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LY/T 3111-2019: General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo
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General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo
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LY/T 3111-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3111-2019 (LY/T3111-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B60 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 13,178 | | Date of Issue | 2019-10-23 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-04-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 3111-2019: General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo
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(General principles for zoo terrestrial wildlife disease prevention and control technology)
ICS 65.020.99
B 60
LY
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
General principles for zoo terrestrial wildlife disease prevention and control technology
General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious
diseases in zoo
2019-10-23 released
2020-04-01 implementation
Published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration
Contents
Foreword ... II
1 Scope ... 1
2 Normative references ... 1
3 Terms and definitions ... 1
4 General ... 2
5 Monitoring ... 2
6 Disinfection ... 2
7 Immunization ... 3
8 Deworming ... 3
9 Prevention ... 4
10 Quarantine ... 4
11 Disposal of sick animals ... 4
Appendix A (informative appendix) List of key zoomonitoring epidemics ... 6
Appendix B (informative) Conventional chemical disinfection methods in zoos ... 11
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules of GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for the Management and Operation of Wildlife Conservation.
This standard was drafted by the State Forestry Administration's Forest Disease and Pest Control Station. The Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Shanghai Zoo and other units participated in the drafting.
The main drafters of this standard. Geng Haidong, Xie Linhong, Chai Hongliang, Pei Enle, Sun Weiyang, Xu Yu, Gui Jianfeng, Huang Kangning, Zhang Xiaotian,
Peng Peng, Li Jinghao, Qin Siyuan, Sun Heting, Chu Dong, Gao Yuwei, Li Yiliang, Hou Zhijun, Teng Liwei
This standard was first issued.
General principles for zoo terrestrial wildlife disease prevention and control technology
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general principles for the prevention and control of terrestrial wildlife diseases in zoos, monitoring, disinfection, immunization, deworming, prevention, isolation and inspection.
Technical requirements for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases such as epidemic disease and treatment of diseased animals.
This standard applies to the monitoring and control of terrestrial wildlife epidemic diseases in zoos.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 18448.1 Test methods for ectoparasites in laboratory animals
GB/T 18635 Basic terms of animal epidemic prevention
CJJ/T 240 Zoo Terminology Standard
LY/T 2359 Technical Specification for Epidemic Disease Monitoring of Terrestrial Wildlife
3 terms and definitions
GB/T 18635, CJJ/T 240, LY/T 2359 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Zoo
Places where wild animals are displayed and open to the public, including urban zoos, safari parks, specialized zoos, and tourist attractions
Animal exhibition area, etc.
3.2
Health assessment
Through a comprehensive analysis of the animal's mental condition, physical condition, appetite and other observations over a certain period of time, and the animal's food habits and habitat
Environmental changes, breeding and illness, etc., and the results of animal health status.
3.3
Captive terrestrial animal
Species or populations of animals raised in captivity with no change in biological characteristics, including mammals,
Birds, reptiles and amphibians.
3.4
Stray animal
Owned dogs, cats, and other animals scattered in major urban parks, communities, and urban-rural junctions.
4 General
4.1 The prevention and control of zoo's terrestrial wildlife epidemic should follow the principle of "prevention first, combination of prevention and control, and prevention over treatment".
4.2 The terrestrial wildlife epidemic source epidemic disease monitoring and control management system shall be formulated, and emergency terrestrial wildlife epidemic emergency plans shall be prepared.
An emergency response reserve team composed of veterinary and other professional and technical personnel, and regularly organizes drills.
4.3 According to the species of terrestrial wild animals in captivity, the epidemic status and susceptibility of animal epidemics in the local and garden, etc.
Seeding, deworming and other operating procedures.
4.4 The management of tourists should be standardized, and personal protection of relevant personnel such as breeders, veterinarians, etc. should be done to avoid cross infection of humans and animals.
4.5 Monitoring, disinfection, immunization, deworming, drug prevention, quarantine, treatment of diseased animals and disposal of dead animals should be established.
4.6 The zoo shall conduct environmental management and control of pests such as rats, mosquitoes and flies.
5 Monitoring
5.1 Daily monitoring
5.1.1 According to the species of captive terrestrial wildlife, the distribution of terrestrial wildlife and stray animals in the park and surrounding areas,
The epidemic situation of animal diseases, the monitoring frequency, inspection routes and fixed observation points shall be determined.
5.1.2 The breeder should respond daily to the mental state, physical condition, appetite, behavior, excrement, and form of the captive terrestrial wild animals that are fed.
Line observation.
5.1.3 Professional and technical personnel such as veterinarians should regularly inspect terrestrial wild animals and stray animals in and around the park in accordance with the established inspection routes and observation points
Monitoring of areas with concentrated activities.
5.1.4 Health assessment of captive terrestrial wildlife should be conducted annually.
5.2 Special monitoring
5.2.1 Monitoring of terrestrial wildlife disease pathogens and monitoring of immune antibody levels against major animal diseases can be performed. Name of the zoo's key surveillance epidemic
See Appendix A.
5.2.2 The terrestrial wildlife and stray animals in and around the park should be included in special monitoring, and swab samples and environmental samples should be collected regularly
And blood samples for pathogenic and serological surveillance of major terrestrial wildlife diseases.
6 Disinfection
6.1 Feeding environment and visiting environment should be included in the disinfection scope.
6.2 The disinfectant should be selected with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and replaced regularly. See Appendix B for general chemical disinfection methods in zoos.
6.3 There should be no animal activity during disinfection. Animals should not be allowed in until the indoor space is disinfected and ventilated.
The medicament and disinfection method used are determined.
6.4 When disinfecting the inner house, it should be cleaned, rinsed, and then sprayed with disinfectant evenly. Sprayers for walls, perches, and outbuildings
Spray disinfection, or spray disinfectant directly, or flame spray disinfection.
6.5 There should be a disinfection tank or disinfection pad at the entrance and exit of the operation channel, and it should be kept moist. The disinfection tank or disinfection pad should be cleaned once a day and replaced in time.
disinfectant. When the temperature is low, quicklime can be used instead of disinfectant.
6.6 Temporary disinfection should be carried out when.
a) When infectious diseases occur, thoroughly disinfect the animal cages, rescue tools and surrounding environment, and the frequency and range of disinfection
Determined according to the outbreak situation;
b) New cages (cages) or long-term idle cages (cages) should be disinfected before use;
c) Animals with parasitic diseases should be disinfected once after deworming;
d) During the treatment of diseased animals, disinfect the treatment room once a day, and perform a comprehensive disinfection once the treatment is completed. Excreta, vomit
Wait for centralized cleaning and harmless treatment;
e) During artificial hatching, the hatching equipment and the surface of the eggs should be disinfected before hatching.
6.7 Domestic garbage should be collected and treated in a centralized manner. Pollutants and medical waste from breeding should be treated harmlessly.
7 Immunization
7.1 The formulation of immunization procedures should comprehensively consider the occurrence of animal diseases in the region and the requirements of relevant government departments, and focus on
Immunization against diseases.
--Bird animals. bird flu, Newcastle disease, pox;
-Canines. rabies, canine distemper, canine parvovirus;
--Felines. rabies, canine distemper, feline distemper;
-Artiodactyl. Foot-and-mouth disease, Clostridium weedii.
7.2 Inoculated animals should meet the following conditions.
a) The condition of the animal to be vaccinated should be healthy;
b) Newborn infants should be vaccinated in time as required;
c) Individuals affected by stress factors such as capture and transportation, diseased individuals and individuals during reproduction should postpone the vaccination time.
7.3 Vaccination should meet the following requirements.
a) It should be carried out in accordance with the prescribed dosage and vaccination method, and vaccines with changed characteristics must not be used;
b) if there is a need to change the dosage and vaccination method, there should be a reliable basis;
c) The vaccine used for the first time should be tested in a small area to confirm that there is no abnormality before use in the whole group.
7.4 After vaccination, the animal's response should be observed. If adverse reactions occur, or if infectious disease is suspected, isolation and treatment should be taken immediately.
emergency procedures.
7.5 In the event of an epidemic, emergency immunization may be implemented as needed and feasible.
7.6 For terrestrial wildlife during the quarantine period, the immunization situation should be investigated first. Those who are not immunized should be vaccinated one week after arriving at the quarantine site.
Two weeks after the inoculation, it is determined that there is no abnormality before entering the park; for those who have been quarantined, the quarantine certificate should be checked, and those who meet the requirements can enter the park.
8 Deworming
8.1 Regular preventive deworming should be carried out once a year in spring and autumn.
8.2 The ectoparasite deworming should be combined with environmental management, pest control and disinfection. See GB/T for ectoparasite detection methods
18448.1.
8.3 Before ectoparasites are driven, the feces should be collected for parasite egg inspection. The sampling rate of group-raised animals should be the number of the population.
20% -30%, the focus of inspection of different types of animals is as follows.
-Mammals from tropical and subtropical areas (south of the Yangtze River) should be checked for flukes;
-Primates should be checked for tapeworms, tuberculosis, whipworms and protozoa;
-Carnivores should check tapeworms, hookworms and tapeworms;
-Poultry should be checked for coccidia, tapeworms, acnes and malaria parasites;
-Herbivores should be checked for tapeworms, whipworms and flukes;
-Reptiles should be checked for tapeworms.
8.4 Deworming should meet the following requirements.
a) Calculate the dose according to the weight of the animal.
b) The administration time should be arranged in the morning, and the animals should be closely observed after feeding;
c) The deworming time should avoid the animal breeding period;
d) Deworming work should be combined with disinfection work. Feces should be cleaned in time every day, and cages and places should be carried out after 3 days of administration.
disinfection;
e) When multiple parasitic infections occur, drugs with sensitive effects and low toxic and side effects should be used first. Deworming medicines should be changed regularly to avoid
Develop drug resistance;
f) For individuals who are positive for the parasite survey or have clinical symptoms of parasitic infection, antiparasites may be fed from time to time according to the situation
Drugs for deworming. For frail individuals, deworming should be suspended. In special cases, if insect repellence is required, it can be given in small doses and multiple times;
g) After completion of the deworming of infected animals, the eggs should be inspected to evaluate the deworming effect.
8.5 Animals in the quarantine period shall, after obtaining the consent of the inspection and quarantine agency, perform a fecal parasite egg inspection within one week of arriving at the quarantine site.
9 prevention
9.1 During the high incidence of animal diseases or terrestrial wildlife diseases in the park, susceptible animals should be given preventive drugs to prevent the disease
Occur and spread.
9.2 Preventive medication should follow the principle of "alternate medication and regular replacement". Generally, conventional drugs are selected, and drug sensitivity tests should be performed before changing drugs.
Test, choose drugs with high sensitivity.
9.3 Prophylactic dosages and usages should be based on dosages and methods recommended by the drug manufacturer. Increase the preventive dose to the epidemic
Therapeutic dose.
9.4 When administered by feed or water, they should be mixed well. Through the feed administration, a stirring method of mixing step by step from small to large should be adopted;
Care should be taken to allow the drug to fully dissolve when administered through drinking water.
10 Quarantine
10.1 Quarantine and quarantine of imported animals shall be carried out by entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments in accordance with regulations.
10.2 The quarantine of imported animals in China shall meet the following requirements.
a) The quarantine should be carried out at the quarantine site. When it cannot be carried out at the quarantine site, it can be observed in situ isolation, but it should still be treated as a quarantine animal;
b) Non-destructive inspections can be conducted on quarantine animals after they have adapted to the quarantine environment, and other project inspections can be implemented as needed;
c) Animals during the quarantine period should be regarded as diseased individuals. Breeders and veterinarians should strengthen observation, and do protection and disinfection. Irrelevant personnel.
Not approach
d) Animals in the quarantine period should be treated when they are diagnosed with common diseases. Individuals who have recovered from treatment should be re-confirmed according to the disease
Fixed isolation time. When a serious infectious disease is diagnosed, it shall be carried out in accordance with relevant national regulations;
e) The isolation period for large and medium-sized animals is 45 days, and the isolation period for small animals is 30 days.
10.3 Animals whose quarantine period has expired shall be issued a quarantine certificate by the quarantine department or the competent veterinarian.
11 Disposal of diseased animals
11.1 Information on animals that are sick or suspected to have died should be reported in accordance with LY/T 2359.
11.2 Diseased animals shall be raised, treated separately, and isolated and disinfected.
11.3 Except for suspected severe infectious diseases such as anthrax, post-mortem examinations should be performed by veterinary personnel to determine the cause of death.
11.3.1 Preparation for post-mortem examination shall meet the following requirements.
a) Except for large animals, no autopsy is allowed in the cage;
b) During the transportation of animal carcasses, the dead carcasses should be covered and kept closed;
c) Post-mortem personnel should take appropriate personal protective measures.
11.3.2 The autopsy process shall meet the following requirements.
a) Basic data should be measured for necropsy;
b) According to the opinion of veterinarians, biological samples can be collected for microbiological, pathological and toxicological tests, and the samples can be retained
for future reference;
c) The text records, images, inspection reports, etc. during animal anatomy should be entered into the animal medical file storage system.
11.4 Dead cages or treatment rooms should adopt corresponding biosafety measures according to the results of post-mortem examination.
Its by-products should be properly stored or harmlessly disposed according to regulations.
AA
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
List of key zoo surveillance diseases
A.1 Type I blight (15 species)
Foot and mouth disease
Swine vesicular disease
Classical swine fever
African swine fever
Nipah virus disease
African horse sickness
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Lumpy skin disease
Scratch
Bluetongue
Peste des petits ruminants
Sheep pox and goat pox
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Newcastle disease
A.2 Type II blight (147 species)
A.2.1 Multiple species diseases (28 species)
Rabies
Brucellosis
Anthrax
Aujeszky's disease (Pseudorabies)
Clostridium perfringens infections
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)
Toxoplasmosis
Echinococcosis
Leptospirosis
Schmallenberg disease
Piroplasmosis
Japanese encephalitis
Trichinosis
Tularemia
Vesicular stomatitis
West Nile fever
Rift Valley fever
Tuberculosis
New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)
Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana)
Q Fever Q Fever
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
Trypanosoma Evansi infection (including Surra)
Leishmaniasis
Pasteurellosis
Deer Epidemic Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer
Heartwater
Malioidosis
A.2.2 Bovine diseases (8 species)
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/Infectious
pustular vulvovaginitis
Malignant catarrhal fever
Bovine leukemia Enzootic bovine leukosis
Bovine anaplasmosis
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis
Bovine viral diarrhoea/Mucosal disease
Akabane disease
Cattle Hypodermosis
A.2.3 Equine diseases (10 species)
Equine infectious anaemia
Equine epidemic lymphangitis
Equine Glanders
Equine viral arteritis
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern and Western)
Contagious equine metritis
Hendra virus disease
Equine strangles
Equine ulcerative lymphangitis
A.2.4 Swine diseases (13 species)
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Porcine parvovirus infection
Swine erysipelas
Swine streptococosis
Atrophic rhinitis of swine
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia
Porcine circovirus infection
Glaesser's disease (Haemophilus parasuis)
Swine influenza
Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine
Porcine Teshichovirus Encephalomyelitis (formerly known as Porcine Enterovirus Encephalomyelitis, Jeschen, or Tarfan Disease)
encephalomyelitis (previously Enterovirus encephalomyelitis or Teschen/T alfan disease)
Swine dysentery
Infectious pleuropneumonia of swine
A.2.5 Avian diseases (20 species)
Duck virus enteritis
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
Avian infectious bronchitis
Infectious bursal disease
Marek's disease
Avian egg drop syndrome
Avian leukosis
Fowl pox
Duck virus hepatitis
Goose parvovirus infection
Chicken white pudding Pullorum disease
Fowl typhoid
Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synovialis), Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma Gallisepticum,
M.synoviae)
Low pathogenic avian influenza
Avian Reticuloendotheliosis
Avian chlamydiosis
Avian viral arthritis
Avian spirochaetosis
Leukocytozoonosis (acute white crown disease)
Avian paratyphoid
A.2.6 Sheep and goat diseases (4 species)
Caprine arthritis/encephalitis
Maedi-visna
Border disease
Contagious pustular dermertitis (Contagious Echyma)
A.3 Diseases of other animals (14 species)
Chronic wasting disease of deer
Rabbit Myxomatosis
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Monkey pox Monkey pox
Cercopithecine Herpesvirus Type I (B virus) infectious
diseases
Simian virus immunodeficiency syndrome
Ebola virus disease
Marburg virus disease
Canine distemper
Infectious canine hepatitis
Canine parvovirus infection
Mink aleutian disease
Mink viral enteritis
Feline panleucopenia (Feline infectious enteritis)
A.4 Other diseases (42 species)
A.4.1 Multiple species diseases
Colibacillosis
Listeriosis
Actinomycosis
Fasciolasis
Filariasis
Eperythrozoonosis
Staphylococcosis
Schistosomiasis
Mange
A.4.2 Bovine diseases (5 species)
Bovine ephemeral fever
Trichomonosis
Chuzan disease
Ibaraki disease
Dermatophilosis
A.4.3 Equine diseases (4 types)
Equine influenza Equine influenza
Equine rhinopneumonitis
Equine Dourine
Equine paratyphoid (Salmonella abortus) Equine paratyphoid (Salmonella Abortus Equi.)
A.4.4 Swine diseases (3 types)
Swine salmonellosis
Porcine epizootic diarrhea
Porcine cysticercosis
A.4.5 Avian diseases (6 species)
Avian infectious encephalomyelitis
Infectious coryza
Avian nephritis
Avian coccidiosis
Turkey rhinotracheitis
Riemerella anatipestifer infection
A.4.6 Sheep and goat diseases (7 species)
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Caseous lymphadenitis
Enzootic abortion of ewes (Ovine chlamydiosis)
Contagious agalactia
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
Salmonellosis (S. abortusovis)
Nairobi sheep disease
A.4.7 Diseases of other animals (6 species)
Rabbit coccidiosis
Camel pox
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Mouse pox
Sendai virus infectious disease
Mouse hepatitis
BB
Appendix B
(Informative appendix)
Zoo conventional chemical disinfection methods
Disinfection method
Outdoor surface
500mg ～ 1000mg/L Dibromohydan spray 500 ml/m2 for 30 min
1000mg/L ～.2000mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant spraying 500 ml/m2 60 min ～ 120 min
0.2% ～ 1% peroxyacetic acid spraying.200 ml/m2 ～ 500 ml/m2 for 60 min
Spray 20 g/m2 ～ 40 g/m2 bleaching powder 120 min ～ 240 min
Interior surface
500mg/L ～ 1000mg/L Dibromine spray 100 ml/m2 ～ 500 ml/m2 for 30 min
1000mg/L ～.2000mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant spraying 100 ml/m2 ～ 500 ml/m2 60 min ～ 120 min
0.2% ～ 0.5% peroxyacetic acid spraying.200 ml/m2 ～ 400 ml/m2 60 min
Indoor air 0.5% peroxyacetic acid fumigation 1 g/m3 120 min
appliance
Ozone water rinse ≥12 mg/L 60 min ～ 90 min
Chlorine-containing disinfectant 250 mg/L ～ 500 mg/L 15 min ～ 30 min
Water body with chlorine disinfectant 2 g/m ～ 5 g/m3
Sewage 10% ～ 20% bleaching powder solution and mix well 10 mg/L ～ 70 mg/L 30 min ～ 120 min
Feces bleaching powder, dry powder and mix well 1. 5 120 min ～ 360 min
Vehicle 2% peroxyacetic acid aerosol spray 8 ml/m3 60 min
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