GB 40163-2021 PDF in English
GB 40163-2021 (GB40163-2021) PDF English
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Safety technical specification for packing dangerous goods in containers transported by sea
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GB 40163-2021: PDF in English GB 40163-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 03.220.40
R 09
Safety technical specification for packing dangerous goods in
containers transported by sea
ISSUED ON: APRIL 30, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Basic requirements ... 7
5 Preparations before packing ... 9
6 Packing operation for dangerous goods ... 15
7 Requirements for sealing operation ... 20
8 Requirements after packing... 20
9 Records and documents ... 21
Appendix A (Informative) Packing records ... 23
References ... 25
Safety technical specification for packing dangerous goods in
containers transported by sea
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic requirements for packing dangerous goods in
containers transported by sea, the preparations before packing, the packing and sealing
operation requirements, the post-packing requirements, and the recording and
documentation requirements.
This standard applies to the packing operation of dangerous goods containers carried
by ships.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 19854 General rules of explosion-proof techniques of industrial trucks for
explosive atmospheres
JT/T 812 Requirements for the filling of non-refrigerated liquefied gas tanks (UN-
T50)
JT/T 813 Technical requirements for the carriage of non-refrigerated liquefied gas
tanks by ship
Technical Regulations for Statutory Inspection of Containers. Maritime Safety
Administration of the People’s Republic of China
IMO CSC International Convention for Safe Containers 1972
IMO IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 dangerous goods
The goods listed in IMO IMDG have the characteristics of flammability, explosion,
poison, corrosion, radiation, pollution, etc., which may cause personal injury, property
damage, or environmental pollution during the transportation of ships and require
special protective measures.
3.2 container
A device for transporting goods and having the following features.
a) It has durability and sufficient strength for repeated use.
b) It is specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods in one or more modes
of transport without the need for intermediate reloading.
c) For securing and/or ease of loading and unloading, corner pieces are provided.
d) The area enclosed by the 4 outer bottom corner fittings shall be one of the
following two:
1) At least 14 m2 (150 square feet);
2) At least 7 m2 (75 square feet) if fitted with roof corner fittings.
Note 1: Containers, as defined above, include offshore containers, portable tanks, multiple element gas
containers (MEGCs), and bulk containers that meet the above characteristics, but do not include vehicles
and packaging.
Note 2: Rewrite the “General definition 9.2(4)” in Technical Regulations for Statutory Inspection of
Containers (2017).
3.3 portable tank
A tank for the transport of dangerous goods, conforming to the definition of a container,
and having the following characteristics:
a) It consists of the shell and auxiliary equipment and structural devices required for
the transport of dangerous goods;
b) It can be loaded and unloaded without dismantling structural devices;
c) It has stable structural parts outside the shell, and can be lifted when fully loaded;
d) It is equipped with bases, securing devices, and accessories that facilitate
mechanized operation so that it can be hoisted to transport vehicles or ships.
Note: Rewrite the “General definition 9.2(6)” in Technical Regulations for Statutory Inspection of
4 Basic requirements
4.1 Container and packaging
4.1.1 Containers
4.1.1.1 The design, manufacture, inspection, test, and operation of containers, portable
tanks, and multiple element gas containers (unless otherwise specified, hereinafter
referred to as “containers”) shall comply with the regulations of the Technical
Regulations for Statutory Inspection of Containers, IMO CSC and IMO IMDG, and a
valid certificate or report shall be attached.
4.1.1.2 The content and posting of the inspection mark and safety certificate or
nameplate obtained after the container has passed the inspection shall meet the
requirements of the Technical Regulations for Statutory Inspection of Containers, IMO
CSC, and IMO IMDG. The inspection mark and inspection date of a container that has
passed the periodic inspection shall be marked on or near the safety approval plate, and
shall be durable, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and remain clearly visible.
Containers inspected in accordance with the Accredited Continuous Inspection
Program (ACEP) shall be marked with the approval number of the Continuous
Inspection Program on or near the safety approval plate.
4.1.1.3 Portable tanks for transporting non-refrigerated liquefied gas shall comply with
the provisions of JT/T 813.
4.1.1.4 Portable tanks and multiple element gas containers shall be clearly marked on
the connection parts (such as inlet pipes, discharge ports and other accessories, and stop
valves) of the tank body with their purpose. Portable tanks carrying dangerous goods
and multiple element gas containers carrying non-refrigerated gases shall have a
nameplate at a conspicuous place that is easily inspected (usually installed at the rear
end thereof), which is displayed permanently on the corrosion-resistant metal and
complying with the requirements of IMO IMDG.
4.1.2 Packaging
4.1.2.1 The packaging shall be firm and in good condition; the parts in contact with the
goods shall not reduce their performance due to the characteristics of the goods, and
can withstand the general risks of loading, unloading, and shipping.
4.1.2.2 The packaging shall be inspected and qualified, and have the corresponding
certificate of conformity and the packaging mark.
4.1.2.3 The hazard signs and markings on the packaging shall comply with the
regulations of IMO IMDG.
4.2 Personnel
4.2.1 Personnel engaged in the packing and inspection of dangerous goods containers
shall be familiar with or understand relevant knowledge and skills in accordance with
the requirements of IMO IMDG, especially on personnel protection and emergency
measures, etc.
4.2.2 An on-site inspector of container packing shall be familiar with the technical
requirements of the packing operation. During the packing operation, the inspector shall
be responsible for the command or monitoring of the packing site on behalf of his
organization, and issue a “Container Packing Certificate”.
4.2.3 When loading and securing dangerous goods, the packing personnel shall work
under the direct command or supervision of the on-site inspector of container packing.
4.2.4 The packing personnel shall wear suitable protective equipment during the
operation, shall clean up in time after the operation, and shall not eat or drink during
the operation.
4.3 Operating environment
4.3.1 Packing shall be carried out in a well-lit or well-lit environment.
4.3.2 The packing operation shall not be carried out under lightning weather.
4.3.3 For packing sites that do not have good shielding conditions, in case of bad
weather such as rain, snow, and strong wind, the operation shall be stopped and the
doors of the containers shall be closed.
4.3.4 Appropriate measures shall be taken at packing sites to prevent fire; no smoking,
fire work, or operations that may generate sparks shall be performed around the
dangerous goods.
4.3.5 All kinds of safety protection devices, lighting, signals, monitoring instruments,
warning signs, lightning protection, alarm devices and other equipment shall be
certified and regularly inspected, and shall not be dismantled and occupied at will.
4.3.6 If it is necessary to supply power to the container to operate refrigeration or
heating equipment, ensure that the connection plug is available.
4.4 Loading and unloading equipment
4.4.1 Loading and unloading equipment shall be selected according to the nature and
quality of the packaging of the goods, and the machinery and its ancillary equipment
shall not affect the integrity of the packaging.
4.4.2 Protective measures shall be taken when using a forklift to load, unload, and carry
approval plate of the container.
5.2.1.3 The center of gravity of the goods in the container shall be at or near the center
of the longitudinal length of the container, and at the lower half of the height of the
container’s cargo space.
5.2.1.4 The goods shall be evenly distributed in the container, and the weight of the
goods within half the length of the container shall not exceed 60% of the total weight
of the goods in the container.
5.2.1.5 For heavy objects with a small contact surface with the bottom of the container,
cushion materials shall be used to increase the contact surface, so that the concentrated
load of the cargo can be transferred to the structural beams and longitudinal bottom
girders of the container to avoid local overloading of the bottom of the container.
5.2.1.6 If dangerous goods have special requirements on the ventilation of containers,
ventilated containers shall be used. If the goods cannot be ventilated, general cargo
containers shall not be ventilated or in contact with external humid air, and the
ventilation holes of the container shall be closed before packing.
5.2.1.7 The appropriate stacking method shall be selected according to the type and
specification of the packaging to prevent the goods from shifting or collapsing during
transportation. For example, the alternate stacking or stacking wall can be chosen for
the bagged goods.
5.2.1.8 An appropriate padding method and padding materials shall be selected
according to the characteristics, quality, shape, and structural strength of the cargo.
5.2.1.9 If there is a gap between the cargo and the container body, an appropriate method
shall be selected for securing and binding.
5.2.1.10 When using portable tanks to transport dangerous goods, the applicable
portable tanks shall be selected according to the regulations of IMO IMDG.
5.2.2 LCL stowage
5.2.2.1 LCL stowage shall consider various cargo properties and their compatibility,
including the packages and the type or strength of their packaging, the possibility of
cross-contamination of cargo odor and dust, and physical or chemical compatibility.
Dusty and dirty goods shall not be loaded near clean and easily contaminated goods,
such as food packaged in breathable materials.
5.2.2.2 Unless they have been properly segregated and/or effectively protected with
appropriate protective materials, incompatible goods shall not be shipped in the same
container.
5.2.2.3 When the goods are LCL in the container, the segregation shall be carried out in
accordance with the strictest requirements of the hazard and sub-hazard of the goods,
and shall comply with the segregation requirements in the various segregation tables
and the list of dangerous goods in IMO IMDG.
5.2.2.4 Solid cargoes shall not be placed under liquid cargoes; sharp objects shall not
be loaded adjacent to cargoes with fragile surfaces; cargoes that release moisture shall
not be loaded on or near moisture-sensitive cargoes.
5.2.2.5 Heavy cargo shall not be loaded on top of light cargo and fragile items.
5.2.2.6 When consolidating dangerous goods and ordinary goods, the dangerous goods
shall be loaded later and unloaded first, and shall be loaded at the easy-to-unload place
at the door of the container.
5.3 Placement of containers
5.3.1 Containers shall be placed on a firm and level ground or on a trailer, and the
ground on which containers are placed shall be free of any debris or protrusions that
may damage the bottom structure (cross member or floor bearer) of the container.
5.3.2 When loading containers through a platform, appropriate slopes shall be used as
safe passages for entering and exiting the containers, and there shall be a safe and
effective connection between the platform and containers.
5.3.3 When using a trailer for packing, measures shall be taken to prevent the body from
tilting and the vehicle from moving.
5.3.4 Containers shall be placed on a hard road without soil, vegetation, hanging
branches, and searchlights; pests, insects and other organisms shall be prevented from
entering containers and causing secondary pollution.
5.4 Inspection of containers
5.4.1 Inspection of the external of a container
5.4.1.1 The main frame of a container shall be complete, and there is no serious
structural defect specified by IMO CSC.
5.4.1.2 The walls, bottom structure, and roof structure of a container shall be in good
condition, and there shall be no obvious deformation.
5.4.1.3 There shall be no cracks near and inside where the outer surface has traces of
bending, dents, creases, scratches, etc. There shall be no signs of water leakage caused
by loose or broken rivets at the joints of the outer panels.
5.4.1.4 The air holes in the roof structure of a container shall be free from damage and
strength of the fastening devices and the method of securing.
5.4.3 Inspection of the door of a container
5.4.3.1 The door of a container shall be able to open and close smoothly and be properly
fixed when opening.
5.4.3.2 The gaskets around the container door shall be tight and can ensure airtightness.
5.4.3.3 The handle of the container door shall be able to operate flexibly; the container
door can be completely locked and a seal can be added.
5.4.3.4 The locking structure of the container door shall enable the container door to be
opened in time in an emergency.
5.4.4 Inspection of a reefer
5.4.4.1 The refrigeration system of a reefer shall be able to operate normally.
5.4.4.2 The plugs and wires of the reefer shall be free of defects.
5.4.5 Inspection of portable tanks
5.4.5.1 The IMDG nameplate of a portable tank shall be marked with correct
information and displayed clearly.
5.4.5.2 The frame structure of a portable tank shall meet the requirements of IMO CSC,
and the tank body and fixed devices including valves and pressure regulating devices
shall meet the requirements of IMO IMDG.
5.4.5.3 Confirm the characteristics of the goods. If there are heating requirements
during transportation and loading and unloading, the loading and unloading place shall
have a steam source and power supply equipment.
5.4.6 Inspection of multiple element gas containers
5.4.6.1 The IMDG nameplate of a multiple element gas container shall be marked with
correct information and displayed clearly.
5.4.6.2 Each unit and frame of a multiple element gas container shall be free from
deformation and damage. If there is any doubt about its condition, a further examination
or inspection may be requested, and fill the container after that.
5.4.6.3 All instruments, pipelines, valves, and accessories of a multiple element gas
container shall be in normal working condition.
5.5 Inspection of the packaging of dangerous goods
5.5.1 Package inspection
5.5.1.1 The packaging shall not show any signs of damage, leakage, and spillage.
Wooden crate packaging shall not have exposed nails.
5.5.1.2 The package shall not show signs of being contaminated. For packages showing
signs of being contaminated, their safety and acceptability shall be determined.
5.5.1.3 Before packing, the water, snow, ice, and other attachments on the outside of
the package shall be removed.
5.5.2 Pallet cargo inspection
5.5.2.1 Pallet goods shall be arranged in a regular shape, the sides shall be kept vertical,
and the top shall be kept horizontal.
5.5.2.2 The strapping materials used shall be compatible with the cargo and be able to
maintain effective securing under conditions of humidity, sudden temperature changes,
and sunlight.
5.5.2.3 The pallet shall be in good condition and meet the strength requirements for
loading, unloading, and the mass of dangerous goods. No protrusions such as nails,
screws, and wood thorns.
5.5.3 Inspection of marks and marking
5.5.3.1 Marks
5.5.3.1.1 A package shall have correct marks of hazard.
5.5.3.1.2 The positions of marks shall meet the following requirements:
a) Box packaging: Marks shall be displayed at a conspicuous place on the end or
side of a package;
b) Bag packaging: Marks shall be displayed at an obvious place on a package;
c) Drum packaging: Marks shall be displayed at the body or the lid of a barrel;
d) Tank packaging: Marks shall be displayed at an obvious place of the body of a
tank;
e) IBCs or bulk packaging with a capacity exceeding 450 L: Marks shall be displayed
at opposite sides;
f) Marks of marine pollutants shall be displayed at a position near the marks of
dangerous goods; if there are no marks of dangerous goods, marks of marine
packaging forms, effective padding materials shall be used as the partition between the
goods.
6.2.2 For dangerous goods in barrels, effective padding materials shall be padded
between the upper and lower layers to disperse the load of the upper layer. If the top of
the lower drum package and the bottom of the upper drum package are designed as
embedded structures that closely fit, and the drum package of the bottom layer of goods
has sufficient strength, there can be without padding materials.
6.2.3 Effective padding materials should be used between the goods in a container and
container walls to prevent the goods from moving.
6.2.4 The pads shall have sufficient protective strength to effectively avoid damage
caused by the vertical or horizontal displacement of the goods in a container during
transportation.
6.2.5 When pads such as pallets, plywood, wood slats, and wooden boards are used,
they shall be supported on the corner posts, corner fittings, end posts, and side posts of
a container, so as to avoid being supported on the side wall panels and door panels and
causing the side wall panels and door panels to be damaged.
6.3 Securing dangerous goods in containers
6.3.1 The goods in a container shall be secured to prevent movement. The method of
securing the goods shall not result in damage to the goods or the container.
6.3.2 Securing materials (such as steel wire ropes, fiber ropes, steel belts, nylon belts,
air bags, telescopic rods, protective nets, and adhesive tapes) shall have sufficient
strength to withstand various stresses caused by changes in transportation acceleration
and not lead to a safety hazard for the dangerous goods in a container.
6.3.3 The fasteners used for securing in a container shall have locking devices. After
securing, all fasteners shall be in the locked position to prevent the fasteners from
loosening and the decreased securing effect due to factors such as vibration and rocking
during transportation.
6.3.4 The use of air bags shall meet the following requirements.
a) The use of air bags shall comply with the requirements for filling pressure and
maximum void width in the product manual. Taking into account the possibility
of increasing or decreasing the temperature inside a container, keep a margin
according to the situation when filling the air bags.
b) When air bags are used to fill the gap at the door of a container, precautionary
measures shall be taken to prevent air bags from suddenly opening the door during
unpacking.
c) If the void surface is uneven, there is a risk of scratching or puncturing air bags,
appropriate measures shall be taken to keep the void surface reasonably smooth.
6.3.5 When nails are used for fixing, the nails or nail caps shall not be exposed.
6.4 Special packing requirements
6.4.1 Explosives
6.4.1.1 Explosives shall be packed according to the requirements of the stowage
category.
6.4.1.2 Extremely sensitive substances such as detonators and fuses shall be packed on
the surface of the cargo.
6.4.1.3 The floor in the container shall be a wooden structure or the cargo shall be
loaded on a tight grid or wooden pallet pad. If sparks and static electricity may be
generated between the packaging and the container body due to friction, collision, etc.,
wooden boards or other equivalent padding materials shall be used around the container
wall to isolate it.
6.4.1.4 When the securing operation is carried out in the container, tools that are
resistant to sparks shall be used, and the impact, vibration, and excessive force shall be
avoided; the nails used shall not be scattered in the container.
6.4.2 Gases
6.4.2.1 Containers stained with oil shall not be used.
6.4.2.2 Do not wear oil-stained work clothes, and do not use oil-stained gloves for
operations.
6.4.2.3 Steel cylinders shall meet the following requirements.
a) Safety caps shall be tightened and there is no peculiar smell. If any cylinder cap
is loose, take effective tightening measures.
b) Cylinder walls shall be free of corrosion, depression, and damage.
c) Other accessories (such as valves, cylinder bodies, and paint) shall comply with
product standards.
d) Protective aprons of steel cylinders shall be complete.
6.4.2.4 Safety caps of steel cylinders shall not be held during operation, and steel
cylinders shall not be thrown, collided, or rolled.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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