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LY/T 3175-2020: Technical regulations of seedling cultivation for Sambucus williamsii Hance.
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Technical regulations of seedling cultivation for Sambucus williamsii Hance.
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LY/T 3175-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3175-2020 (LY/T3175-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical regulations of seedling cultivation for Sambucus williamsii Hance. | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B61 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.40 | | Word Count Estimation | 11,155 | | Date of Issue | 2020-03-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-10-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement No. 6 of 2020 by the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 3175-2020: Technical regulations of seedling cultivation for Sambucus williamsii Hance.---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical regulations of seedling cultivation for Sambucus williamsii Hance.
ICS 65.020.40
B 61
LY
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Elderberry cultivation technical regulations
2020-03-30 released
2020-10-01 implementation
Issued by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Forest Seed Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC115).
Drafting organizations of this standard. Henan Academy of Forestry, Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jiyuan Forestry Research Institute, Henan
Karlov Gardening Co., Ltd., Henan Grand Municipal Garden Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Shen Zhiguo, Ding Xin, Guo Wei, Li Shanwen, Wang Wenzhan, Sun Meng, Cheng Jianming, Tang Zhenghui, Wang Ran, Jin Yu,
Shen Xihui, Xia Pengyun, Han Jian, Wu Fangfang, Zhao Suran.
Elderberry cultivation technical regulations
1 Scope
This standard specifies suitable areas for elderberry (Sambucus williamsii Hance.), sowing seedlings, cutting seedlings, grafting seedlings,
Cultivation of large seedlings, nursery and grading of seedlings, file management, directional cultivation, and pest control.
This standard applies to the cultivation of elderberry in suitable areas.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 5084 Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard
GB/T 6001 Technical Regulations for Nursery
GB/T 8321 (all parts) Guidelines for the rational use of pesticides
GB/T 15776 Technical Regulations for Afforestation
NY/T 1276 General Rules for the Safe Use of Pesticides
LY/T 2289 Forest Tree Seedling Production and Management File
LY/T 2290 Forest Tree Seedling Label
LY/T 2452 Elderberry Cultivation Technical Regulations
3 Suitable area
Northeast, North China, Central China, East China, Northwest to Gansu, Southwest to Yunnan, below 1600 meters above sea level, annual rainfall of 500 mm～1500 mm,
The area where the annual average temperature is 0℃～17℃, and the minimum temperature ≥-40℃.
4 Sowing seedlings
4.1 Fruit harvest
It is advisable to choose a good single plant or mother forest with strong growth, vigorous tree vigor, and no pests and diseases, and harvest when the fruits are fully mature from June to July.
4.2 Real treatment
Remove the sundries from the picked fruits, rub the pulp off, rinse the seeds repeatedly with clean water, take out the seeds, soak the seeds with 0.5% alkaline water for 30 minutes, and then use clean water.
Wash the seeds repeatedly with water. Seeds are selected from the water, and they are spread out in a ventilated place to dry, and are numbered and stored for later use.
4.3 Seed sand deposit
Spring sowing seeds need to be stored in sand. Before the soil is frozen (from late October to mid-November), the seeds should be soaked and disinfected with 2‰ potassium permanganate solution
For 0.5 h, remove and wash, soak the seeds in 40 ℃ warm water for 24 h, mix them with 3 times the seed's fine wet river sand and put them into the sand storage pit. Sand Pit Selection
Choose a dry place with a leeward wind and sunny, with a depth of 50 cm～60 cm and a width of 1 m. The length depends on the number of seeds. The bottom layer is wet sand with a thickness of 15 cm.
～20 cm, the middle layer of seeds and wet sand are evenly mixed and then spread flat, the thickness is 15 cm～20 cm, the upper layer is covered with wet sand, the thickness is 20 cm, every 100 cm
Set up a little straw or plastic pipe to ventilate. The wet sand used is kept moist and then held into a ball, which will disperse when touched. The sand will be hidden until early March of the following year.
It can also be stored in cold storage.
4.4 Selection of nursery
It is advisable to choose a plot with a sunny leeward, flat terrain, and good drainage and irrigation conditions, preferably loamy soil or sandy loam with a pH of 5.6 to 8.5.
4.5 Ground preparation for bed
The soil should be prepared before seedling cultivation, including plowing, harrowing, leveling, plowing depth of more than 25 cm, deep plowing and fine trimming, removing grass roots and stones, and leveling the ground
Dirt. Combine tillage and apply.2000 kg～2500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30 kg～50 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 m2, and carry out soil disinfection at the same time
For treatment, 30 kg of ferrous sulfate is applied per 667 m2, and the bed is flattened.
In rainy areas in the south, a high bed with a height of 20 cm ~ 30 cm should be used, and a flat bed or a low bed in the north, with a bed width of 1 m ~ 1.2 m, with sole water.
Prepare for sowing. Other measures shall be implemented with reference to GB/T 6001.
4.6 Seeding
4.6.1 Germination
When sowing in spring, take out the seeds in the sand before sowing, and place them in a greenhouse at about 20 ℃ to germinate, and sow when about 1/3 of the seeds are white.
4.6.2 Sowing time
Sowing in autumn, from early September to mid-November; sowing in spring, from mid-to-late March to mid-April.
4.6.3 Seeding rate
4.6.4 Sowing method
7 d to 10 d before sowing, the nursery is flooded with water. It is suitable for planting, the row spacing is 15 cm～20 cm, and the seeding depth is 1 cm～2 cm.
4.7 Post-cast management
After sowing, cover the grass curtain and spray water in time to keep the bed soil moist. When the emergence rate is about 50%, remove the grass curtain in time.
4.8 Field management
4.8.1 Thinning and setting seedlings
Thinning is carried out when the seedling height is 10 cm～15 cm, the dense seedlings and the diseased and weak seedlings are removed, and the plant spacing is 10 cm～15 cm.
4.8.2 Irrigation
Seedlings should be watered in time depending on the soil moisture during the growth period. Sprinkler irrigation should be used before the height of the seedlings is 10cm. Pay attention to drainage and flood prevention during the rainy season. Irrigation water
According to GB 5084.
4.8.3 Fertilization
Topdressing is done 3 to 4 times throughout the year, and spread to prevent sprinkling on plant leaves. From early mid-May to mid-July, topdressing urea 2 to 3 times, each time
10 kg/667m
2～15 kg/667m2; in early and mid-August, topdressing phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 10 kg/667m2～15 kg/667m2 once. Timely after fertilization
Watering.
4.8.4 Weeding
Remove weeds in time.
5 Cutting seedlings
5.1 Hardwood cuttings
5.1.1 Choose a place to make a bed
Same as 4.4 and 4.5.
5.1.2 Cutting collection
Choose one-year-old, robust, full, and disease-free varieties or dormant shoots of individual plants.
5.1.3 Cutting time
Early March to early April.
5.1.4 Cutting treatment
Remove the tips and cut into cuttings containing 2 to 3 pairs of full axillary buds. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat, 1 cm to 2 cm from the axillary buds, and the lower end of the cuttings is near the node
Cut into a horseshoe shape, 30 roots in a bundle, fully disinfect the cuttings before washing, and then soak the lower part of the cuttings with 50 mg/L-100 mg/L rooting powder for 2 hours after washing with clean water.
5.1.5 Cutting method
Before cutting, spray 25% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times evenly, disinfect the soil of the prepared seedbed, and level the surface of the bed. Cuttings
1 pair of buds are exposed at the time, plant spacing is 10 cm ~ 15 cm, row spacing is 15 cm ~ 20 cm, and water is poured once after insertion.
5.1.6 Post-plug management
Pay attention to timely irrigation in times of drought, drainage and prevention of waterlogging in rainy season, and pour enough frozen water before winter comes. Remove weeds in time. Fertilization is the same as 4.8.3.
5.2 Twig cuttings
5.2.1 Slotting preparation
Choose the open-air slotting bed or greenhouse slotting bed with spray facilities, the slotting bed width is 1 m～1.2 m, and the drainage is smooth.
5.2.2 Cutting substrate and container
River sand or perlite. Vermiculite. Peat is a 1.1.1 mixed matrix, sprayed evenly with 25% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times. Yizhuangying
Raising bowl cuttings, the caliber of the nutrition bowl is 12 cm ~ 14 cm, the height is 12 cm ~ 14 cm, and they are neatly placed on the slotting bed.
5.2.3 Cutting collection
Choose semi-lignified branches that have been well-developed, robust, and free from pests and diseases.
5.2.4 Cutting time
Summer from June to July. Just pick and insert.
5.2.5 Cutting treatment
Remove the tips, cut into cuttings containing 2 to 3 pairs of full axillary buds, and retain part of the top 1 pair of leaves. Cut the upper end of the cuttings flat,
The axillary buds are 1 cm～2 cm, the lower end of the cuttings are cut into a horseshoe shape, 30 roots in a bundle, fully disinfected before cutting, and then washed with water and then used 50 mg/L～
Soak the socket with 100 mg/L rooting powder for 2 h.
5.2.6 Cutting method
Insert the processed cuttings into a nutrient bowl or directly on a seedbed with a substrate. The row spacing is about 15 cm, and the depth is about
1/2 of the strip length.
5.2.7 Management after plugging
Spray water once immediately after insertion. In the early stage of cutting, the temperature is high at noon, so the number of sprays should be increased to keep the leaves moist. Spray every 10 d or so
Sprinkle 600-800 times carbendazim once. After the young roots are formed, appropriately reduce the time and frequency of spraying water, and spray 0.2%～0.3% urine on the leaf surface every 15 days or so.
Vegetarian 1 time, from late August to mid-September, foliar spraying 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 15 days. Clear the seedbed weeds in time, and
Pay attention to ventilation.
6 Grafting seedlings
6.1 Garden selection
Same as 4.4.
6.2 Scion preparation
Collect robust, disease-free and pest-free annual woody branches from the seed-harvesting nursery or excellent mother trees as scions, and collect them during the dormant period.
Store in wet sand in a cool place for later use.
6.3 Rootstock selection
Generally, elderberry seedlings that are 1 to 2 years old and have a ground diameter of 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm are used as rootstocks.
6.4 Grafting period
In spring, the rootstock sap begins to flow to 10 days after germination.
6.5 Grafting method
6.5.1 Budding with xylem
Cut diagonally from 1.5 cm above the full bud of the scion into the xylem to the bottom of the bud, and then cut diagonally 2 cm below the bud to remove the bud.
Cut out an interface that is consistent with the shape of the bud at the distance of 8 cm to 10 cm from the ground.
Tie the cloth tightly from bottom to top. After grafting, cut dry 20 cm above the interface.
6.5.2 Splitting
Cut the rootstock at a distance of 8 cm～10 cm from the ground, split from the middle of the rootstock to a depth of 1.5 cm, and select a scion that is slightly finer than the rootstock.
The upper part of the scion is cut off at 2 cm from the bud, and the lower end is cut into a smooth wedge at 2 cm～3 cm from the bud, and then inserted into the split rootstock to fit tightly.
Align the cambium and tie it tightly with plastic cloth.
6.6 Management after connection
6.6.1 Budding with xylem
Check the survival status 15 days later, make up for the unsurvived buds in time, cut the anvil 1.5 cm～2 cm above the buds after survival, and remove sprouts in time.
Unbound after 45 days.
6.6.2 Splitting
Check the survival situation after 15 days, make up for the unsurvival in time, remove sprouts in time after survival, avoid touching the scion, and untie it after about 60 days.
6.7 Field management
Same as 4.8.
7 Large seedling cultivation
7.1 Single dry seedling
Choose 1-2 year old seedlings, close planting and drier, planting plants with a row spacing of 0.5 m×1 m, and remove sprout frequently. Generally, it is determined when the dry height is 1 m～1.5 m
Dry, promote shoots and cultivate the crown. In the later stage, seedlings can be appropriately thinned according to needs, and large-sized seedlings can be continued to be cultivated.
7.2 Cluster seedlings
Choose 1-2 year-old seedlings, short cut seedlings and cutting seedlings 3 cm～5 cm above the ground, and graft seedlings 3 cm～5 cm above the grafting interface
Short cut, grafted seedlings should be timely removed from the rootstock. The row spacing of planting plants was 1 m×1.5 m in the early stage. In the later stage, the seedlings can be appropriately thinned according to needs,
Continue to cultivate large-scale seedlings.
8 Nursery and grading
8.1 Seedling
After deciduous leaves in autumn to before soil freezing or in spring after soil thawing to before buds sprout, it should be connected with the planting time, 5 days before the emergence of seedlings.
7 d irrigate thoroughly, keep the root system intact when the seedlings emerge, and plant them as soon as they start. If they cannot be planted in time, fake planting is required.
8.2 Classification and labeling
See Appendix A. Labeling shall be implemented according to LY/T 2290.
8.3 Packaging and transportation
According to GB/T 6001.
9 Targeted cultivation
9.1 Landscape forest cultivation
9.1.1 Seedling selection
It is advisable to choose large seedlings of high-quality varieties with high ornamental value for planting, requiring no pests and diseases, and strong seedlings.
9.1.2 Site preparation
Hole-like soil preparation, dig holes at the position marked for planting points, the size is determined according to the size of the seedlings, more than 10 cm larger than the root width, and each hole is decomposed
Organic fertilizer 5 kg～10 kg.
9.1.3 Planting
It should be carried out in late autumn to before the soil is frozen or after the soil is thawed to before budding in early spring. It is advisable to bring soil ball for planting, the diameter of the soil ball is according to the seedling regulations
The grid is determined, generally about 8 times the ground diameter, about 40 cm to 60 cm. The planting depth is 3 cm～5 cm higher than the original depth of the seedling after the soil has settled
It is advisable to water the planting water in time after planting.
The planting density is carried out according to the operation design, and the general plant row spacing is 1.5 m～2 m×2 m～2.5 m.
9.1.4 Tending Management
Scenic forests require strong viewing. In addition to normal watering and weeding, tending management focuses on pruning and shaping. The single-dry type requires frequent removal of sprouts, and the clump type focuses on
Remove dead branches and old branches and renew and rejuvenate in time.
9.2 Economic forest cultivation
Refer to LY/T 2452 for execution.
9.3 Ecological forest cultivation
9.3.1 Seedling selection
It is generally planted in mountainous and hilly areas or slopes, and 1 to 2 year-old seedlings are often used for afforestation, requiring no pests and diseases, and strong branches and roots. should
Nutrient bowl seedlings afforestation.
9.3.2 Site preparation
Site preparation is carried out in conjunction with topographical characteristics. For gentle slopes below 5°, whole garden or cave-like ground preparation can be adopted, combined with site preparation, digging drainage ditches, and planting rows
It is north-south direction; in hilly or mountainous areas, terraces, horizontal steps, fish-scale pits or cave-like ground preparation methods can be used, and the planting rows are extended along the contour lines. whole
Apply 1500 kg to.2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 m2 or 3 kg to 5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole.
9.3.3 Planting
Same as 9.1.3.The planting density is carried out according to the operation design, and the general plant row spacing is 1 m×2 m.
9.3.4 Tending Management
The elderberry grows faster, and the tending management should be strengthened. The specific measures are implemented in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB/T 15776.
10 Disease and pest control
See Appendix B for the main pest control methods. The use of pesticides complies with the regulations of GB/T 8321 and NY/T 1276.
11 File management
11.1 File creation
The nursery should establish nursery files, formulate management systems, and fill in files in a timely and accurate manner.
11.2 File content
The content and time of each work should be recorded. Sowing and raising seedlings includes soil preparation method, soil disinfection, seed source and treatment, sowing amount, sowing
Methods, emergence period, thinning and fixed seedling period, soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control methods, seedling growth indicators, quality and quantity of seedlings out of the nursery, etc.
Cutting nursery includes cutting bed condition, substrate disinfection, source and treatment of cuttings, cutting method, cutting density, post-cutting management, soil fertilizer
Water management and pest control methods, seedling growth indicators, quality and quantity of seedlings out of the nursery, etc.
Grafting seedlings includes the source of scion, collection time, storage method, rootstock situation, grafting method, graft survival rate, post-grafting management,
Seedling growth indicators, quality and quantity of seedlings out of the nursery, etc.
Other contents shall be executed according to LY/T 2289.
11.3 File storage
The responsibility for the preservation of the archives shall be assigned to the individual, and the reviewer and the supervisor shall sign and file the archives for long-term preservation after the archives are recorded.
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Elderberry seedling quality classification
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