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HJ 710.13-2016: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. bees
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Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. bees
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 710.13-2016 (HJ710.13-2016) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. bees | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z06 | | Word Count Estimation | 17,194 | | Date of Issue | 2016-05-04 | | Date of Implementation | 2016-08-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 7714; HJ 623; HJ 628 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Announcement No. 35 of 2016 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 710.13-2016: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. bees---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring.bees
National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic
Biodiversity Observation Technology Guide Bees
Published on May 4,.2016
2016-8-1 Implementation
Ministry of Environmental Protection released
Content
Foreword.ii
1 Scope..1
2 Normative references..1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Observation Principles..1
5 Observation methods..2
6 Observations and indicators..6
7 Observation time and frequency..6
8 Data Processing and Analysis..6
9 Quality Control and Safety Management.6
10 Observation Report Preparation 7
Appendix A (informative) Sample line observation data record table.8
Appendix B (informative appendix) Sample Habitat and Human Disturbance Activity Record Table 9
Appendix C (informative appendix) sample method/Malay network method observation data record table. 10
Appendix D (Informative Appendix) Habitat Type Table.11
Appendix E (informative) Classification of human interference activities..12
Appendix F (Informative Appendix) Calculation Method for Important Parameters.13
Appendix G (informative appendix) Bee observation report writing format 15
Foreword
To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "The Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and
National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030), regulating China's biodiversity observation work,
Develop this standard.
This standard specifies the main content, technical requirements and methods of bee diversity observation.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E, Appendix F, and Appendix G of this standard are informative annexes.
This standard is the first release.
This standard belongs to the same series of technical guidelines for biodiversity observation series as the following standards.
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observations, Terrestrial Vascular Plants (HJ 710.1);
Biodiversity Observations Technical Guidelines Lichens and Moss (HJ 710.2);
Biodiversity observation technology guidelines for terrestrial mammals (HJ 710.3);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Techniques (HJ 710.4);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Techniques Reptiles (HJ 710.5);
Biodiversity observation technology guidelines for amphibians (HJ 710.6);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observations in Inland Waters (HJ 710.7);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Techniques Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates (HJ 710.8);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Technology Butterfly (HJ 710.9);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Techniques for large and medium-sized soil animals (HJ 710.10);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Techniques for Large Fungi (HJ 710.11);
Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Techniques Aquatic Vascular Plants (HJ 710.□□).
This standard was formulated by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard was drafted. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on May 4,.2016.
This standard has been implemented since August 1,.2016.
This standard is explained by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Biodiversity Observation Technology Guide Bees
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the main content, technical requirements and methods of bee diversity observation within the People's Republic of China.
This standard applies to the observation of the diversity of bees within the People's Republic of China.
The bees referred to in this standard cover all species in the apodea bee.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the following documents or their terms. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
In this standard.
GB/T 7714 post-reference reference description rules
HJ 623 Regional Biodiversity Assessment Standard
HJ 628 Biological Genetic Resources Collection Technical Specification (Trial)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Line line transect
Refers to a route selected by the observer within the observation plot. The observer records what appears in a certain space along the route
Related information.
3.2
Sample section
In the ideal case, the lengths of the segments are equal, and the habitat types are the same in each segment.
3.3
Quadrat sampling method
Refers to the method by which the observer counts the animal entities or activity traces seen in the set sample.
3.4
Bee fabe bee fauna
Refers to the formation of historical development and under modern ecological conditions, a specific geographical area or a specific time
The total number of bee species present.
3.5
Dominant species
Refers to species that have a significant control over the formation of community structures and community environments. They are usually the number of individuals,
For species with high biomass and strong living ability, the number of individuals with dominant species usually accounts for more than 10% of the total number of individuals in the community.
4 Principles of observation
4.1 Scientific principles
The observation plots and observation objects should be representative and fully reflect the overall condition of the bee communities in the observation area;
Uniform, standardized observation methods can observe trends in the dynamics of bee species and their populations.
4.2 Principle of operability
The observation plan should consider the conditions of manpower, capital and logistical support, and the observation site should have certain traffic and
Working conditions.
4.3 Principle of sustainability
Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and can guide biodiversity conservation and management.
The role of early warning. The observation plots, sample lines, observation time and frequency should not be arbitrarily changed once determined.
4.4 Protective principles
The observation process should minimize interference with organisms and their habitats, and conduct non-invasive sampling in accordance with HJ 628.
Avoid frequent observations beyond objective needs.
4.5 Security Principles
Observations have certain characteristics of field work, and observers should receive relevant professional training and take safety protection measures.
5 Methods of observation
5.1 Observation preparation
5.1.1 Determining the target of observation
The target of bee observation mainly includes. mastering the species composition and population dynamics of bees in the observation area; analyzing habitat changes and ring
Impacts of environmental factors such as environmental pollution and climate change on the diversity of bees; or assessment of bee protection measures and policies
Effectiveness, and propose adaptive management measures.
5.1.2 Selecting an Observing Object
The observation object is determined based on the observation target. The observed object may be an adult, egg, or larva of all bee species in a certain area.
Harmony, etc., can also be used for a certain group or certain specific species (rare and endangered species, protected species, invasive alien species,
Widespread species, indicator species, etc.) for observation.
5.1.3 Determining the observation area
Select an observation area based on the observation target, such as assessing the effectiveness of bee protection measures and policies, and choose a nature reserve
Observe and so on.
5.1.4 Background survey
If the status of bee diversity in the observation area is not known, a background resource survey can be conducted to develop an observation plan.
get ready.
5.1.5 Develop an observation plan
The contents of the observation plan include. observation purpose, observation object, sample plot and sample line setting, observation method, observation content and index
Marking, observation time and frequency, data processing, quality control and safety management.
5.1.6 Training Observers
Before the implementation of the plan, the observer should carry out bee classification and identification knowledge, observation methods and operation specifications, field safety protection, etc.
Training, proficient in bee observation technology and safety protection measures.
5.1.7 Preparing observation instruments and tools
Including insect nets (sweeping nets, Malay nets), artificial nest tubes, collection boxes, observation boxes, pencils, cameras, global settings
Position system (GPS) instrument, wind meter, color trap, magnifying glass or dissection mirror, bee identification manual, record sheet, etc.
5.2 Setting the observation plot
5.2.1 Using systematic sampling method or stratified random sampling method, calculate the sample size according to the observation target and observation requirements, and set
Observe the plot.
5.2.2 When stratified random sampling is used, stratification can be carried out according to factors such as habitat type, climate, elevation, and land use type.
5.3 Sample line method
5.3.1 Set a number of sample lines along the road, trails and trails in the selected plot. The sample line should cover all habitat classes in the plot
Type, there should be more than 2 sample lines for each habitat type. Each sample line is preferably 250 m to.2000 m in length, depending on the ecosystem.
The characteristics of the system are properly adjusted, and the sample line is divided into sample segments. Each sample number is marked with the same length and each sample segment is endogenous.
The type of land or land use is the same.
5.3.2 After selecting the sample line, measure the coordinates with a GPS locator and mark the route of the sample line on the 1.10000 map.
5.3.3 Observe slowly along the sample line during observation, the observation speed is 3 m/min, record the sample line around 1.0 m, the surface and the top 2.0
The type and quantity of all bees in the range of m (Fig. 1), encountering bees visiting flowers, recording the types of flowering plants, and visiting time
Etc. For observations such as observation data, see Appendix A, B and D. Do not repeat counting the same individual and the bees behind. On a cliff or
At the water's edge, data with a width of 2.0 m on one side can be recorded along the sample line.
5.3.4 If a hive or bee colony (social) is encountered, the number of bees is too large to register an estimate or count after using the camera.
5.3.5 For the types that cannot be determined, a small amount of laboratory identification and statistical records are brought back.
5.3.6 It is advisable to use 2 persons and 1 group for observation, 1 person to investigate and observe, 1 person to record, net catch and photograph (for undetermined
kind).
5.3.7 The selected sample line may be changed if it is determined to be inappropriate after the first year of observation, but shall remain unchanged thereafter.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the sample line observation range
5.4 sample method
5.4.1 In the selected plot, separate plots are created for different habitat types. Each sample is equivalent to 1 ha, which can be
The characteristics of the ecosystem are appropriately adjusted. The square is as long as 100 m long and 100 m wide, depending on the actual terrain.
Adjust the shape. The sample side should be avoided at the junction of different habitat types.
5.4.2 Daily net catching in the sample. Use the insect net to follow the diagonal of the sample or select the route according to the actual terrain to 5 m/min
Speed travel, sweeping the plant canopy bees (Figure 2), investigating the species, quantity and number of all bees in the insect net
For basic information such as the type of habitat within the sample, and the observation data, see Appendix C. After the type is determined, it will be released in situ;
The types that can be determined are taken back to the laboratory for identification and statistical records.
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0 2.0 Unit. m
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of sweeping net collection operation
5.5 Color Plate Method
10 to 15 plastic color plates of 7 cm in diameter are placed equidistantly on the opposite sides of the square (Fig. 3), each of which is separately
Spray 1/3 bright blue, 1/3 bright yellow and 1/3 white, place 4 g/L soapy water in the color plate or dissolve in the wash.
The liquid is about.200 ml. Sampling after 4~6 hours, when using the small net to filter the soapy water in the dish, collect the bees in the dish.
In the small plastic bottle, add absolute ethanol, record the collection time, the collection person, the acquisition number, the latitude and longitude and the altitude and other geographical letters.
Interest, brought back to the laboratory for statistical analysis after the expert identification.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of color layout in the sample square
5.6 Malay network method
5.6.1 Within the observation plot, select the different habitat types to deploy the Malay network separately. The layout of the Malay network should cover the sample area.
All habitat types. At least 1 to 3 sets of Male's nets shall be laid in each type of habitat, and the spacing of multiple Male's nets shall be greater than 500 m.
Based on the Malay network, set a fixed observation area of 20 m × 20 m, and investigate the vegetation type, density and coverage within the area.
Basic information.
5.6.2 The Malay network uses the internationally accepted Malay network Type I and Type II. Malay's I type front is 180 cm high, rear
It is 110 cm high, 165 cm long and 116 cm wide; the front of the Malay Net II is 180 m high, the rear is 110 cm high and 165 cm long.
180 cm wide; the material is made of polyethylene mesh mesh of 100 mesh or more, and the mesh height of 110 cm or less is black, 110
The upper part of the cm is white, and the mesh is tightly connected between the front and the insect collector, and a collection of 3 to 4 cm in diameter is left.
The collector is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is connected with the net body, and the lower part is used for holding the anhydrous ethanol collecting liquid and can be replaced (figure
4). When deploying the Malay network, make sure that the central opening is facing the space of the biological corridor, streams, shrubs, low or empty.
5.6.3 The collection bottle should be filled with absolute ethanol and sampled every 10~15 days. When sampling, unscrew the collection bottle and tighten it quickly.
Cap, record the Malay network number, acquisition time, collector, acquisition number, etc., measure and record the horse with GPS locator
Geographical information such as latitude and longitude and altitude at the location of the network.
5.6.4 According to the information of the Marais network, the collection time, the collector, the acquisition number, etc., separate the needle and insert the specimen.
After the expert identification, statistical information is collected.
Figure 4 Specifications, structure and physical map of the Malay network (a, b. Malay network type I; c, d. Malay network type II)
5.7 Nesting method
5.7.1 In the observation plot, select different types of habitats to place nest boxes (100 nests of different specifications are placed in each nest box).
tube). The layout of the nest box should cover all habitat types within the plot. Place at least 4~5 nest boxes for each type of habitat, multiple nest boxes
The spacing should be greater than 20 m. Centered on the nest box, it is set to a fixed observation area of 300 m × 300 m.
Basic information such as flower plant type, density and coverage.
5.7.2 The nest tube method uses a material such as reed, paper tube, bamboo, wooden block, etc. to make a closed tube with one end open and closed.
Bundle and put into plastic containers, wooden boxes, etc. to make nest boxes, or directly drill holes of different diameters and depths on wood.
Entrap the bee resources. The commonly used nest tube length is 12~20 cm, the inner diameter is 7~12 mm, and the nest tube needs to be placed in the open sun.
The location of the nest is generally southeast or southwest, and the height of the nest is generally less than 2 m from the ground (Figure
5).
5.7.3 Collect once every 10~15 days and bring it back to the laboratory for observation, record the number of nesting nest tube, collection time, collector,
Specimen collection number, etc., use GPS locator to measure and record geographic information such as latitude, longitude and altitude of the position of the nest tube.
Figure 5 Schematic diagram and physical map of the nest tube method
6 Observations and indicators
6.1 Observations mainly include. species composition, population dynamics, spatial distribution, threat level, habitat status, etc.
6.2 Observation indicators should be clearly defined, measurable, simple and practical, and the collection cost should be relatively low.
6.3 Observation indicators include the species, population size, sex ratio, life history, natural enemies, threatened factors, habitat types,
Plant phenology, vegetation type, climate, hydrology, etc.
7 Observation time and frequency
7.1 Generally observe once a week throughout the year; or observe 1 or 2 times a month, each time more than 15 days; also every year
Observed 2 times from June to August, each time more than 20 days apart.
7.2 Observations should be carried out on a sunny day (sunlight is sufficient to project a figure) and the wind speed is less than 9 km/h. The observation time can be seasoned.
And weather changes, but should avoid the hot weather in summer.
7.3 Once the time and frequency of observation have been determined, they should be kept constant for a long time to facilitate inter-annual data analysis.
8 Data processing and analysis
See Appendix F for important parameter calculation methods.
9 Quality Control and Safety Management
9.1 Observers should master field observation standards and related knowledge, participate in relevant professional training, and strictly follow the standard requirements.
Observe the site selection, sample line setting and observation, and fill in the record form carefully.
9.2 Take appropriate measures to protect the sample plots and sample lines.
9.3 Establish a data review procedure to comprehensively and meticulously review the accuracy and completeness of the observed data and find suspicious and missing
Data is remedy in a timely manner, converting all types of data into electronic documents.
9.4 Establish a data backup system and back up all observation data and documents (CD, hard disk). Check every six months and more
New backup data once to prevent data loss due to storage media issues.
9.5 Equipped with necessary protective equipment, supplies and emergency medicines to ensure safety and prevent poisonous snakes and insect bites.
Observations can be made to ensure single-person work while ensuring personal safety.
9.6 There is a risk of stinging bees during the bee observation process, and vomiting, tinnitus, and breathing after spurting
It is difficult to wait for serious adverse reactions and should seek medical advice promptly.
Pipe box
support
Lace
Nest tube
Tube barrel
10 Observation report preparation
The bee observation report should include the foreword, the observation area overview, the observation method, the species composition of the bee, the distribution of the fauna,
Population dynamics, threats, countermeasures, etc. See Appendix G for the format of the observation report.
Appendix A
(informative appendix)
Sample line observation data record
See Table A for the standard midline sample observation data records.
Table A Sample line observation data record
Observation location. Sample line number. Sample line length. Observation date.
Weather. Temperature. Humidity. Wind speed.
Starting point latitude and longitude. End point latitude and longitude. Altitude.
Habitat Type. Vegetation Type. Hydrological Characteristics.
Start time. End time. Recorder. Observer.
Sample line establishment time. Plant phenology.
Bee dominant species. Sample.
No. Bee Chinese name bee name interviewed plant name
bee
Quantity gender
Life history
Natural enemies and other animals and plants
Interference situation
Remarks
Appendix B
(informative appendix)
Sample habitat and human disturbance activity record
See Table B for the habitat types and human disturbance activity records for the standard mid-sample.
Table B Sample Habitat and Human Disturbance Activity Record
Habitat type human interference activity sample
Numbering
Sample length
Degree (m) Description of dominant plant species code description type strength
Appendix C
(informative appendix)
Sample method/Malley network observation data record table
See Table C for the standard sample method/Malley network observation data record.
Table C Sample Method/Malay Net Method Observation Data Record Table
Observation location. Sample line number. Sample line length. Observation date.
Weather. Temperature. Humidity. Wind speed.
Starting point latitude and longitude. End point latitude and longitude. Altitude.
Habitat Type. Vegetation Type. Hydrological Characteristics.
Start time. End time. Recorder. Observer.
Type of human interference activity. Human disturbance intensity. Sample number. Sample establishment time.
Plant phenology. bee dominant species. Remarks.
Bee, Chinese name, bee name
Interview with the name of the plant
bee
Quantity gender
Life history
stage
Natural enemies and other moves
Plant interference situation color palette color
Remarks
Appendix D
(informative appendix)
Habitat type table
See Table D for the standard habitat type records.
Table D Habitat Type Table
The first level is divided into A to I, and the second level has a number of second level habitat types. Select one for the first and second level habitat types.
A Qiao Mulin B shrubs and cutting sites
Rainforest
2. Jiu Yulin
3. Evergreen broad-leaved forest
4. Evergreen, deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest
Deciduous broad-leaved forest
6. Evergreen coniferous forest
Deciduous coniferous forest
8. Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest
9. Mature plantation (height > 10 m, large coverage)
10. Young plantation (height 5-10 m, small cover)
Shrub
2.< 5 m natural young woodland (regenerated natural or semi-natural woodland)
3.< 5 m artificial young woodland
4. Harvesting land (new seedling planting)
5. Harvesting land (no new seedlings planted)
6. Bamboo forest
7. Other
C farmland D grassland
Paddy field
Dry field
3. Orchard
4. Other agricultural land
Meadow grassland
2. Typical grassland
3. Desert grassland
4. Alpine grassland
E Desert/Gobi F settlement
Gobi
2. Desert
3. Oasis
4. Salt desert
Town
Suburb
3. Park
4. Country
G inland water body edge H coastal
1. Pond (< 200 m2)
2. Small lakes (200 ~ 450 m2)
3. Large lakes ( >450 m2)
4. Creek (width < 3 m)
5. River (width ≥ 3 m)
6. Artificial canal
Estuary
2. Spread along the beach
3. Saltwater lagoon
4. Mangroves
I swamp
Woody swamp
2. Herb Swamp
3. Peat moss swamp
Appendix E
(informative appendix)
Human disturbance activity classification table
See Table E for the classification records of human interference activities in the standard.
Table E Classification of Human Interference Activities
Interference type interference intensity
1. Real estate development;
2. Road construction;
3. Railway construction;
4. Mineral resources development (including quarrying, dredging, etc.);
5. Tourism development;
A. Development and construction
6. Pipeline, wind power, hydropower, thermal power, photovoltaic power generation,
Development and construction activities such as river improvement.
1. Make a field around the lake;
2. Afforestation around the lake;
3. Beach farming;
4. Reclamation of land;
5. Prairie fences;
6. Destroy the grass;
B. Agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery activities
7. Destroy the forest.
Water pollution
2. Air pollution;
3. Soil pollution;
4. Solid waste discharge;
C. Environmental pollution
5. Noise pollution.
Grazing
2. felling;
3. Collection;
4. Fishing;
5. Hunting;
6. Mowing the grass;
7. Spray pesticides;
8. Fertilization;
9. Farming;
D. Other
10. Fire;
11. Artificial beekeeping;
12. Road traffic, etc.
Divided into four levels of strong, medium, weak and no.
□ Strong. Habitat is seriously disturbed; vegetation is basically eliminated
Lost; wild animals are difficult to inhabit and multiply.
□ Medium. habitat is disturbed; vegetation partially disappears,
But after the disturbance disappears, the vegetation can still recover;
Inhabi...
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