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HJ 710.4-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring birds
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 710.4-2014 (HJ710.4-2014) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring birds | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z04 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,146 | | Date of Issue | 10/31/2014 | | Date of Implementation | 1/1/2015 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 7714; GB/T 8170; HJ 623; HJ 628 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | | Summary | This standard specifies the main content of the diversity of bird observation, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the range of observation of bird diversity in the People's Republic of China. | HJ 710.4-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring birds---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring birds
People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards
Technical Guidelines for the observation of birds biodiversity
(release
draft)
Issued on.2014-10-31
2015-01-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
Table of Contents
Preface ..ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions ..1
4 observations Principle 2
5 Observation Method 2
6 observations contents and index 5
7 observation time and frequency 5
8 Data processing and analysis 6
9 quality control and safety management .6
Observing Reports prepared 10 ..6
Appendix A (informative) partition table ..7 record straight counting method
Annex B (informative) of variable width line transect record Table 8
Annex C (informative) variable-radius point count recorded in Table 9
Annex D (informative) Bird basic body measurement data recording table 10
Annex E (informative) infrared camera observation record sheet .11
Annex F (informative) .12 habitat types table
Annex G (informative) Classification of Human Interference ..13
Appendix H (informative) Measurement of α diversity and β diversity approach 14
Preparation of Annex I (informative) Bird Observatory report format 15
Foreword
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "People's Republic of China Wild Animal Protection Law" to regulate
Our observations of biological diversity, the development of this standard.
This standard specifies the main content of the diversity of bird observation, technical requirements and methods.
The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, it is an information appendix.
This standard is the first release.
This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Environmental Protection Department of the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval.
This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation.
The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Technical Guidelines for the observation of birds biodiversity
1 Scope
This standard specifies the main content of the diversity of bird observation, technical requirements and methods.
This standard applies to the range of observation of bird diversity in the People's Republic of China.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated references, the latest edition of
To this standard.
GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules
GB/T 8170 repair value expressed about the rules and limit values and judgment
HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity
HJ 628 genetic resources collection technical specification (Trial)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Bird Community bird community
Refers to a particular region within a certain time or raw, is determined by the resource factors (such as food or nest site) through various
Birds interactions coexist aggregate.
3.2
Line transect line transect
It refers to the observer at the observation plots the selected route. Observer recording birds occur along the route within a certain range of space
Species.
3.3
Sample sampling point
It refers to a location for the center, to observe bird species within a certain radius or area.
3.4
Migratory bird migratory bird
It refers to the year as the seasons change, periodically along a relatively stable migration route between breeding and wintering areas as far
Distance migratory birds.
3.5
Migration migration
Refers to the annual spring and autumn, the birds between breeding and wintering regular cluster fly moved habits. at me
State refers to spring migration of birds from the south to the north, from wintering grounds to their breeding grounds between migration; refers fall migration of birds from
North to south, from breeding to wintering grounds between migration.
3.6
Full-length total length
It means the linear distance from beak tip to the tail end.
3.7
Tail length tail length
It refers to the straight-line distance from the base of the tail ends.
3.8
Winged wing length
It means the angle of the wing (wing bent at the wrist equivalent) to a straight line from the tip.
3.9
Tarsus long tarsus length
Finger joints (joints behind the midpoint) tibiotarsus between the metatarsal and tarsal to metatarsal and tarsal joints in the toes (tarsus
And the lower edge of the front of the toe joint bottom of the whole scales) distance.
3.10
Beak bill length
Usually measured beak mouth means more long peak, from the junction with the base beak beak feathers along the middle of the back side of the ridge line, has been
Beak beak tip amount supreme straight-line distance.
4 observations principle
4.1 Scientific Principles
Clear observation objective observation plots and observing the object should be representative, can fully reflect the observation area of birds and more
Overall condition of diversity, with a variety of habitats in the region may need to set up a sufficient number are based on different types of habitat
Observations like line and samples; should adopt a unified, standardized methods of observation of bird population dynamics for long-term observation.
4.2 operability principles
Observing programs should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, the observation plots should have some traffic stripe
Members and working conditions. Should be based on systematic investigation, take full account of the status quo bird resources, conservation status and observation targets, election
Select the appropriate observation area and observation objects, high efficiency, low-cost methods of observation.
4.3 Principles of sustainability
Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and can effectively guide biodiversity conservation and management
Management. Observing objects, observation plots, methods of observation, observation time and frequency, once established, should remain fixed long-term, can not follow
Changes meaning.
4.4 Principle of protection
Maximize the use of non-invasive sampling method, to avoid frequent observation unscientific. To capture the national key protected wild animals
Sampling or mark must obtain administrative permission of relevant authorities.
4.5 Security Principles
Protect the personal safety of the observer. In the capture, processing potential foci of animals, according to relevant provisions of the quarantine process. Watch
Measure has certain characteristics of field work, the observer should receive professional training, good security measures.
5 Methods of Observation
5.1 Observations ready
5.1.1 observation target
Observations target species of birds in the region to grasp the composition, distribution and population dynamics, and to evaluate the quality of its habitat; or evaluation
The impact of various threats to birds produced; or analysis of bird protection measures and the effectiveness of policies and proposed adaptive management
Measures. In determining the observation target should be clear after the observation area.
5.1.2 observation target
5.1.2.1 observing bird community. All bird species observed within the observation area.
5.1.2.2 common bird species observations. Select the observation area one or more common species implementation of key observations. Selected material
Species must be clear identification features, environmental changes have adequate sensitivity, it may indicate changes in the environment.
5.1.2.3 rare and endangered endemic bird species observed or. Choose within the observation area of rare, endangered or endemic species and implementation of key
Observation.
5.1.3 Observation Programme
Observations plan should include. sample plots, plots (transects, sample) setting methods of observation, observation and finger content
Standard, time and frequency of observation, data processing and analysis, quality control and security management.
5.1.4 observation equipment and instruments
Including eight to 12 times the binoculars (when used for walking in the woods or close observation of birds), 25 to 60 times the single
Binoculars (for remote observation and for a long time to stay in a place of birds), A Field Guide to Birds or bird guides and other workers
With books, field record sheet, a camera, a global positioning system (GPS) locator, compass, thermometer, ruler, vernier card
Foot, maps and the necessary protective equipment and emergency medicines.
5.1.5 Training
Observers should receive training field observation method, field practices and security, to familiarize them with the observation area
Topography, vegetation and bird species, to improve its ability to identify bird species.
5.2 observation plots, sample lines and sample settings
5.2.1 According to the biological, ecological characteristics and observing the observation target object, the establishment of plots within the observation area.
5.2.2 Number of plots shall comply with the requirements of statistics, taking into account the human, financial and other factors.
5.2.3 simple random sampling, systematic sampling method or stratified random sampling, etc., set up observation transects or samples within plots.
5.2.3.1 Simple random sampling. random sampling method using a random number lottery or the like in the plot, setting observation transects or sample
point.
5.2.3.2 Systematic sampling method. a certain distance apart in the plot, setting observation transects or sample.
5.2.3.3 stratified random sampling method. according to habitat type, elevation, human disturbance and other factors on the plots stratified in
Set each observation transects or sample by simple random sampling method. Stratified random sampling method is more commonly used.
5.3 Methods of Observation
5.3.1 Subdivision straight counting method
5.3.1.1 According to topography, terrain or habitat types for the entire observation region is partitioned, each partition individually statistics birds
The type and quantity of birds come to the observation area of the total number of species and individual number (see table records Appendix A).
5.3.1.2 The method is applicable to a small area of grassland or wetlands, mainly used in observing waterfowl or other birds cluster.
5.3.2 Line transect
5.3.2.1 observer walking along a fixed line, and recording on both sides of the line transect seen birds.
5.3.2.2 according to the type of habitat and terrain settings like line, every line and do not overlap. In general, each habitat transects
In the above two, each sample length to 1 ~ 3 km is appropriate, if the issues terrain, like length of not less than 1 km.
5.3.2.3 observed when the traveling speed is generally 1.5 ~ 3 km/h.
5.3.2.4 According to the sample line both sides of limiting the scope of observation records, line transect method is divided into limited width, fixed width and wider
Of the three methods. Any width transect method is not considered from the birds and the sample line, fixed-width transect method that is recorded on both sides of the line transect
Birds within a fixed distance, variable width transects the vertical distance required to record birds and sample lines. Record variable width line transect
See Appendix B. Table
5.3.3 sample method
5.3.3.1 sample method is a variation of line transect, namely observer walking speed zero line transect.
5.3.3.2 set at a fixed distance observation samples, the distance between the samples should be determined according to the type of habitat, usually in the 0.2 km to
On each sample observation 3 ~ 10 min.
5.3.3.3 sample method is more suitable for use in the rugged mountains or fragmented habitats. The number of samples is generally 30 or more.
5.3.3.4 According to the definition of the surrounding sample observation record range, sample method is divided into limited radius, fixed and variable radius half
Diameter of three methods. Any radius does not consider samples from the birds and the method that is when the sample observations, fixed radius point count method that is kind of record
Birds, variable radius around the point by point to be recorded within a fixed distance from the birds and sample points. Hutchison variable radius point count method
See Appendix C. Table record
5.3.4 netting method
5.3.4.1 netting is to use mist nets to capture the birds, the type and quantity of activities in the Area method of observing birds recorded.
5.3.4.2 mist net specifications for length 12 m, height 2.6 m; mesh size according to the observed bird species, generally forest birds make
Mist net mesh size used was 36 mm2.
5.3.4.3 set time standard for the network 36 Network/km2. Daily open time of 12 h, the opening and closing time for the local network day every day
The sunset time. Fog, wind and rain periods not open net. Net open before dawn, the net after dark. Check the network every 1 h,
It may be appropriate to increase the number of times when a larger number of search network in order to ensure the safety of the individual bird. Each species of birds recorded Internet search network
And number, and measured (the measurement record table, see Appendix D) after release.
5.3.5 field plotting method
5.3.5.1 Plotting field observation method is usually applied to the breeding season has territorial birds.
5.3.5.2 will be observed in a certain area of each individual bird sites plotted on the map grid coordinates of a known ratio, and then
After the plan to convert, so that each of the birds has a separate standard bitmap finalize site group. Every dot represents a group
Owner areas of activity center. The total number of sites of group number group = Full site boundary overlap is not complete the total number of group sites,
The average individual number of birds by multiplying the number of birds per group sites on behalf of a group of points obtained.
5.3.5.3 field plotting laws generally have the following basic requirements.
a) observation area of. forest habitats 0.1 ~ 0.2 km2, open area 0.4 ~ 1 km2;
b) map scale. forest habitats 1. 1250 to 2500, the open area of 1.2000 to 5000;
c) observation of repetitions. 5 to 10 times;
d) areas of a species must not be less than three, in order to estimate the density.
5.3.6 Infrared camera automatically shoot method
5.3.6.1 The camera can shoot infrared sensor automatically to rare or activity covert activities on the ground birds.
5.3.6.2 infrared camera before resettlement, should investigate the activities of the regional bird route and daily activities. Try to place the camera in the target
Animal frequented channel or activity traces densely. Often near water animals frequent the area, others such as
Location feeding point, lek, fallen wood, forest roads and other birds, are also regular activities, priority should be given.
5.3.6.3 can be set up observation sample stratified sampling or systematic sampling. Stratified sampling method, a sample should cover the concept of observation
Test plots in different habitat types, each habitat type is set to 7 or more samples (0.5 km spacing between samples above).
Systematic sampling method in the observation plots set according to a fixed-point observation sample spacing per 1 km2 provided with at least one observation samples.
5.3.6.4 recording every point name, numbered, and use GPS locator positioning. Each sample in the trunk, stumps or rocks
1 or 2 installed infrared sensor automatically sets the camera on stone. Erection of the general location of the camera from the ground 0.3 ~ 1.0 m, erecting direction do
East Fang Taiyang not amount to direct place. The camera lens is substantially parallel with the ground, slightly tilted down, the birds generally active path at an acute angle
Angle, and clean up the space in front of the camera, reducing interference with photo image quality.
5.3.6.5 Each sample should be collected at least 1000 hours of camera work data. In the summer, each sample required at least even
Continued work 30 d, to complete an observation period.
5.3.6.6 The apparatus power supply situation, regular visits to sample and replace the battery, test equipment, data download. Record every point
Shooting start and end dates, the picture was taken, and the number of animal species, age, grade, gender, shape characteristics and other information, the establishment of
Repository as archives (see Appendix log table E).
5.3.7 noninvasive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection
5.3.7.1 Collection and preservation of samples. Sampling was carried out in accordance with the provisions of HJ 628. Number of samples taken one by one, remember
Record species name, sample type (feathers, egg shells, etc.), collection date, location, and other information collection staff. By drying insurance
Deposit (silica Preservation Act), cryopreservation method, ethanol Preservation Act and other treatment and initial save sample collection.
5.3.7.2 DNA extraction. First, the sample pretreatment, and then using phenol - chloroform extraction method, a guanidine thiocyanate
Extraction (GuSCN) lysis, Chelex-100 boiling, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) two-step method
DNA.
5.3.7.3 polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA. Select the appropriate genetic markers (such as lines
Mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, etc.), specific fragments were amplified by PCR, and then sequencing or genotyping.
6 observations contents and index
Bird observatory content and indicators in Table 1.
7 observation time and frequency
Migratory bird has characteristics shall be determined according to the concept of objective observation and observation area birds breeding, migration and wintering habits
Measured time.
Table 1 bird observatory contents and index
Content observations observation survey methodology
Category field survey
Sex ratio (male. female) field investigation
A proportion of young (adult. child) field investigation
Population structure
Species residence type and field survey data Buyers
The number of species of bird diversity in the field survey
The number of each species population field survey
Rare, endangered and endemic species field survey and interview survey
Rare, endangered and endemic species, the number of field survey and interview survey
Rare, endangered and endemic species living conditions of field surveys and interviews Survey
Rare, endangered and endemic
Bird Resources
The main threats field survey and interview survey
Anthropogenic interference with activity type field survey and interview survey
The intensity of human disturbance activities field survey and interview survey
Suitable habitat area field survey
Habitat condition
Suitable habitat patches of field investigation situation
Spring migration start time field survey and interview survey
Fall migration start time field survey and interview survey
Changes in the number of species migration during the field survey
Migration activity patterns
Migratory species population changes each time the field survey
7.1 breeding bird observatory
Observation time is usually from the beginning of the breeding season until the end of the breeding season, including the entire breeding season, or select one of the
The time period of observation. In China generally from March to July, but the propagation time in different regions have very different breeding
Birds singing the peak of the occupied zone is the best observation time. Bird observatory breeding season, should be carried out at least twice, and pre-breeding
Late breeding each carry 1 times.
7.2 wintering bird observatory
Usually the number of wintering population relatively stable stage. In the case of sufficient funds and manpower available in the annual 10
Months to conduct once a month observational next March; at the lack of funds and manpower, choose December or January next year to carry out 1
Observations.
7.3 of migratory bird observatory
Typically include the entire migration period, in our country mainly in spring and autumn. According to financial and manpower situation, to carry out a month
Once or weekly observations.
7.4 observation time
Determine the time of day according to the observation of birds periods of peak activity. Weather for the time of observation should be sunny or cloudy weather, rain
Or windy weather can not carry out observations. Generally within three hours after sunrise the morning to observe, high and within three hours the evening before sunset
Altitude observation time should be done in advance or delay the appropriate time based on bird activity.
8 Data processing and analysis
Measure α diversity and β diversity of methods, see Appendix H.
9 quality control and safety management
9.1 strictly scientific, operability and sustainability principles to select plots. In the first line to determine the sample or sample points should be taken
Necessary protective measures to ensure the long-term effectiveness transects or sample points.
9.2 observer should receive professional training, and have some field experience, master bird identification, estimation techniques from the field
Surgery, grasp observation procedures and methods. Fill in strict accordance with the norms record sheet, the original records you want to archive and long-term preservation. Numerical test
Test and calculations are performed according to the provisions of GB/T 8170's.
9.3 should be finishing, audit and inspection observation data, and timely necessary complement to ensure the accuracy of t...
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