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JY/T 0423-2011: (General quality requirements and test methods for teaching glass instruments)
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(General quality requirements and test methods for teaching glass instruments)
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JY/T 0423-2011
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Basic data | Standard ID | JY/T 0423-2011 (JY/T0423-2011) | | Description (Translated English) | (General quality requirements and test methods for teaching glass instruments) | | Sector / Industry | Education Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Y51 | | Word Count Estimation | 34,328 | | Date of Issue | 2013-07-11 | | Date of Implementation | 2013-07-11 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China | JY/T 0423-2011: (General quality requirements and test methods for teaching glass instruments)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
4.2 Frost requirements 3
4.3 Adhesiveness 4
4.4 Roundness 5
4.5 Straightness 6
4.6 Verticality 6
4.7 Parallelism 7
4.8 Capacity 7
4.9 Conical ground 7
5 Appearance 8
5.1 Visual defects 8
5.2 Color 8
5.3 Oral treatment 8
5.4 Bottom 8
5.5 Appearance defect test method 9
6 Physical and chemical properties and test methods 9
6.1 Internal stress 9
6.2 Pressure resistance 10
6.3 Hot Rush 10
6.4 Mean linear thermal expansion coefficient 11
6.5 Chemical stability 11
7 Chemical composition and properties of glass 12
8 Environmental test 13
9 Inspection rules 14
10 Signs, labels, packaging, instructions, storage and transportation 16
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Grinding Dimensions 18
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Minor Defects in Some Glass Instruments 21
Reference 30
Figure 1 Frosted adhesion test device 5
Figure 2 Measuring tool 8
Figure 3 License Mark for Manufacturing Measuring Instruments 16
Figure A1 Dimension code 19
Table 1 Adhesion requirements and test methods of the instrument 5
Table 2 Straightness requirements for glass instruments 6
Table 3 Stress of teaching glass equipment 9
Table 4 Comparison of interference color and optical path difference 9
Table 5 Instrument pressure requirements 10
Table 6 Thermal shock requirements of the instrument 10
Table 7 Mean linear thermal expansion coefficients of various glass instruments 11
Table B15 Permissible Filter Funnel Defects 28
Table B16 Permissible test tube defects 28
Table B17 Permissible pipe defects 29
Table B18 Permissible Capacity Instrument Frosted Defects 29
Foreword
Chapters 4 to 10 of this standard are mandatory and the rest are recommended.
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Teaching Instruments (SAC/TC125).
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Teaching Instruments (SAC/TC125).
The main drafters of this standard. Zhejiang Educational Technology Center, Jiaxing Educational Equipment and Information Center, Sichuan Longchang Glass Instrument Factory.
The main drafters of this standard. Ren Weide, Shen Haixiang, and Lu Jingao.
General quality requirements and test methods for teaching glass instruments
1 Scope
This standard specifies the geometry and coordination, appearance requirements, physical and chemical properties, material requirements and test methods of glass instruments for teaching.
And environmental testing, inspection rules, signs, labels, packaging, instructions, storage and transportation.
This standard applies to teaching laboratory glass instruments.
This standard does not apply to electric vacuum teaching instruments made of glass.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document.
Nodule knot
Due to uneven mixing of glass batches or incomplete melting, etc., there are transparent nodes or lumps in the glass.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.3)
3.7
Stone
Opaque solid inclusions in glass; there are batch stones, refractories, and crystalline stones.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.4)
3.8
Iron scurf
The iron particles adhere to the glass.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.5)
3.9
Rust
Red or yellow marks on glass surfaces that are rubbed against iron and contaminated.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.6)
3.10
Spun glass
When the product shakes during the molding operation, the glass tail on the glass wall or bottom surface is left.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.7)
3.11
Missing grind
The original surface that has not been ground on the matte surface.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.30)
3.12
Sand mark
The matte surface of the product does not have the coarse sand marks that are present in the fine grinding.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.31)
3.13
Blobby line
Fingerprints and printed lines are interrupted.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.32)
3.14
Etch mark
Spots on the glass surface of the pointer product that have been corroded by hydrofluoric acid.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.33)
3.15
Smeared print
Color smear caused when the product is printed.
(QB/T 2108-1995, defect term 2.34)
4 Geometry and fit
4.1 Wall thickness
4.1.1 Requirements
4.1.1.1 For all glass instruments that have national and industry standards, the minimum wall thickness shall meet the relevant standards. Where there is no national or industry standard
Glass instrument, the minimum wall thickness is specified by the product standard.
4.1.1.2 Thickness uniformity of glass instruments under pressure, wall thickness ratio is not greater than 2. 1; other glass instruments are not thick
At 5. 2. The minimum wall thickness shall comply with Article 4.2 of GB 21749-2008, and the product standard shall specify the specific wall thickness requirements of glass instruments.
4.1.2 Test method
Test with bottle wall thickness detector of the following specifications.
0mm ～ 2mm error. ± 5μm (1 + 1%) reading error, 0mm ～ 4mm error. ± 10μm (1 + 1%) reading error.
4.2 Scrub
4.2.1 Requirements
The frosted surface should cover the frosted part uniformly and regularly, and the area should not be less than 92% of the frosted part.
4.2.2 Surface roughness
The matte surface roughness (Ra) should not exceed 1 μm. The surface roughness of the ground surface of the joint is measured by a surface roughness meter according to GB/T 1031
test.
4.2.3 Light spot
4.2.3.1 The spot should not penetrate vertically.
4.2.3.2 Area inspection of light spot. first measure the total area of frosted area.
()
SD dl
4.3.1.2 Adhesion shall be graded as follows.
a) Level 1
The running-in surface is required to be fine and free to rotate. It can be used for air pressure test and similar to the air pressure test (such as pistons and other
Instruments requiring high tightness);
b) secondary
The running-in surface is required to be fine, which can control the leakage of liquid and can be used for general sealing (such as narrow-mouth bottles, gas generators, dry
Dryers, gas wash bottles, drip bottles and similar types of products);
c) Level 3
General running-in surfaces, do not open often, do not require tightness, or cooperate with rubber stoppers (such as jars, weighing bottles,
Volumetric flasks, gas cylinders and similar products).
4.3.2 Adhesion requirements and test methods
4.3.2.1 Adhesion requirements and test methods shall comply with Table 1.
Table 1 Adhesion requirements and test methods
4.3.2.2 First-class adhesion test. After the joint is cleaned and dried without grease, its adhesion performance shall meet the following requirements.
a) Use Figure 1 or a similar device for inspection. The total volume of the device should be about 1500mL;
b) the airtightness of the device should be checked before the test;
c) During the test, the connector in the vertical state is fixed on the rubber stopper of the instrument, and the gas is extracted from the device, when the pressure is 50kPa
At that time, close the suction piston. After 1 minute, record the pressure gauge reading, and after 5 minutes, record the reading again. Return the device to normal pressure,
The joint was removed from the grinding mouth, rotated 90 °, and the above test was repeated. One of the pressure readings taken at 5 min intervals
The difference should not exceed 1.3kPa.
Description. 1-rubber stopper; 2-connection to be tested; 3- rubber stopper; 4-connected vacuum system;
Figure 1 Frosted adhesion test device
4.3.2.3 Preparation of soap solution for secondary adhesion test. Cut the soap into thin slices and immerse it in warm water to dissolve into a thick soap solution.
4.4 Roundness
4.4.1 Requirements
For instruments with roundness requirements, the roundness error should not be greater than 3%, and calculated according to the following formula.
Grade condition requirements
Without vacuum grease, press 4.3.2.2. Press 4.3.2.2.
Place the stopper on the bottle (or container) with water at room temperature. Corks and bottles
Apply soapy liquid to the outside of the joint (see 4.3.2.3).
Immerse the bottle in warm water at room temperature + 30 ° C.
No soap bubbles are generated in warm water.
After the rotation is good, hold one-half of the nominal capacity of the water.
cover).
After 5 minutes of inversion, there was no penetration.
× 100
% （3）
In the formula.
-roundness error, the unit is percentage (%);
D--average outside diameter, unit is millimeter (mm);
D-The difference between the maximum and minimum outer diameters, in millimeters (mm).
Calculation of D and D in the formula.
a) D is calculated by (2).
kD
k == (4)
In the formula.
D-average outside diameter, unit is millimeter (mm);
kD-the k-th measured outer diameter value in millimeters (mm), k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
n-actual number of measurements, n = 5.
b) Substituting the outer diameter maximum value Dmax and minimum value Dmin measured in five times into (3) to find D.
D = Dmax-Dmin (5)
In the formula.
Dmax--maximum outer diameter in millimeters (mm);
Dmin--Minimum outer diameter, unit is millimeter (mm).
4.4.2 Test method
Roundness is measured with a vernier caliper with a division value not greater than 0.02 mm, and calculated after the measurement.
4.5 Straightness
4.5.1 Requirements
For glass instruments with straightness requirements, the general straightness error requirements should meet Table 2. Special requirements are specified by product standards. when
When the actual length is between the two length range values in Table 2, the straightness error value of the corresponding length in Table 2 is selected nearest.
Table 2 Straightness requirements for glass instruments are in millimeters
Length 25 30 50 60 70 80 90 100 150
Straightness error 0.18 0.21 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.63 0.70 1.05
Length 180.200 225 250 350 600 900 1200 1500
Straightness error 1.26 1.40 1.58 1.75 2.10 3.00 3.96 5.04 6.00
4.5.2 Test method
Place the glass to be measured on a level 2 platform and measure with a feeler gauge, which should conform to Table 2.
4.6 Verticality
4.6.1 Requirements
For glass instruments that require verticality, the verticality error is not greater than 1º.
4.6.2 Test method
Measure with a square and feeler on the platform, and calculate the verticality error according to the following formula.
tg
(6)
In the formula.
-verticality error in degrees (º);
k-the distance of the top of the glass instrument body from the vertical line due to tilt, the unit is millimeter (mm);
h-height of the instrument in millimeters (mm).
4.7 Parallelism
4.7.1 Requirements
4.7.1.1 For instruments with parallelism requirements, the parallelism error shall meet the following requirements.
a) the parallelism error between the bottom plane and the mouth plane is not more than 4% of the average distance;
b) The parallelism error with axial parallelism is not more than 6% of the average distance.
4.7.1.2 The parallelism error is calculated as follows.
max min × 100
BB
=% (7)
In the formula.
-parallelism error, the unit is percentage (%);
maxB-the maximum distance (or maximum height) of parallel distance, in millimeters (mm);
minB-the minimum distance (or minimum height) of parallel distance in millimeters (mm);
B-Mean value of parallel distance in millimeters (mm).
B is calculated according to formula (8).
max min
BB
(8)
4.7.2 Test method
Place the glass instrument under test on a level 2 platform and measure with a dial indicator. If the side of the glass instrument being tested is cylindrical,
Measure the highest point on the cylindrical surface, and make a cylindrical generatrix that passes the highest point, and then measure. Calculated after measurement.
4.8 Capacity
4.8.1 Requirements
Except for measuring instruments, the actual capacity of an instrument with a fixed capacity should be 1.15 times to 1.20 times the nominal capacity.
4.8.2 Test method
4.8.2.1 According to the nominal capacity (represented by V), use a corresponding measuring cylinder to measure 1.15V and 1.20V of clean water, respectively.
4.8.2.2 Inject the clear water from the graduated cylinder into the sample, and position it according to the position of the water surface (the center of the meniscus) and the lower part of the neck (or the edge of the large mouth).
The actual capacity of the sample is less than, equal to, or greater than 1.15V or 1.20V.
4.9 Conical ground
4.9.1 Requirements
The size of the tapered grinding mouth should conform to GB/T 21297-2007. For the convenience of reading, Appendix A (informative appendix) gives the tapered grinding mouth ruler.
Inch.
4.9.2 Test method
The size of the conical grinding mouth shall be tested with the measuring tools in Figure 2 a) and b). The limit deviation of the gage size shall meet the requirements of Table B1. Measuring cone
The bevel of the body should be 2 ° 51´45 "± l5".
a) b)
Figure 2 Measuring tool
During the test, after the joint is cleaned, its grinding surface should be able to closely adhere to the surface of the measuring tool, and the lower and upper edges of the grinding surface of the joint should be at h1 and h2
In the range.
5 Appearance
5.1 appearance defects
5.1.1 The minor defects of some glass instruments should not exceed Appendix B (normative appendix).
5.1.2 Minor defects that do not affect product strength, appearance, and measurement readings are specified by product standards.
5.1.3 Appearance defects shall be inspected by the senses.
5.2 Color
5.2.1 Colorless instruments made of soda-lime (or borosilicate) glass should be colorless when faced up; or only the pale yellowish green of the glass itself.
5.2.2 The tint of colored glass instruments is basically the same. There should not be two colors in the same instrument.
5.2.3 The color and lustre shall be checked by the senses.
5.3 Oral treatment
The mouth of the glass instrument should be rounded (melt), rolled or frosted. Sensory test.
5.4 bottom
5.4.1 The bottom of the flat-bottomed glass instrument should be flat and placed on the platform and should not be rotated or shaken. The bottomed instrument should be placed stably;
For instruments consisting of two or more coaxial cylinders, the axis of each cylinder should not have obvious eccentricity.
5.4.2 The bottom of the round bottom glass instrument should be regular.
5.4.3 The bottom is flat, stable and regular by sensory inspection.
5.5 Appearance defect test method
Appearance defect test method. bottle wall thickness detector for thickness, sensory test for the rest.
6 Physical and chemical properties and test methods
6.1 Internal stress
6.1.1 The stress of teaching glass instruments shall meet the requirements of Table 3.
Table 3 The internal stress unit of teaching glass instruments is nanometer/cm
Glass instrument type internal stress (expressed as optical path difference)
Pressure components ≤ 80
Measuring devices (except burettes) ≤ 100
Stopper or plunger, measuring bottle and cylinder stopper, cap ≤ 120
Large and thick glass container (non-heating) dryer body ≤ 160
Flasks, beakers, test tubes, heat-resistant glassware funnels, culture tubes ≤ 180
Smaller, thicker glass containers (non-heating) dryer lids ≤.200
6.1.2 The internal stress test method of annealed glass instrument is in accordance with GB/T 15726-1995 Chapters 3 to 6.
The qualitative test of the optical path difference should use the comparison in Table 4.
Table 4 Comparison of interference color and optical path difference
Interference color
Optical path difference
nm/cm
Note
Yellow 340
The internal stress is
Tensile stress
Yellow Green 285
Green 210
Blue-green 155
Light blue 125
Purple Red 0 Internal Stress is Zero
Red 23
The internal stress is
Compressive stress
Orange 120
Golden 190
Yellow 250
White 300
First calibrate the stress meter so that the interference color of the analyzer is purple-red as the zero point. Then place the sample in the field of view, rotate the sample, and pass the calibration
The mirror looks at the bottom of the container in the center of the screen until the brightest interference color image is seen in the field of view. According to the interference color observed, check
Light path difference.
In case of dispute, the quantitative test is used as the arbitration method.
6.2 Pressure resistance
6.2.1 Requirements
6.2.1.1 During the use of glass instruments that bear internal (or external) pressure, the actual pressure that can be withstood shall not be less than the value in Table 5.
Note. Glass instruments that bear internal pressure during use, such as gas generators, and glass instruments that bear external pressure, such as vacuum dryers.
Table 5 Pressure requirements of the instrument
Classification
Withstand pressure
MPa
Elapsed time
min
1 bottle is not less than 0.4
2 Cylinder is not less than 0.4
3 Tube type is not less than 0.2
4 other classes are not less than 0.2
6.2.1.2 The specific internal pressure value of glass instruments under pressure shall be specified by product standards.
6.2.2 Test method
According to the passability test of GB/T 4546-2008, the test results should give the test pressure, the number of ruptures and the corresponding pressure value at the time of rupture.
6.3 Thermal shock
6.3.1 Requirements
6.3.1.1 The thermal shock (quenching temperature difference) of instruments made of soda-lime glass is not less than 42 ° C. Thermal shock (quick cooling) of instruments made of borosilicate glass
Temperature difference) should meet Table 6.
Table 6 Thermal shock requirements of the instrument
Name Specifications
Thermal shock (quenching temperature difference)
Beakers
5mL ～ 400mL.200
500mL ～ 1000mL 190
2000mL ～ 3000mL 180
Flasks
50mL ～ 250mL.200
500mL ～ 1000mL 190
2000mL ～ 10000mL 180
Test tube
Φ 10mm ～ Φ 20mm.200
Φ 23mm ～ Φ 41mm 190
6.3.1.2 For glass instruments that need to be heated during use, the product standard shall specify the thermal shock temperature that can be withstood and the predetermined percentage of rupture.
6.3.2 Test method
Glass instruments using soda-lime glass as materials shall be tested for thermal shock resistance in accordance with GB/T 4547 and passability tests. Made of borosilicate glass
The glass instrument should be tested for thermal shock according to GB/T 6579. Quartz glass and its products shall be tested for thermal stability in accordance with GB/T 10701.
6.4 Mean linear thermal expansion coefficient
6.4.1 Requirements
The average linear thermal expansion coefficient requirements of various glass instruments should meet Table 7.
Table 7 Mean linear thermal expansion coefficients of various glass instruments
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Material
Heat-resistant glass appliances, second-class glass measuring devices 3.3 Borosilicate glass ≤ 3.4 × 10-6K-1
Glass valve 3.3 Borosilicate glass ≤ 3.4 × 10-6K-1
Flask 4.0 Borosilicate glass ≤4.2 × 10-6K-1
Beaker 4.0 Borosilicate glass ≤4.2 × 10-6K-1
Test tube, culture tube
4.0 Borosilicate glass
5.0 Borosilicate glass
7.0 Borosilicate glass
≤4.2 × 10-6K-1
≤5.7 × 10-6K-1
≤7.5 × 10-6K-1
Common glass measurer 9.0 Soda-lime glass ≤9.0 × 10-6K-1
Others (eg bottles, thick-walled glass instruments)
5.0 Borosilicate glass
7.0 Borosilicate glass
9.0 Soda-lime glass
≤5.7 × 10-6K-1
≤7.5 × 10-6K-1
≤9.0 × 10-6K-1
6.4.2 Test method
According to GB/T 16920-1997 Chapters 3 ~ 6.
6.5 Chemical stability
6.5.1 Requirements
6.5.1.1 The water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance requirements of laboratory glass instruments shall meet Table 8.
Table 8 Water, acid and alkali resistance requirements of laboratory glass instruments
project
Measure
Flask, beaker
test tube
other
others
Standard commonly used borosilicate glass Class A Class B
Water resistance HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 1 According to product standards
Acid resistance H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1
Alkali resistance A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2
6.5.1.2 The water resistance classification in Table 8 is in accordance with GB/T 6582-1997 section 8.2, and the acid resistance classification is in accordance with GB/T 15728-1995 section 7.2.
Alkaline classification according to GB/T 6580-1997 section 8.2.
6.5.1.3 The bottles in Table 8 refer to glass bottles used by chemical laboratories to store reagents and chemicals. According to the physical and chemical properties, it is divided into two categories, A and B.
6.5.1.4 The test tube may be made of soda lime glass or borosilicate glass. The test tube used for heating shall be borosilicate glass.
6.5.2 Test method
Water resistance according to GB/T 6582-1997 (particulate material is immersed in 98 ℃ pure water), acid resistance according to GB/T 15728-1995
(Boiling 6mol/L ± 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid immersion method), alkali resistance according to GB/T 6580-1997 (equivalent volume of 0.5mol/L sodium carbonate and 1mol/L
Sodium hydroxide boiling mixed solution etching method).
7 glass chemical composition and performance
7.1 Requirements
The glass grade, chemical composition and performance shall comply with Table 9.
Table 9 Glass grades, chemical composition and properties
project
Glass grade
3.3
Borosilicate glass b
4.0
Borosilicate glass
5.0
Borosilicate glass
7.0
Borosilicate glass
9.0
Soda lime glass a
Chemistry
composition
(weight%)
SiO2 ≈81 ≈75.5 ≈75 ≈71 ≈70
B2O3 12 ～ 13 12 ～ 18 8 ～ 12 6.0 ～ 7.0 0 ～ 3.5
Na2O K2O ≈4 ≈5.3 4 ～ 8 ≈11.5 12-16
Chemistry
composition
(weight%)
MgO Ca0 SrO BaO-≈1.3 ≈3 ≈5.5 ≈12
Al2O3 2 ～ 3 ≈3 2 ～ 7 3 ～ 7 0 ～ 3.5
performance
Average linear expansion coefficient,
(20 ～ 300) ℃
3.2 ～ 3.4 3.9 ～ 4.2 4.7 ～ 5.7 6.2 ～ 7.5 7.6 ～ 9.0
Water resistance, class HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 1 HGB 2 ～ HGB 3
Acid resistance, grade H1 H1 H1 H1 H1
Alkali resistance, grade A2 A2 A2 A2 A2
Main application areas
Laboratory glass
instrument
Laboratory glass
Instrument, light source
Laboratory glass
instrument
Glass measuring device, solid
Laboratory glass
Thick wall glass meter
Glass
container
Note 1. For the convenience of users, the data in this table is from QB/T 2559-2002.
Note 2. The components given are the intermediate values of various types of typical glass, which are for reference only and cannot be used as limiting values. Actual glass composition to some extent
The difference will not affect other physical properties. The "main application areas" are not listed that have nothing to do with teaching instruments.
a This is the earliest type of glass, which accounts for the largest proportion of glass production in the world. Highest content of alkaline earth metal oxygen such as BaO and SrO
Glass, glass with reduced alkali metal composition (for example. UV protection in cathode ray tube components), and crystalline glass (oral liquid glass)
All belong to this type of glass.
Press ISO 3585.
7.2 Test method
The chemical composition analysis method is QB/T 3572. The average thermal expansion coefficient of glass is determined according to GB/T 16920. Acid resistance test according to GB/T
15728 (multiple glasses, especially those with poor acid resistance) and GB/T 6581 (good acid-resistant borosilicate glass). Alkali resistance test
Press GB/T 6580. The water resistance test is in accordance with GB/T 6582 (various types of glass) and GB/T 12416.2 (higher water resistance glass).
8 Environmental test
8.1 Project
Environmental test items are. stacking, vibration, and free fall.
8.2 Stacking
8.2.1 Purpose
Assess the compressive strength of the glass instrument package during transportation and storage and its ability to protect the instrument.
8.2.2 Test conditions
Level the cement floor. Packing status, stacking height. According to product standards, the maximum does not exceed.2000mm.
The stacking height specified in the product standard shall be an integral multiple of the packaging height (in the prescribed upward direction).
8.2.3 Test requirements
Place a loading plate between the load and the test sample. The loading plate should be rigid and able to withstand sufficient loads without deformation.
The sides of the top surface of the test sample should be at least 100 mm larger.
8.2.4 Test method
Load concrete, steel plate or other heavy objects, calculate the load mass according to the following formula.
2000 H
MM
(10)
In the formula.
M --loading mass (including the mass of the loading plate), the unit is kilogram (kg);
H-the height of the package of the instrument under test, in millimeters (mm);
M-the mass of the package of the instrument under test, i...
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