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Technical specification for virtual 3D forest map making
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LY/T 3184-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3184-2020 (LY/T3184-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specification for virtual 3D forest map making | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B60 | | Classification of International Standard | 01.080.30 | | Word Count Estimation | 9,914 | | Date of Issue | 2020-03-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-10-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement No. 6 of 2020 by the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration |
LY/T 3184-2020: Technical specification for virtual 3D forest map making---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical specification for virtual 3D forest map making
ICS 01.080.30
B60
LY
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Technical Regulations for Making Virtual Three-dimensional Forest Diagram
2020-03-30 released
2020-10-01 implementation
Issued by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration
table of Contents
Preface...2
1 Scope of application...3
2 Normative references...3
3 Terms and definitions...3
4 Technical standards and requirements...4
5 Data processing requirements...6
6 Forest Resource Database Requirements...7
7 Virtual three-dimensional forest diagram...7
8 Results quality requirements...8
Foreword
This regulation was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009.
This regulation was proposed by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.
This regulation is under the jurisdiction of the National Forest Resources Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC370).
Drafting organizations of this regulation. State Forestry and Grassland Administration Investigation, Planning and Design Institute, Hunan Forestry Investigation, Planning and Design Institute.
The main drafters of this regulation. Yang Kailiang, Chen Li, Guan Yuanbao, Zhang Jian, Wang Wenbo, Liu Lu, Xue Xiukang, Gao Junfeng, Zhu Xin, Bai Xing
Wen.
This regulation was reviewed and approved by Peng Daoli, Chen Yongfu, Zhou Hongbin, Ge Hongli, Tao Jixing, Lu Yong, and Jia Weiwei.
Technical Regulations for Making Virtual Three-dimensional Forest Diagram
1 Scope of application
This regulation stipulates the technical requirements for the method, process, and result quality of the virtual three-dimensional forest diagram production.
This regulation is applicable to the production of virtual three-dimensional forest diagrams for forest resource investigation, planning and design.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 18316-2008 Quality Inspection and Acceptance of Digital Surveying and Mapping Results
GB/T 26424-2010 Technical Regulations for Forest Resources Planning, Design and Investigation
CH/T 1015.2-2007 Basic Geographic Information Digital Products 1.10000, 1.50,000 Part 2.Digital Elevation Model
LY/T 1662.7-2008 Digital Forestry Standards and Specifications
LY/T 1954-2011 Technical Regulations for Making Satellite Remote Sensing Image Maps of Forest Resources Survey
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Image fusion
Using a certain algorithm model, the remote sensing images with different spatial resolutions and different spectral bands covering the same area will be spatially registered
Then carry out information combination technology.
3.2
Image mosaic
For adjacent remote sensing images, based on the unified projection coordinate system, through image digital processing methods such as tone adjustment and splicing, the formation of
A technique for images with balanced colors and no overlapping areas.
3.3
Digital elevation model (DEM)
An ordered array of values describing the spatial distribution of ground elevation or altitude.
3.4
Trunk
From the root neck to the first main branch (if there is no main branch, the first branch).
3.5
Tree branches
There is a parent-child relationship between each trunk and branches, where the first-level branch is attached to the parent trunk, and each first-level branch can only have one parent
Trunk, a parent trunk can have multiple first-level branches, and first-level branches can have no second-level branches.
3.6
Leaf branches
The branch structure of each leaf contains the leaf structure.
3.7
Orthorectification of standing wood 3D model
A three-dimensional model of trees established by three-dimensional modeling software such as 3D MAX.
3.8
Three-dimensional terrain model
Using digital elevation model and remote sensing images (aerial photos), the three-dimensional image after superposition processing.
3.9
3D visualization
Based on computer graphics and image processing technology, the spatial data information of a certain area on the earth’s surface is displayed as a three-dimensional map on the screen.
A technology that displays images or graphics in the form of interactive processing.
3.10
Virtual 3D forest form map
Using three-dimensional visualization technology and virtual reality technology to visually represent the spatial structure and distribution of forest resources in the form of standing trees
Information, obtain vivid, lifelike 3D visualization renderings, forest diagrams that can roam simulation, 3D image rendering and attribute query.
4 Technical standards and requirements
4.1 Coordinates and projection requirements
4.1.1 Coordinate system
Using.2000 geodetic coordinate system.
4.1.2 Projection method
Using Gauss-Krüger projection;
1.5000 scale is divided by 3°;
1.10000 scale is divided by 3°.
4.1.3 Elevation system
The 1985 national elevation datum is used.
4.2 Remote sensing data requirements
4.2.1 Spatial resolution
The resolution of remote sensing images (aerial photos) should be higher than 2.5m×2.5m.
4.2.2 Data requirements
The data should meet the following requirements.
--The cloud cover area is less than 5%, and can cover the main work area;
--The image is clear, rich in layers, uniform in tone and moderate in contrast;
--The lateral viewing angle of data reception should generally be less than 15°, not more than 25° in plain areas, and not more than 20° in mountainous areas;
- There is no banding, speckle noise, row loss, etc. in the data;
--The shooting time of the image data should be selected in the season when the vegetation grows vigorously.
4.3 Topographic map data requirements
Collect the latest electronic version or paper version with a scale not less than 1.10000 national standard basic topographic maps. Topographic map data requirements should be
include.
--The paper topographic map should be checked for its surface flatness, whether the symbols, lines, outline points and kilometer nets are complete, and whether the
Connection situation
Paper topographic maps need to be scanned and corrected. The scanning resolution is 300dpi, stored in TIF format, and raster topographic maps are corrected by
The geometric precision correction method is used to calibrate, and the intersection point is selected as the control point of each kilometer grid, and the raster topographic map is corrected to the grid consistent with its coordinate system and projection.
Grid image, and then vectorized.
--The inspection of electronic topographic maps shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 18316-2008.
4.4 Elevation model data requirements
4.4.1 Elevation model data
Use vectorized topographic maps to generate corresponding scale digital elevation models; or use aerial stereo images to build digital elevation models.
4.4.2 Data quality requirements
Data quality should meet the following requirements.
--There is no crack phenomenon after the adjacent framing DEM is connected;
--The elevation value of the overlapping area should be consistent;
--DEM has complete metadata, and records the coordinate system, precision, grid sampling size and other information of the data in detail;
--1.The grid size of 10000 DEM should not be less than 12.5m, the location of elevation data should reach 0.1m, and the DEM accuracy should reach CH/T 1008
Requirements.
4.5 Basic data requirements for 3D tree modeling
4.5.1 Tree requirements
The selected trees should be representative, have good growth conditions, conform to normal growth rules, and have no undesirable growth phenomena such as broken shoots.
The surrounding weeds should not be higher than 0.5m.
4.5.2 Digital camera requirements
The pixels are greater than 8 million.
4.5.3 Photo quality requirements
The photo quality should meet the following requirements.
--The photo format should be JPEG;
--The photos cover the panoramic view of standing wood, and there will be no cracks after adjacent photos are joined;
--The photos are clear, without stains, overexposure, etc.
5 Data processing requirements
5.1 Remote sensing image processing
5.1.1 Image orthorectification
Based on the control point data and DEM, orthorectify panchromatic images and multispectral images.
5.1.2 Geometric precision correction
Eliminate the geometric distortion of the image and realize the geometric integration process of the original image and the standard image or map.
5.1.3 Image Fusion
Using PCA, HSI and other image fusion algorithms, the high-resolution panchromatic band image and the lower-resolution multi-spectral band image are combined
Line fusion to highlight forest vegetation information.
5.1.4 Band combination
Select the corresponding bands from the fused multispectral data after orthorectification and combine to form true and false color images.
5.1.5 Image enhancement
Using linear stretching, HIS and other image enhancement algorithms, the fused image is enhanced to make the image rich in color and layered
Bright, clear texture, highlighting forest vegetation information.
5.1.6 Image mosaic
Combine multiple adjacent remote sensing images into a large-scale, seamless image.
5.2 Three-dimensional model of trees
5.2.1 Color
The colors of leaves, branches, and trunks of the tree model are based on the actual colors.
5.2.2 Tree model
The tree model should have a branching system, and the leaves should be randomly distributed. The tree model should conform to the normal growth pattern, without broken shoots, broken branches, etc.
Build tree models according to different tree species and age groups.
5.2.3 Trunk branching system
There is a parent-child relationship between each trunk and branches, where the first-level branch is attached to the parent trunk, and each first-level branch can only have one parent
Trunk, a parent trunk can have multiple first-level branches, and first-level branches can have no second-level branches.
5.2.4 Leaf branch system
Each small branch structure can contain 3 or 4 leaf structures.
5.2.5 Texture of bark
The textures of the trunk and branches should be consistent and mapped with the real bark texture.
5.3 Virtual 3D terrain model
5.3.1 3D terrain modeling
3D terrain modeling adopts regular grid model and irregular triangulated grid model.
--Regular grid model. a model constructed by dividing the area into a regularly arranged grid according to a certain unit size, which is mostly suitable for
Terrain modeling in relatively flat areas.
--Irregular triangle network model. connect topographic feature points according to certain rules into triangles that cover the entire area and do not overlap each other
The model built can accurately represent the terrain features, and is mostly suitable for terrain modeling in mountainous and hilly areas with more complex terrain.
5.3.2 Optimization of 3D terrain model
The terrain model is optimized by the method of partition modeling and hierarchical modeling.
--Division modeling. According to the characteristics of the terrain, establish terrain models of different levels of detail for different regions. In areas with complex terrain, establish
High-precision terrain model; in flat terrain, build a lower-precision terrain model.
-Hierarchical modeling. According to the viewpoint position, build terrain models of different complexity for the same area. Use LOD (Level of Detail)
When the viewpoint is far away from the area, a simpler terrain model is used. When the viewpoint is closer to the area, a more complicated
Terrain model representation.
6 Database requirements
6.1 Requirements for the basic database
Refer to LY/T 1662.7 for database data content, data structure, file naming, data layering, graphics and attribute data content, etc.
-2008 "Digital Forestry Standards and Norms".
6.2 Requirements for auxiliary databases
The auxiliary database mainly includes data dictionary and sub-administrative district index map data.
--Data Dictionary. For data standardization, high efficiency and maintainability in data management, forest resource planning and design are usually adjusted
The related attribute field names and field values and data descriptions in the search data are defined in a uniformly prescribed form and a definition database is established.
---Sub-administrative district index map data. In order to improve the efficiency of data retrieval when managing spatial data, a spatial data index needs to be established.
7 Virtual three-dimensional forest diagram
7.1 Basic data of forest diagram
Use the latest forest resource planning and design survey data as the basic data.
7.2 Small class tree species
Based on the dominant tree species in the forest resource planning and design survey data, different age groups should have different models.
7.3 Number of small teams
The number of trees per unit area of the sub-class is used to control the density of trees in the sub-class, and the area of the sub-class is used to control the number of trees in the entire sub-class, and the tree model
Should be randomly distributed in small classes.
7.4 Base elevation of tree position
The elevation of the location of the tree is obtained from the digital elevation model.
7.5 Making a virtual three-dimensional forest map
7.5.1 Vectorized topographic map
Correct the scale of the latest electronic version or paper version that is not less than 1.10000 national standard topographic map, and then enter it after processing.
Line vectorization to obtain vectorized topographic map.
7.5.2 Digital elevation model data processing
Use vectorized topographic maps to generate corresponding scale digital elevation model data, or directly use aerial stereo images to construct digital elevation
The model gets the data.
7.5.3 Remote sensing image processing
Ortho-correction, geometric precision correction, image fusion, band combination, image enhancement, image mosaic and other processing of remote sensing images.
7.5.4 Aerial Photo Processing
Perform geometric precision correction and image mosaic processing on aerial photos.
7.5.5 Virtual 3D terrain modeling
Use the processed remote sensing images (aerial photos) and the generated digital elevation model to superimpose processing to generate a virtual three-dimensional terrain model.
7.5.6 Three-dimensional modeling of trees
Take representative images of trees on the spot, and use 3D modeling software to build 3D models of trees.
7.5.7 Establishment of virtual three-dimensional forest diagram
Using the established virtual three-dimensional terrain model and tree three-dimensional model, each sub-class represents the tree species of the entire sub-class with dominant tree species.
The number of trees per unit area of the sub-class and the area control the density and total number of trees in the sub-class, and the trees in the sub-class should be randomly distributed in the small
In the class, through superposition and other processing, a virtual three-dimensional forest diagram is established.
8 Results requirements
The results of the virtual three-dimensional forest diagram should meet the following requirements.
--Able to use 3D scene roaming for real-time virtual forest roaming, 3D model rotation transformation, animation effects, and experience 3D forest
Landscape space changes;
--Able to accurately, intuitively and clearly express the spatial structure of forest resources and their distribution, to get an image
The effect of true three-dimensional visualization allows a more intuitive understanding of the overall situation of the forest;
--Able to accurately, intuitively and realistically express the real topography;
--Able to inquire and locate etc.
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