|
US$279.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email.
LY/T 3178-2020: Technical regulation of secondary forest management in the mountain areas of Northwest and North China
Status: Valid
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| LY/T 3178-2020 | English | 279 |
Add to Cart
|
3 days [Need to translate]
|
Technical regulation of secondary forest management in the mountain areas of Northwest and North China
| Valid |
LY/T 3178-2020
|
PDF similar to LY/T 3178-2020
Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3178-2020 (LY/T3178-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical regulation of secondary forest management in the mountain areas of Northwest and North China | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B64 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.40 | | Word Count Estimation | 12,143 | | Date of Issue | 2020-03-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-10-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement No. 6 of 2020 by the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 3178-2020: Technical regulation of secondary forest management in the mountain areas of Northwest and North China
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical Regulation of Secondary Forest Management in the mountain areas of Northwest and North China
ICS 65.020.40
B64
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Technical Regulations for Management of Secondary Forests in Mountainous Regions of Northwest China
2020-03-30 released
2020-10-01 implementation
Issued by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration
Table of contents
Foreword...II
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Definitions and terms...1
3.1 Natural forest management model...1
3.2 Forest Stand Management...1
3.3 The degree of forest stand crowding..1
3.4 Openness of young trees...1
3.5 Single tree management...2
3.6 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by conifers...2
3.7 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by broad-leaved trees...2
3.8 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with balanced needle width. 2
3.9 Extra large trees...2
3.10 Big Tree...2
3.11 Small tree...2
3.12 Trail tree stands...2
3.13 Large diameter tree stands...2
3.14 Extra-large diameter tree stands...2
4 Operating indicators...2
4.1 Operating Intensity...2
4.2 Adjustment of Forest Crowding...2
4.3 Adjustment of tree uniformity...3
4.4 Tiered adjustment of forest division...3
4.5 Adjustment of Sapling Openness...3
5 Management Model of Secondary Forests in the Mountainous Regions of Northwest China...3
5.1 Natural Coniferous Forest Management Model...3
5.2 Natural Broadleaf Forest Management Model...4
5.3 Management model of natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest...6
References...9
Foreword
This standard is compiled in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Afforestation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC385).
This standard was drafted. China Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Forestry Science of Xiaolongshan Forestry Experimental Bureau of Gansu Province
Research Institute, Investigation and Planning Institute of Xiaolongshan Forestry Experiment Bureau, Gansu Province.
The main drafters of this standard. Hui Gangying, Liu Wenzhen, Zhao Zhonghua, Hu Yanbo, Zhang Gongqiao, Yuan Shiyun, Zhang Ganggang,
Li Chunlan, Wang Peng, Yang Shuangbao, Shi Xiaolong, Wang Haibin.
Technical Regulations for Management of Secondary Forests in Mountainous Regions of Northwest China
1 Scope
This standard specifies the management model of secondary forests in the mountainous regions of North my country in Northwest China, including forest stand management types and their main tending management techniques.
Shi.
This standard applies to the sustainable management of secondary forests in the mountains of Northwest China in Northwest China.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 15781 Forest Tending Regulations
GB/T 26424 Technical Regulations for Forest Resources Planning, Design and Investigation
LY/T 2810 Technical Regulations for Structured Forest Management
LY/T 2811 Technical Regulations for Investigation of Structured Forest Management Data
3 Definitions and terms
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 Natural forest management model
A series of orderly management measures for specific natural forest types to achieve established forest management goals.
3.2 Forest stand management
Regarding the management events of the forest stand or some groups in the forest stand, the purpose is to quickly adjust the tree species composition or stratification of the forest stand, including forest stand holding
Squeeze degree, uniformity of big trees, artificial promotion of natural renewal, renewal of young tree tending, adjustment of sapling openness, etc.
3.3 Degree of forest congestion
Stand crowding degree (K) is used to express the degree of clustering of forest trees, using the ratio of the average distance between trees (L) and the average crown width (CW)
Value means.
3.4 The open degree of saplings
Describe the indicators of the light environment of young trees. Reflects the degree of influence of adjacent trees above or around on the regeneration of young trees, expressed by the formula.
3.5 Tree-oriented management
Aiming at the management strategy of the target individual (target tree) in the forest stand, gradually improve the forest stand quality in a moderate way, and adjust the forest stand
The goal tree competes with neighbors to achieve it. The management of individual trees strictly follows the technical standards of structured forest management [LY/T 2810; LY/T 2811].
3.6 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with coniferous- dominated
Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in which the number of coniferous trees accounts for more than 60% of the forest.
3.7 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with broad-leaved dominated
Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest where the number of broad-leaved trees accounts for more than 60% of the forest stand.
3.8 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with on balance
Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests where the number of coniferous and broad-leaved trees in the forest stand is not more than 60%.
3.9 Very big trees
Extra-large trees in a forest stand refer to trees with a diameter greater than or equal to 45cm (D≥45cm). Extra-large trees are also called extra-large diameter trees.
3.10 Big trees
The big trees in the forest stand refer to the trees with the diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 26cm (D≥26cm) (see GB/T 26424). The big trees are also called big trees.
Trail wood.
3.11 Small trees
Small trees in a forest stand refer to trees with a diameter at breast height of less than 26cm (D< 26cm), and small trees are also called trail trees.
3.12 Forestry with small trees-dominated
The proportion of trees with a diameter at breast height D< 26cm exceeds 85%.
3.13 Forestry with big trees-dominated
The proportion of trees with a DBH D≥26cm is ≥15%, and trees with a DBH between 26 to 45cm account for more than 2/3 of the stands.
3.14 Forestry with very big trees-dominated
The proportion of trees with DBH D≥26cm is ≥15%, and trees with DBH ≥45cm account for more than 1/3 of the large trees.
4 Operating indicators
4.1 Operating intensity
The one-time operation intensity (accumulation or cross-sectional area) cannot exceed 20% (see GB/T 15781).
4.2 Adjustment of forest stand congestion
The reasonable range of stand crowding degree K value is [0.9-1.1]. When K is greater than 1, it indicates that there are gaps between the trees, and the trees are not crowded, and there is no need
Thinning should be carried out; when K is less than 0.9, it indicates that there is crowding between trees, and thinning treatment is required.
4.3 Adjustment of tree uniformity
The uniformity adjustment of big trees refers to the regular distribution of big trees in the forest. It can be divided into clusters or close distances around the big trees.
It can be realized by the big trees of the cloth and the trees that have no future for cultivation.
4.4 Tiered adjustment of forest division
The stratified adjustment of forest division can promote the formation of multi-layered forests through artificial regeneration or artificial promotion of natural regeneration. For broadleaf forest
Sparse forest canopy can be used, and shade-tolerant conifers can be planted in the open space of the forest, and moderately tended; for coniferous forests, canopy thinning (cutting large trees)
Carry out low-density management of upper forests, realize the formation of forest gaps, and promote understory regeneration and natural improvement of broad-leaved trees by uncovering the turf.
New formation.
4.5 Adjustment of Sapling Openness
The value of the sapling openness O is between 0-1, the larger the value, the better the light environment the sapling is in, and the less competitive pressure. When the value of O is less than
At 0.5, 1 to 2 nearest neighboring trees that adversely affect it must be cut.
5 Management Model of Secondary Forest in Northwestern China
5.1 Natural coniferous forest management model
5.1.1 Trail tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Stand congestion adjustment. Two low-intensity lower-layer thinning, each thinning intensity of 17-24%, interval 20-25 years;
b. Forest division level adjustment. Five years after the implementation of measure a, renew seedlings will be reared twice a year for three consecutive years;
c. Sapling openness adjustment and ground strength maintenance. Adjust the openness of young trees and maintain the soil fertility once 10-15 years after the implementation of measure b.
Remove trees that affect the growth of saplings and mowing and weeding;
d. Structured forest management. 20-25 years after the implementation of Measure c, individual tree management will be carried out, that is, the use of structured forest management technology, and
Step by step adjustments to the pattern, dominance, density and mixing degree of the target forest. After another 20-25 years, the second structured forest management
camp;
e. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. After 20-25 years of the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter will be selected for cutting and utilization.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.1.2 Large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Large tree (D≥26cm) uniformity adjustment. Cut down the big trees that gather together;
b. Artificially promote natural renewal. Artificially create forest gaps and clear ground cover in the gaps that have been formed;
c. Forest division level adjustment. Five years after the implementation of Measure b, the stratification of forest classification will be adjusted, and the regeneration of young trees will be carried out twice a year for three consecutive times.
Years of upbringing;
d. Adjustment of sapling openness and maintenance of ground strength. 10-15 years after the implementation of measures c, carry out adjustments to the openness of saplings, and carry out maintenance of soil strength,
Cut down the trees that affect the growth of saplings and cut the bushes and weeds;
e. Structured forest management. 20-25 years after the implementation of d measures, the use of structured forest management technology to adjust the microenvironment of single wood
Adjustment of row pattern, mixing degree, density and dominance of tree species, after another 20-25 years, the second structured forest management will be carried out;
f. Selective cutting of individual plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.1.3 Extra large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Adjustment of sapling openness and maintenance of ground strength. Cut down the trees that affect the growth of young trees, cut shrubs and weeds, loosen the soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
b. Structured forest management. After 20-25 years of measure a, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out the target tree grid
Adjustment of game, dominance, concentration and mixed degree. After another 20-25 years, the second structured forest management will be carried out;
c. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.2 Natural Broadleaf Forest Management Model
The corresponding series of orderly management measures are taken according to the forest stand status types divided in Figure 2.
5.2.1 Trail tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Stand congestion adjustment. Two times of low-intensity thinning in the lower layer, the plant number intensity is 17-24%, and the interval is 20-25 years;
b. Adjustment of tree uniformity. Cut down the big trees that gather together;
c. Structured forest management. 20-25 years after the implementation of Measure b, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point patterns and mixed
Adjust the degree, density and dominance of the target tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
d. Selective cutting of individual plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.2.2 Large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Adjust the uniformity of the tree. Cut big trees that gather together, especially sprouting plants; after 20-25 years, perform the second big tree average
Uniformity adjustment
b. Forest division level adjustment. Five years after the implementation of measure a, plant local shade-tolerant conifers (Pinus armandii, spruce, fir, etc.) in open spaces in the forest.
The planting density is 800 trees/ha, and the young tree tending operation is carried out twice a year for 3 years;
c. Sapling openness adjustment and ground strength maintenance. 10-15 years after the implementation of Measure b, cut down the trees that affect the growth of young trees and carry out cutting
Grass, soil loosening, ground cover cleaning, etc.;
d. Structured forest management. 20-25 years after the implementation of Measure c, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point patterns and mixed
Adjust the degree, density and dominance of the target tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
e. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3 Management model of natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest
The corresponding series of orderly management measures are taken according to the forest stand status types divided in Figure 3.
5.3.1 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by conifers
The following management measures are taken in order for the small-path tree forest.
a. Congestion adjustment of conifers. Carry out a low-intensity (plant number thinning intensity 17-24%) lower layer tending;
b. Adjust the uniformity of large coniferous trees. After 20-25 years of measure a, adjust the uniformity of large coniferous trees and cut down the large trees that gather together.
Artificially create forest gaps to promote the formation of renewed light conditions, and at the same time activate the seed bank in the soil to remove ground cover in the formed gaps;
c. Artificial promotion of natural renewal and soil power maintenance. After 10-15 years of measure b, cut down the trees that affect the growth of young trees and cut the bushes and weeds,
Loosen soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
d. Structured forest management. After 10 to 15 years of measures c, use structured forest management techniques to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
e. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3.1.1 Large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Adjust the uniformity of coniferous trees. Adjust the uniformity of big trees for coniferous trees once, cut down the big trees together,
Manufacturing forest gaps to promote the formation of renewed light conditions, while activating the seed bank in the soil, and clearing the ground cover in the formed gaps;
b. Artificial promotion of natural renewal and soil power maintenance. After 10-15 years of measure a, cut down the trees that affect the growth of saplings, cut shrubs and weeds,
Loosen soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
c. Structured forest management. After 10 to 15 years of measure b, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
d. Selective cutting of individual plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3.1.2 Extra large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Artificial promotion of natural renewal and soil power maintenance. Cut down the trees that affect the growth of young trees, cut shrubs and weeds, loosen the soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
b. Structured forest management. After 10 to 15 years of measure a, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
c. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3.2 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by broad-leaved
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Adjustment of congestion of hardwood trees. Adjust the crowding degree of broad-leaved trees, and the intensity of tending thinning plants is 17-24%;
b. Adjustment of the uniformity of broad-leaved trees. After 20-25 years of measure a, cut down the large trees that have gathered together, and artificially create forest gaps to promote
Form new light conditions, activate the seed bank in the soil at the same time, and clear the ground cover in the gaps that have been formed;
c. Artificial promotion of renewal and maintenance of soil power. After 10-15 years of measure b, cut down the trees that affect the growth of saplings, and cut shrubs, weeds, and pine trees.
Soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
d. Structured forest management. After 20-25 years of measures c, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
e. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3.3 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with balanced needle width
5.3.3.1 Trail tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Stand congestion adjustment. Carry out two moderate-intensity lower-layer thinning, each time the number of plants thinning intensity is 30-40%, and the interval is 20-25 years;
b. Artificial promotion of renewal and maintenance of soil power. After 10-15 years of measure a, cut down the trees that affect the growth of saplings, cut shrubs, weeds, and pine trees.
Soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
c. Structured forest management. After 10 to 15 years of measure b, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
d. Selective cutting of individual plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3.3.2 Large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Adjust the uniformity of the tree. Adjust the uniformity of big trees once, cut down the big trees that gather together, and artificially create forest gaps to promote shape
To achieve renewal light conditions, at the same time activate the seed bank in the soil, and clear the ground cover in the formed gap;
b. Artificial promotion of natural renewal and soil power maintenance. After 10-15 years of measure a, cut down the trees that affect the growth of saplings, cut shrubs and weeds,
Loosen soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
c. Structured forest management. After 10 to 15 years of measure b, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
d. Selective cutting of individual plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
5.3.3.3 Extra large diameter tree stands
Take the following management measures in turn.
a. Artificial promotion of natural renewal and soil power maintenance. Cut down the trees that affect the growth of young trees, cut shrubs and weeds, loosen the soil, clean up ground cover, etc.;
b. Structured forest management. After 10 to 15 years of measure a, use structured forest management technology to simultaneously carry out point pattern, mixing degree,
Adjust the density and dominance of the purpose tree, and carry out the second structured forest management after another 20-25 years;
c. Selective cutting of single plant with target diameter. Twenty years after the second structured forest management, individual plants that reach the target diameter can be selectively harvested.
The accumulation (or cross-sectional area) utilization intensity cannot exceed 20%.
Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of LY/T 3178-2020_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate LY/T 3178-2020_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time. Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of LY/T 3178-2020_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of LY/T 3178-2020_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet. Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countriesQuestion 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?Answer: Yes. If you need your currency to be printed on the invoice, please write an email to [email protected]. In 2 working-hours, we will create a special link for you to pay in any currencies. Otherwise, follow the normal steps: Add to Cart -- Checkout -- Select your currency to pay.
|