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LY/T 3179-2020: Technical regulation for the restoration of degraded protective forest
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Technical regulation for the restoration of degraded protective forest
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LY/T 3179-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3179-2020 (LY/T3179-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical regulation for the restoration of degraded protective forest | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B64 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 20,246 | | Date of Issue | 2020-03-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-10-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement No. 6 of 2020 by the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 3179-2020: Technical regulation for the restoration of degraded protective forest---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical regulation for the restoration of degraded protective forest
ICS 65.020
B 64
Technical Regulations for Restoration of Degraded Shelterbelts
2020-03-30 released
2020-10-01 implementation
Issued by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Table of contents
Foreword...I
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 Repair principles...2
5 Repair objects...2
6 Repair types and methods...4
7 Biodiversity protection...9
8 Survey Design...10
9 Quality Evaluation...11
10 File Management...13
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Status Quo Survey Form of Degraded Shelterbelt Restoration Subgroup...14
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Degraded Shelterbelt Restoration Small Shift Operation Design Table...15
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Appendices A and B of this standard are normative appendices.
This standard was proposed by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Afforestation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC385).
Drafting organizations of this standard. National Forestry and Grassland Administration Investigation, Planning and Design Institute, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Ecological Protection and Restoration
Division, Zhangjiakou Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Hebei Province, Huancui District Natural Resources Bureau of Weihai City, Shandong Province, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Aohan Banner, Zhaosu Branch of State-owned Forestry Administration of Western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhou Zhifeng, Wang Yao, Qin Qingfeng, Zhao Liangping, Huang Zhengqiu, Tang Xiaoping, Hongyu, Shi Junhua,
Zeng Xianzhi, Liu Lijun, Ding Fangli, Wang Xiaokun, Guo Qi, Hu Jiping, Wu Yunfeng, Yu Hongxuan, Li Xijie, Hou Yuelong, Zhang
wing.
This standard was issued for the first time.
Technical Regulations for Restoration of Degraded Shelterbelts
1 Scope
This standard specifies the restoration principles, objects, types and methods of restoration, and biodiversity conservation
Technical requirements for protection, survey design, quality evaluation, file management, etc.
This standard applies to the restoration of degraded protection forests nationwide.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version
Applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 6000 Seedling quality classification of main afforestation tree species
GB/T 14175 Forest Tree Introduction
GB/T 15163 Technical Regulations for Closing Hills (sand) for Forestation
GB/T 15776 Technical Regulations for Afforestation
GB/T 15781 Forest Tending Regulations
GB/T 18337.1 Guidelines for the Construction of Ecological Public Welfare Forests
GB/T 26424 Technical Regulations for Forest Resources Planning, Design and Investigation
LY/T 1000 container seedling technology
LY/T 1646 Forest Harvesting Regulations
LY/T 2786 Technical Regulations for Restoration of Degraded Stands of Three North Shelterbelt
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Degraded Protective forest
Due to physiological decay, natural disasters, changes in the external environment, excessive man-made interference, etc., forest stands enter early or accelerate
In the decay stage, phenomena such as withering, dying, poor growth, etc. appear, resulting in structural imbalance, reduced stability, decreased function and even
Shelter forests that are lost and difficult to recover naturally.
3.2
Restoration of Degraded Protective forest
Follow the laws of nature and adopt measures such as replacement, selective cutting and replanting, tending, gradual progress, and enclosure for degraded protection forests to promote forest protection
Forms a normal growth and development trend, and gradually recovers to a state close to the state before degradation or to a better zonal forest top community
Orderly development of forest management activities.
3.3
Replacement Restoration
On the same forest land, the restoration measures to replace the original trees or the target tree species in one time or in batches, including clear cutting and regeneration,
Gradual cutting and regeneration, afforestation and regeneration under the canopy.
3.4
Restoration by Selective Cutting and Replanting
According to the distribution characteristics of dead wood, dying wood, and damaged wood, after single-plant felling or group felling, depending on the forest stand
Replanting and re-seeding restoration measures should be carried out for replanting and reseeding.
3.5
Gradual Restoration
Under the premise of relatively stable maintenance and protection functions, the degraded forest belt (net) shall be taken at certain intervals (≥5 years).
Repair measures to gradually restore or improve the protective function of isolated plants, separated belts, half belts, broken belts, and out-of-band renewal.
4 Repair principles
4.1 Zoning policy, classification repair
The degraded protection forests in special protection areas specified in GB/T 18337.1 shall be completely closed, and special protection areas shall be
Degraded protection forests in other areas outside the country are divided into degraded natural secondary protection forests and degraded artificial protection forests according to their origins.
The restoration methods of degraded natural secondary protection forests are mainly enclosed and replanted. For degraded artificial protection forests, environmental conditions,
Reasonable selection of repair methods such as degradation.
4.2 Utilize nature and green restoration
On the basis of respecting and understanding nature, making full use of nature, artificially assisting natural restoration potential is inhibited or damaged
Damaged degraded shelterbelts repair themselves. In order to speed up the restoration process, artificial replanting and reseeding measures can be supplemented to promote restoration.
Cultivate and form forest communities with high naturalness and strong stability, and improve the effectiveness, economy and energy saving of restoration of degraded shelterbelts.
4.3 Logging according to law and scientific restoration
Logging is carried out in strict accordance with the natural forest protection and public welfare forest management policies and technical requirements. After logging, depending on the forest stand
Carry out scientific replanting and reseeding in accordance with business objectives. The selection of tree species should be given priority to those that can grow mutually beneficially and coexist with preserved trees.
Good native tree species, arable for arbor, or irrigated for irrigation.
4.4 Priority protection and reasonable restoration
Strengthen protection forests and natural forests in special protected areas, as well as key protected wild plants, key protected wild animals and other
The protection of habitats, and restoration under the premise of relatively stable maintenance and protection functions, reasonable selection of restoration methods, and reasonable safety
Schedule restoration time and procedures to reduce disturbance and disturbance to key protected wild animals and plants, and avoid fragmentation of their habitats.
5 Repair objects
5.1 Defining standards
Shelterbelts that meet one of the following characteristics and are difficult to recover naturally can be classified as degraded shelterbelts.
a) Withered shoots, diseased rot and other physiological senescence characteristics are obvious. More than two-thirds of the trees with dead shoots account for more than 20% (inclusive)
On the top, the forest stands with depleted trees.
b) The trunk is broken or split, or fell down, broken (withered) or more than two-thirds of the tip, etc.
Forest stands in which the proportion of harmful forest trees is more than 40% (inclusive).
c) Forests where forestry quarantine pests occur and cannot be eradicated by control measures within 3 years.
d) Not due to the competitive growth of individual forest trees, leading to tree growth failure and death, dead wood and dying wood
The proportion of the number of plants is more than 5% (inclusive), and the forests showing a reverse development trend are expanding year by year.
e) Patches or clusters of death appear, forming forest clearings, canopy density drops below 0.5, and forest trees are unevenly distributed
(The Three North Shelterbelts implement LY/T 2786 regulations).
f) Many plants and bands (strips) died, causing the permeability to increase to 0.6 (inclusive) or more, or the length of the continuous broken band
The average tree height of the forest belt is more than 2 times, and the total length of the missing belt accounts for more than 20% (inclusive) of the entire forest belt length,
A forest belt with broken forests and poor protection.
g) Due to aging and dying year after year, it is difficult to maintain a stable state, the coverage drops below 40%, the distribution is uneven, and the protection
Special shrubs whose functions continue to decline.
5.2 Degradation level
5.2.1 Severe degradation
If one of the following conditions is met, it can be classified as severe degradation.
a) Withered shoots, diseased rot and other physiological senescence characteristics are obvious. More than two-thirds of the trees with dead shoots account for more than 20% (inclusive)
On the top, the forest stands with depleted trees.
b) The trunk is broken or split, or fell down, broken (withered) or more than two-thirds of the tip, etc.
Forest stands in which the proportion of harmful forest trees is more than 40% (inclusive).
c) Forests where forestry quarantine pests occur and cannot be eradicated by control measures within 3 years.
d) Not due to the competitive growth of individual forest trees, leading to more and more forest growth failures and deaths, dead wood and dying wood
A forest with a plant number ratio of more than 40% (inclusive) and a severely reduced protection function.
e) The forest stands die in patches or clusters, forming open spaces in the forest, the canopy density drops below 0.3, and the forest trees are not distributed.
Uniform forest.
f) Many plants and bands (strips) died, causing the permeability to increase to 0.8 (inclusive) or more, or the length of the continuous broken band
A forest belt with an average tree height of more than 2 times, and the total length of the missing belt accounted for more than 50% (inclusive).
g) It is difficult to maintain a stable state due to aging and dying year after year, the coverage has dropped below 30%, and the bushes per hectare are small
Special shrubs in 750 (150 sandy areas).
5.2.2 Moderate degradation
It can be classified as moderate degradation if one of the following conditions is met.
a) Not due to the competitive growth of individual forest trees, leading to more and more forest growth failures and deaths, dead wood and dying wood
The plant number ratio reaches 10% (inclusive) to 40%, and the protection function is significantly reduced.
b) The forest stands die in patches or clusters, forming a clearing in the forest, and the canopy density drops to 0.3 (inclusive) ~ 0.5.
Forest with uneven distribution.
c) Many plants and bands (strips) died, resulting in increased permeability to 0.7 (inclusive) to 0.8, or continuous broken band length
A forest belt with an average tree height of more than 2 times, and the total length of the missing belt is 30% (inclusive) to 50%.
d) Due to aging and death year after year, it is difficult to maintain a stable state, the coverage has dropped below 30%, and the bushes per hectare
Special shrubs between 750 (inclusive) and 900 (150-180 in sandy areas).
5.2.3 Mild degradation
Meet one of the following conditions, can be classified as mild degradation.
a) Not due to the competitive growth of individual forest trees, leading to tree growth failure and death, dead wood and dying wood
Forests where the proportion of plants reaches 5% (inclusive) to 10%, and the protective function has declined.
b) Many plants and bands (strips) died, resulting in increased permeability to 0.6 (inclusive) to 0.7, or continuous broken band length
The average tree height of the forest belt is more than 2 times, and the total length of the missing belt accounts for 20% (inclusive) to 30% of the forest belt.
c) Special shrubs whose coverage has declined to 30% (inclusive) to 40% due to aging and death year after year, making it difficult to maintain a stable state.
6 Repair type and method
6.1 Repair type
There are 6 types of restoration, including replacement restoration, selective cutting and replanting restoration, tending restoration, progressive restoration, enclosure restoration and
Comprehensive repair.
6.2 Replacement repair
6.2.1 Repair object
It is suitable for severely degraded, mature and over-mature degraded artificial protection forests. Woodland slope in Northeast China > 25°, south and southeast
Areas with forest slopes > 35° in other regions and forests with slopes > 30° in other regions should not be replaced and restored in principle.
GB/T 18337.1 stipulates implementation.
6.2.2 Repair method
6.2.2.1 Clearcut update
6.2.2.1.1 Applicable conditions
According to the forest stand status, slope, etc., the degraded protection forest shall be renewed by clear cutting in a small area or band.
a) Small area of massive clear-cutting regeneration is suitable for areas outside of areas with serious desertification and soil erosion, and areas with forest slopes ≤15°;
b) Banded clear-cutting regeneration is suitable for areas with severe desertification and soil erosion, and areas with severe desertification and soil erosion.
Outside and woodland slopes are 16-35°.
6.2.2.1.2 Technical requirements
The renewal of small-area block or band clear cutting should meet the following requirements.
a) Adjacent operation areas should retain reserved forest land (belt) not less than the cutting area (width) to maintain ecological protection.
The energy is relatively stable, and the cutting area control indicators are shown in Table 1.
b) Renew in time after felling and carry out tending management and protection in a timely manner. After the saplings grow stably (≥3 years), use the same method
Repair the remaining forest stands.
6.2.2.2 Gradual cutting update
6.2.2.2.1 Applicable conditions
Canopy density > 0.7, natural planting ability is strong, but artificial promotion measures are needed to renew, the forest layer is single layer or close to single layer.
6.2.2.2.2 Technical requirements
a) Adopt belt or umbrella operations to use forest gaps or forest edge effects to assist forest stands to achieve natural regeneration.
LY/T 1646 regulations are implemented;
b) In order to promote the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings and saplings, it is advisable to implement partial removal in flaky gaps or banded open spaces
Artificial promotion measures such as litter, weeds and shrubs;
c) Natural regeneration of seedlings, saplings will be cultivated in time after 2-3 years of growth, the distribution is uneven, and the results are not up to this standard.
Seedling transplantation or artificial replanting should be carried out if required.
6.2.2.3 Reforestation under the canopy
6.2.2.3.1 Applicable conditions
Canopy closure is less than or equal to 0.7, and the natural regeneration grade is poor or the regeneration tree species does not meet the business objectives.
6.2.2.3.2 Technical requirements
a) Under the canopy of degraded forest stands and in open spaces, planting seedlings is the main and supplemented by planting and afforestation to cultivate new forest layers;
b) After the formation of the renewed forest layer, the upper non-cultivation target forest trees will be felled, in order to reduce the impact of logging on the new seedlings.
Damages or forest pests spread infectious hazards to newly planted seedlings, and the existing significant impacts in the forest stand shall be dealt with before afforestation
The dead wood, dying wood, and damaged wood that have forest sanitary conditions and have no ecological support shall be cut first;
c) Choose young tree species that are shade-tolerant, can grow normally under the forest canopy, and coexist with existing seedlings and young trees on the forest floor
Renewal to facilitate the formation of a stable forest ecosystem with the reserved target tree species.
6.3 Selective cutting and replanting restoration
6.3.1 Repair object
It is suitable for different degradation grades, near-mature and mature degraded artificial protection forests.
6.3.2 Repair method
6.3.2.1 Single-plant selective cutting
6.3.2.1.1 Applicable conditions
In the small class, areas where the distribution of dead wood, dying wood, and damaged wood groups are not obvious and are scattered
Plant selection cutting.
6.3.2.1.2 Technical requirements
a) The objects of selective felling should be dead wood, dying wood, and damaged wood. The density, tree species composition and structure of the forest should be adjusted.
Selective thinning can be carried out when promoting natural planting or understory seedlings and sapling growth, cultivating new layers, etc.;
b) The selective cutting intensity is the number of selective cutting plants per unit area should be controlled within 5% to 40% (harvesting forestry quarantine pests
Not subject to this intensity limit), after selective felling, replanting and reseeding are carried out according to the forest stand situation and business objectives.
6.3.2.2 Group selective felling
6.3.2.2.1 Applicable conditions
Rehabilitation of areas where the distribution of dead wood, dying wood, and damaged wood in the small class is obvious, implement group selective felling.
6.3.2.2.2 Technical requirements
The selective cutting intensity is that the diameter of the largest cutting window in each group should not exceed 2 times the average height of the surrounding forest. Other technical requirements
Follow the provisions of 6.3.2.1.2 of this standard.
6.3.2.3 Replanting and reseeding
6.3.2.3.1 Applicable conditions
Should meet one of the following conditions.
a) The number of preserved trees is lower than the reasonable density of this type of undegraded forest.
b) Canopy closure after selective felling is less than 0.5, and it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of this standard only by natural renewal.
c) The distribution of forest trees is uneven, containing more than 25m2 of forest open space.
6.3.2.3.2 Technical requirements
a) Replanting and replanting tree species can be the tree species of the same purpose tree species, or adjust the tree species structure and enhance the landscape effect
For the purpose, combined with cross replanting methods such as drawing needles (wide) to supplement the width (needles), planting needles (wide) to protect the width (needles), replanting 1
Species or a variety of other purpose tree species to cultivate mixed forests of different ages;
b) Planting seedlings is the main method. In order to cultivate mixed forests of shrubs and shrubs, shrub seeds can also be directly sowed. Planting seedlings should be evenly divided
Distribution in clusters or clusters, the specific distribution method depends on the distribution characteristics of the retained trees, management methods and seedling characteristics;
c) After replanting and reseeding, care and management should be carried out in a timely manner.
6.4 Tending and restoring
6.4.1 Repair object
It is suitable for degraded protection forests (belts, nets) of different degradation levels and middle-aged stages.
6.4.2 Repair method
6.4.2.1 Thinning
6.4.2.1.1 Applicable conditions
Ventilation, light transmission, poor sanitation, and unreasonable tree species structure and density structure.
6.4.2.1.2 Technical requirements
a) Before thinning operations, forest trees should be classified or graded according to the requirements of GB/T 15781, and the first felling of forest trees should be implemented
For interfering trees, the first felling of grade V and grade IV trees for forest classification requires adjustment of forest density, tree species composition and forest
LY/T ****-****
Part of other trees or grade III trees can be cut down when structure is divided;
b) In areas with good water and heat conditions, protection forests degraded due to fires should not be harvested in the year after the fire.
The dying wood, let it slowly recover. After a growing season, if it is determined that the self-recovery is not possible, then logging will be carried out;
c) After thinning, depending on the forest stand situation and business objectives, replanting and reseeding, with measures such as shrub cutting and pruning, to cultivate mixed forests;
d) The logging control indicators shall implement the following standards.
--Degraded natural secondary protection forests are carried out in strict accordance with the natural forest protection policies and technical requirements;
--The one-time thinning intensity of other trees or grade III trees in the degraded artificial shelterbelt shall not exceed 20% of the total number of trees, except for canopy closure
Other control indicators outside the degree are implemented in accordance with GB/T 15781.
6.4.2.2 Replanting
6.4.2.2.1 Applicable conditions
Meet the replanting conditions specified in GB/T 15781 or be lower than the reasonable density of this type of undegraded forest.
6.4.2.2.2 Technical requirements
Implement the provisions of 6.3.2.3.2 of this standard.
6.4.2.3 Promote rejuvenation
6.4.2.3.1 Applicable conditions
Natural planting or sprouting ability is strong, or through artificial measures to strengthen forest land management can restore normal growth.
6.4.2.3.2 Technical requirements
a) Loose soil and weeding. around the mother tree with natural planting and strong germination ability, locally remove weeds, litter and pine
Move the surface soil, make the seeds fully contact the soil and take root and germinate, and promote its natural growth.
b) Cut shrubs and vines. When the growth of the seedlings of the target tree species is obviously affected by the surrounding shrubs, weeds, vines, etc., it should be
Partially weeding or mowing vines. The operation area of each plant is centered on the seedlings and young trees, and the minimum diameter is not less than 1m.
c) Drainage and drought prevention. the seasonal waterlogging forests need to dig drainage ditches to remove excess water;
Water collection or water diversion facilities shall be built in places where watering is carried out, or water is transported and irrigated to meet the water requirements for forest growth.
d) Pruning. the retained crown of broad-leaved trees after pruning ≥ 2/3 of the current tree height, and the retained crown of coniferous trees ≥ 1/2 of the current tree height.
e) Fixed planting. Adjust the density of naturally sprouted saplings according to the principle of keeping evenly spaced, removing the inferior and retaining the superior, while maintaining the same
Multiple saplings in the hole are selectively cut (cut), and after cutting (cutting), 1 to 2 plants are retained in each hole.
f) Grafting. For middle-aged trees that grow poorly, have no future for cultivation and are suitable for grafting, adopt methods such as low-stretching for heading or grafting.
Law, transformed into a promising forest.
g) Flat stubble. suitable for middle-aged forests and shrubs with strong sprouting ability and degradation. For the middle-aged forest after stubble, new shoots germinate
After 1 to 2 years, the plants should be determined in time and the reasonable density should be determined; degraded shrubs with flat stubble as the main restoration technology should be harvested
Take the belt-like replacement operation method, keep a reserved belt not less than the width of the working belt between adjacent working belts, and wait for the young
After the tree grows stably (usually 3 years), the remaining part should be stubbed, and replanting should be carried out in the open area.
6.5 Progressive repair
6.5.1 Repair object
It is suitable for degraded artificial protection forest belts (nets) of different degradation levels, near-mature, mature or over-mature.
6.5.2 Repair method
6.5.2.1 Renewal
...
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