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GB 30615-2014: National Food Safety Standard -- Food Additives -- Antioxidant of Bamboo-leaf
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Basic data

Standard ID	GB 30615-2014 (GB30615-2014)
Description (Translated English)	National Food Safety Standard -- Food Additives -- Antioxidant of Bamboo-leaf
Sector / Industry	National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard	C53
Classification of International Standard	67.020
Word Count Estimation	17,173
Date of Issue	4/29/2014
Date of Implementation	11/1/2014
Regulation (derived from)	National Health and Family Planning Commission Bulletin No. 7, 2014
Issuing agency(ies)	National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China
Summary	This Standard specifies the order Phyllostachys (Phyllostachys Siet. Et Zucc) bamboo leaves as raw material, extraction, refining of food additives antioxidant of bamboo leaves.

GB 30615-2014: National Food Safety Standard -- Food Additives -- Antioxidant of Bamboo-leaf

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(Food additives bamboo antioxidants) National Standards of People's Republic of China National standards for food safety Food Additives Bamboo Leaf Antioxidant Released.2014-04-29 2014-11-01 implementation People's Republic of China National Health and Family Planning Commission released National standards for food safety Food Additives Bamboo Leaf Antioxidant

1 Scope

This standard applies to the raw materials of the bamboo leaves of Phyllostachys Siet.EzZucc, which are extracted and refined. Addition of bamboo leaf antioxidant. Note. The raw material for the production of food additives bamboo leaf antioxidant bamboo leaves for the angiosperms (Angiospermae), monocotyledon (Monocotyledonae), Graminales, Graminae, Bambusoideae, Phyllostachys, Variety 1 year ~ 2 years old leaves.

2 classification

Bamboo leaf antioxidants are divided into water-soluble products and fat-soluble products according to their solubility. The water-soluble products, the main active ingredient for the bamboo leaves Glycyrrhizin (orientin glycosides, orientin, vitexin, isovitexin) and p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, etc .; fat-soluble products, the main active ingredient The esterification products of coumaric acid, ferulic acid, alfalfa and bamboo leaf flavonoids. 3 chemical composition of the main components, structural formula, molecular formula and relative molecular mass 3.1 iso-orientin 3.1.1 Chemical name 5,7,3 ', 4'-tetrahydroxyflavone-6-C-glucoside. 3.1.2 Molecular formula C21H20O11. 3.1.3 Structural formula 3.1.4 Relative molecular mass 448.38 (according to.2007 International relative atomic mass). 3.2 on coumaric acid 3.2.1 Chemical name 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-propenoic acid. 3.2.2 Molecular formula C9H8O3. 3.2.3 Structural formula 3.2.4 Relative molecular mass 164.16 (according to.2007 International relative atomic mass).

4 technical requirements

4.1 sensory requirements Sensory requirements shall comply with the requirements of Table 1. Table 1 sensory requirements The project requires a test method Color yellow to yellow brown or brown, moisture when the color gradient deep odor Water-soluble products with a typical bamboo leaves fragrance; fat-soluble products clear Fragrance, slightly ester flavor State powder, allowing a small amount of particles Take the appropriate sample in a 50 mL beaker and observe the color under natural light Ze and state, smell the smell 4.2 physical and chemical indicators Physical and chemical indicators should be consistent with the provisions of Table 2. Table 2 Physical and chemical indicators project index Water-soluble fat-soluble Testing method Total phenol (mass fraction) /% ≥ 40.0 20.0 Appendix A A.4 Dietary orientin (mass fraction) /% ≥ 2.0 - A.5 On coumaric acid (mass fraction) /% ≥ - 0.5 A.6 Water solubility (25 ° C)/(g/100g) ≥ 6.0 - A.7 Table 2 (continued) project index Water-soluble fat-soluble Testing method Ethyl acetate Solubility (25 ° C)/(g/100g) ≥ - 3.0 A.8 Residue on ignition (mass fraction) /% ≤ 5.0 3.0 A.9 Drying (mass fraction) /% ≤ 8.0 GB 5009.3 Total arsenic (in As)/(mg/kg) ≤ 3.0 GB/T 5009.11 or GB/T 5009.76 Lead (Pb)/(mg/kg) ≤ 2.0 GB 5009.12 or GB/T 5009.75 Note. Water-soluble products can be diluted with dextrin.

Appendix A

Testing method A.1 Safety Tips Some of the reagents used in this standard test method are toxic or corrosive and operate in accordance with the relevant regulations and should be handled with care. If splashing To the skin should be immediately rinse with water, severe cases should be treated immediately. When using volatile acids, do it in a fume hood. A.2 General provisions The reagents and water used in this standard, when not specified in other requirements, refer to the analysis of pure reagents and GB/T 6682 provides three levels of water. test The standard solution, impurity standard solution, preparation and preparation used in the test shall be classified according to GB/T 601, GB/T 602, GB/T 603. The solution used in the test refers to the aqueous solution when it is not specified in the formulation of the solvent. A.3 Identification test A.3.1 Identification of chemical reagents A.3.1.1 Reagents and materials A.3.1.1.1 Ethanol aqueous solution (95 5). A.3.1.1.2 Ferric chloride ethanol solution. 10g/L. A.3.1.1.3 Aluminum trichloride ethanol solution. 10g/L. A.3.1.2 Identification method A.3.1.2.1 Weigh about 0.5g sample dissolved in 100mL ethanol, take this solution 1mL drop 2 drops to 3 drops of ferric chloride ethanol solution, The solution was dark blue or blue-violet. A.3.1.2.2 Weigh about 0.5g sample dissolved in 100mL ethanol, take 1mL of this solution drop 2 drops to 3 drops of aluminum trichloride ethanol solution, The solution was bright yellow. A.3.2 Spectral identification A.3.2.1 Identification of infrared transmission spectra Using potassium bromide compression method, in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 6040 test, the infrared spectrum of the sample should be consistent with the control map (control chart See Appendix B). A.3.2.2 UV absorption spectroscopy identification Weigh about 15mg sample dissolved in 100mL chromatography pure methanol, in the wavelength range of.200nm ~ 600nm UV scan, try The UV spectrum should be consistent with the control map (see Appendix C for the control chart). A.3.3 Analysis of active ingredients and their fingerprints A.3.3.1 Methodological summary The samples were chromatographed on pure methanol and acetonitrile-acetic acid aqueous solution (99) as the mobile phase. The liquid chromatographic column and purple External detector or diode array detector, with containing tangent glycosides, orientin, isovitexin, vitexin, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, Wei acid and other eight reference standard of the standard map and sample map were compared to determine the effective components of bamboo leaf antioxidant products and category differences. A.3.3.2 Reagents and materials A.3.3.2.1 Acetonitrile (chromatographic purity). A.3.3.2.2 Methanol (chromatographic purity). A.3.3.2.3 glacial acetic acid (excellent grade pure). A.3.3.2.4 Water (ultrapure water). A.3.3.2.5 Contaminine, orientin, isovitexin, vitexin, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid standard. purity ≥ 98.0%. A.3.3.2.6 Mixing solution. Weigh each of the eight reference substances (A.3.3.2.5) each 5mg (accurate to 0.0001g), dissolved with methanol and Set to 10mL, mix, set the refrigerator to save, this solution is 8 standard reference mixture solution. A.3.3.3 Instruments and equipment A.3.3.3.1 High performance liquid chromatograph. A.3.3.3.2 UV detector. variable wavelength. A.3.3.3.3 Data processing systems. Chromatographic workstations or data processors. A.3.3.4 Reference chromatographic conditions The recommended columns and typical operating conditions are shown in Table A.1. Determination of Antioxidant Fingerprints of Bamboo Leaves A typical high performance liquid chromatogram is given in Appendix D In D.1 and D.2. Other columns and chromatographic operating conditions that can achieve the same degree of separation can be used. Table A.1 Columns and Typical Chromatographic Operating Conditions Project operating conditions Column C18ODS column, column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm, built-in C18 filler, particle size 5μm or equivalent Column temperature/℃ 40 Mobile phase A. acetonitrile; B. acetic acid aqueous solution (1 99) Gradient elution conditions 0min ~ 15min, A15%, B85%; 15min ~ 25min, A15% ~ 40%, B85% ~ 60% 34min, A40%, B60%; 34min ~ 40min, A40% ~ 15%, B60% ~ 85% Flow rate/(mL/min) 1 Detector detection wavelength/nm 330 Injection volume/μL 10 A.3.3.5 Analysis steps A.3.3.5.1 Sample handling Accurately weighed the sample 100mg (accurate to 0.0001g), dissolved in methanol and volume to 100mL, through the microporous membrane (0.45μm) over Filter, that sample solution. A.3.3.5.2 Specimen determination Accurately absorb the sample solution 10μL, in the specified chromatographic conditions, the chromatographic analysis to retain the time qualitative. The sample is highly liquid The chromatogram should be consistent with the control map (see Appendix D for the control chart). A.4 Determination of total phenol A.4.1 Methodological Summary Folin (Folin) reagents in alkaline conditions, very unstable, can reduce the phenolic compounds and blue reaction. Concentrated in p-hydroxybenzoic acid Degree of 0.0005mg/mL ~ 0.016mg/mL range, the concentration and absorbance in line with Beer's law, available p-hydroxybenzoic acid as a control The product was subjected to quantitative colorimetric determination of the total phenol content of the sample. A.4.2 Reagents and materials A.4.2.1 Ethanol aqueous solution (3 7). A.4.2.2 Ethanol aqueous solution (9 1). A.4.2.3 Sodium carbonate solution..200 g/L. A.4.2.4 Standard for p-hydroxybenzoic acid. purity ≥98.0%. A.4.2.5 Standard solution of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. 0.250mg/mL, weighed 25.0mg of dried p-hydroxybenzoic acid standard, Ethanol solution (A.4.2.1) was dissolved and set to 100 mL. A.4.2.6 Fulin Reagent (prepared or purchased). 100 g of sodium tungstate (Na2WO4 · 2H2O) was placed in a.2000 mL mill flask, 25 g of sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4 2H2O), 700 mL of water, 50 mL of 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), 100 mL of hydrochloric acid, After 10h, remove the condenser, add 50g of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4), 50mL of water and a few drops of bromine water (99%), shake, in the fume hood, Then boil for 15min to remove excess bromine, after cooling, add water to volume to 1000mL, mix evenly, filter. The reagents are golden yellow and stored in Brown bottle, when used to 1 part of the stock solution in 2 copies of water diluted evenly. A.4.3 Instruments and equipment A.4.3.1 Spectrophotometer. A.4.32 one ten thousandth electronic balance. sense of 0.0001g. A.4.3.3 Pipettes (or pipettes). A.4.3.4 Capacity bottle. A.4.4 Determination steps A.4.4.1 Sample handling Accurately weighed bamboo leaf antioxidant sample 100mg (accurate to 0.0001g), water-soluble products with ethanol solution (A.4.2.1) dissolved And fixed to 100mL, fat-soluble products with a small amount of ethanol solution (A.4.2.2) dissolved, and then ethanol solution (A.4.2.1) constant to 100mL; with qualitative filter paper filter, that sample solution. A.4.4.2 Drawing of standard curves Accurate extraction of p-hydroxybenzoic acid standard solution 0mL, 0.05mL, 0.10mL, 0.20mL, 0.40mL, 0.80mL, 1.20mL, Equivalent to p-hydroxybenzoic acid 0mg, 0.0125mg, 0.025mg, 0.050mg, 0.10mg, 0.20mg, 0.30mg into 25mL with Plug the tube, respectively, diluted with water to 10.0mL; each add 1.0mL Fulin reagent and 2.0mL 20% sodium carbonate solution, the tube at 50 ℃ ± 1 ° C in a constant temperature water bath for 30 min, then cooled with water and diluted to 25 mL. Room temperature for 30min, measured with 1cm colorimetric cup Absorbance at 745 nm. With the absorbance as the ordinate, the concentration of abscissa to draw the standard curve or obtain a linear regression equation. A.4.4.3 Specimen determination Accurately absorb the sample solution 1mL, according to the standard curve of the production steps (A.4.4.2) at 745nm at the absorbance measurement set. According to the standard working curve, the equivalent of the sample absorbance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid content. A.4.5 Calculation of results The mass fraction w1 (%) of the total phenol (based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid) is calculated according to formula (A.1) w1 = m1 × V2 m2 × V1 × 100% (A.1) Where. m1 --- according to the standard curve calculated total phenol content in the test solution, the unit is mg (mg); V2 - the total volume of the liquid to be measured, in milliliters (mL); m2 --- for the sample sample quality value, the unit is mg (mg); V1 --- The value of the volume to be measured, in milliliters (mL). The results of the test are based on the arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results (leave a decimal). Two independent tests obtained under repetitive conditions The relative difference between the results is not more than 5.0%. A.5 Determination of orientin A.5.1 Methodological Summary The samples were dissolved in methanol, acetonitrile-acetic acid aqueous solution (99) as the mobile phase, liquid column with C18 as filler and UV detection Or diodes array detector, the sample of the different orientin in reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography separation and determination, and the standard retention time ratio More qualitative, peak area external standard method. A.5.2 Reagents and materials A.5.2.1 Acetonitrile (chromatographic purity). A.5.2.2 Methanol (chromatographic purity). A.5.2.3 glacial acetic acid (excellent grade pure). A.5.2.4 Water (ultrapure water). A.5.2.5 Contaminine standards. purity ≥ 98.0%. A.5.2.6 Determination of orientein standard solution. accurately weighed orientin glycoside standard 5mg (accurate to 0.0001g), dissolved with methanol and volume to 10mL, mix, set the refrigerator to save. This solution 1mL containing incense vee 0.5mg. A.5.3 Instruments and equipment A.5.3.1 High Performance Liquid Chromatography. A.5.3.2 UV detector. variable wavelength. A.5.3.3 Data processing systems. Chromatographic workstations or data processors. A.5.4 Reference chromatographic conditions The recommended columns and typical operating conditions are shown in Table A.2. Other columns and chromatographic operating conditions that can achieve the same degree of separation use. Table A.2 Columns and Typical Chromatographic Operating Conditions Project operating conditions Column C18ODS column, column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm, built-in C18 filler, particle size 5μm or equivalent Column temperature/℃ 40 Mobile phase A. acetonitrile; B. acetic acid aqueous solution (1 99) Gradient elution conditions 0min ~ 15min, A15%, B85%; 15min ~ 25min, A15% ~ 40%, B85% ~ 60% 34min, A40%, B60%; 34min ~ 40min, A40% ~ 15%, B60% ~ 85% Flow rate/(mL/min) 1 Detector detection wavelength/nm 330 Injection volume/μL 10 A.5.5 Analysis steps A.5.5.1 Sample treatment Accurately weighed bamboo leaf antioxidant samples 100mg (accurate to 0.0001g), dissolved in methanol and volume to 100mL, through the microporous membrane (0.45 μm) to obtain a sample solution. A.5.5.2 Drawing of standard curves Accurately absorb a certain amount of orientin standard solution, were diluted 4,8,10,16,20 times and 40 times, 10μL injection, in the specified color Under spectral conditions, chromatographic analysis was performed. According to different orientin standard solution of different injection volume and the corresponding peak area, the peak area for the vertical Standard, orientein concentration for the abscissa, draw the standard curve. A.5.5.3 Specimen determination Accurately absorb the sample solution 10μL, in the specified chromatographic conditions, the chromatographic analysis to retain the time qualitative, peak area external standard method Quantitative. A.5.6 Calculation of results The mass fraction w2 (%) of orientin is calculated according to formula (A.2) w2 = c1 × V3 m3 × 100% (A.2) Where. c1 - the value of the concentration of orientin in the test solution calculated in accordance with the standard curve, in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL); V3 --- the value of the volume of the sample volume, in milliliters (mL); m3 --- for the sample sample quality value, the unit is mg (mg). The results of the test are based on the arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results (leave a decimal). Two independent tests obtained under repetitive conditions The relative difference between the results is not more than 2.5%. A.6 Determination of coumaric acid A.6.1 Methodological summary The samples were dissolved in methanol, acetonitrile-acetic acid aqueous solution (99) as the mobile phase, liquid column with C18 as filler and UV detection Device or diode array detector, the sample of p-coumaric acid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography separation and determination, and the standard retention time ratio More qualitative, peak area external standard method. A.6.2 Reagents and materials A.6.2.1 Acetonitrile (chromatographic purity). A.6.2.2 Methanol (chromatographic purity). A.6.2.3 glacial acetic acid (excellent grade pure). A.6.2.4 Water (ultrapure water). A.6.2.5 p-coumaric acid standard. purity ≥ 98.0%. A.6.2.6 on the coumarin standard solution. accurately weighed against coumarin standard 10mg (accurate to 0.0001g), dissolved with methanol and set to 10mL, mix, set the refrigerator to save. This solution 1mL containing p-coumaric acid 1.0mg. A.6.3 Instruments and equipment A.6.3.1 High performance liquid chromatograph. A.6.3.2 UV detector. variable wavelength. A.6.3.3 Data processing systems. Chromatographic workstations or data processors. A.6.4 Reference chromatographic conditions The recommended columns and typical operating conditions are shown in Table A.3. Other columns and chromatographic operating conditions that can achieve the same degree of separation use. Table A.3 Columns and Typical Chromatographic Operating Conditions Project operating conditions Column C18ODS column, column length 250mm, inner diameter 4.6mm, built-in C18 filler, particle size 5μm or equivalent Column temperature/℃ 40 Mobile phase A. acetonitrile; B. acetic acid aqueous solution (1 99) Gradient elution conditions 0min ~ 15min, A15%, B85%; 15min ~ 25min, A15% ~ 40%, B85% ~ 60% 34min, A40%, B60%; 34min ~ 40min, A40% ~ 15%, B60% ~ 85% Flow rate/(mL/min) 1 Detector detection wavelength/nm 310 Injection volume/μL 10 A.6.5 Analysis steps A.6.5.1 Sample handling Accurately weighed bamboo leaf antioxidant samples 100mg (accurate to 0.0001g), dissolved in methanol and volume to 100mL, through the microporous membrane (0.45 μm) to obtain a sample solution. A.6.5.2 Drawing of standard curves Accurately absorb a certain amount of p-coumaric acid standard solution, were diluted 8,10,16,32,64,128 times and 256 times, 10μL injection, in the Under the specified chromatographic conditions, chromatographic analysis, according to the coumar acid standard solution of different injection volume and the corresponding peak area, the peak area As the ordinate, the coumaric acid concentration for the abscissa, draw the standard curve. A.6.5.3 Specimen determination Accurately absorb the sample solution 10μL, in the specified chromatographic conditions, the chromatographic analysis to retain the time qualitative, peak area external standard method Quantitative. A.6.6 Calculation of results The mass fraction of p-coumaric acid w3 (%) is calculated according to formula (A.3) w3 = c2 × V4 m4 × 100% (A.3) Where. c2 - the value of the coumaric acid concentration in the test solution calculated in accordance with the standard curve, in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL); V4 --- the value of the volume of the sample volume, in milliliters (mL); m4 --- for the sample sample quality values, in milligrams (mg). The results of the test are based on the arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results (leave a decimal). Two independent tests obtained under repetitive conditions The relative difference between the results is not more than 2.5%. A.7 Determination of water solubility A.7.1 Instruments and equipment A.7.1.1 Electric thermostat oven. A.7.1.2 One percent electronic balance. 0.01g. A.7.2 Analysis steps Take.200 mL of a stoppered flask and dry to constant weight (m5). Weigh 100 g of distilled water (accurate to 0.01 g) and add 6g ~ 10g water-soluble bamboo leaf antioxidant (accurate to 0.01g), at 25 ℃ under the conditions of stirring while stirring, in 5min to make it fully soluble Solution, put it aside for 10min, pour the supernatant, bottle and residue to dry weight (m7), according to the reduced quality of water solubility. A.7.3 Calculation of results The water solubility is expressed in w4 (%) and its value is expressed in grams per gram (g/100g) w4 = m5 m6-m7 (A.4) Where. m5 --- dry after the conch bottle quality value, the unit is grams (g); m6 --- the value of the sample sample, in grams (g); m7 --- dry after the conical flask and the quality of the residue, the unit is grams (g). The results of the test are based on the arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results (leave a decimal). Two independent tests obtained under repetitive conditions The relative difference between the results is not more than 5.0%. A.8 Determination of ethyl acetate solubility A.8.1 Reagents and materials Ethyl acetate. A.8.2 Instruments and equipment A.8.2.1 Electric thermostat oven. A.8.2.2 One percent electronic balance. 0.01g. A.8.3 Analysis steps Take.200 mL of a stoppered flask and dry to constant weight (m8). Weigh 100 g of ethyl acetate (accurate to 0.01 g) and then add 5g ~ 10g fat-soluble bamboo leaf antioxidant (accurate to 0.01g), at 25 ℃ under the conditions of stirring while stirring, in 5min to make it fully dissolved, After standing for 10 min, the supernatant, the bottle and the residue were dried to constant weight (m10) and the ethyl acetate solubility was calculated according to the reduced mass. A.8.4 Calculation of results The ethyl acetate solubility is expressed in w5 (%) and its value is expressed in grams per gram (g/100g) w5 = m8 m9-m10 (A.5) Where. m8 --- the value of the quality of the flask after drying, in grams (g); m9 --- for the sample sample size, in grams (g); m10 --- dry after the conical flask and the quality of the residue, the unit is grams (g). The results of the test are based on the arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results (leave a decimal). Two independent tests obtained under repetitive conditions The relative difference between the results is not more than 5.0%. A.9 Determination of burning residue A.9.1 Analysis steps Weigh about 2g of sample (accurate to 0.0001g), placed in a constant constant crucible, first with a small fire slowly heated to fully carbonized, and then Carefully into the high temperature furnace at 600 ℃ ± 25 ℃ burning to constant weight. A.9.2 Result calculation The mass fraction of the burning residue w6 (%) is calculated according to formula (A.6) w6 = m11-m12 m13-m12 × 100% (A.6) Where. m11 --- crucible and burning residue quality value, the unit is grams (g); m12 --- crucible quality value, in grams (g); m13 --- crucible and the value for the sample quality, in grams (g). The results of the test are based on the arithmetic mean of the parallel measurement results (leave a decimal). Two independent tests obtained under repetitive conditions The relative difference between the results is not more than 5.0%.

Appendix B

Bamboo leaf antioxidant infrared transmission spectrum B.1 Water - soluble Bamboo Leaf Antioxidant Infrared Transmission Spectrum Water-soluble bamboo leaf antioxidant infrared transmission spectrum diagram shown in Figure B.1. Note. The water-soluble bamboo leaf antioxidants in the 3400cm-1, 2930cm-1, 1610cm-1, 1075cm-1 and other near the characteristic absorption, respectively, phenolic hydroxyl, Benzene ring hydrogen ring, benzene ring skeleton and carbonyl stretching vibration. Figure B.1 Water-soluble bamboo leaf antioxidant infrared transmission spectrum diagram B.2 Liposoluble Bamboo Leaf Antioxidant Infrared Transmission Spectrum A diagram of the infrared transmission spectrum of the antioxidant in the fat-soluble bamboo leaf is shown in Figure B.2. Note. The phenolic hydroxyl peaks of the liposoluble bamboo leaf antioxidant around 3400cm-1 are greatly weakened and strong carbonyl absorption peaks near 1700cm-1. Figure B.2 Schematic diagram of antioxidant infrared transmission spectra of fat-soluble bamboo leaves Appendix C. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Antioxidant Bamboo Leaves Bamboo leaf antioxidant UV absorption spectrum diagram shown in Figure C.1. Note. The UV spectrum of bamboo leaf antioxidant has a strong absorption peak between 240nm and 280nm, and a strong absorption peak between 300nm and 350nm. With the concentration of water-soluble products under UV absorption intensity is greater than fat-soluble products. Figure C.1 Schematic diagram of UV absorption spectra of antioxidants from bamboo leaves

Appendix D

Bamboo leaf antioxidant high performance liquid chromatography D.1 Water - soluble Bamboo Leaf Antioxidant High Performance Liquid Chromatography Water-soluble bamboo leaf antioxidant high performance liquid chromatography diagram shown in Figure D.1. Description. 1 --- chlorogenic acid; 5 --- p-coumaric acid; 2 --- caffeic acid; 6 --- Vitexin; 3 --- iso-orientin; 7 ---...

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