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Technical specification for green-design product assessment - Polyethylene terephthalate resin
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HG/T 5871-2021: PDF in English (HGT 5871-2021) HG/T 5871-2021
HG
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.020.20
Z 04
Technical specification for green-design product assessment -
Polyethylene terephthalate resin
ISSUED ON: MARCH 05, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2021
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Assessment principles and methods ... 6
5 Assessment requirements ... 7
6 Preparation method for product life cycle assessment report ... 10
Appendix A (Normative) Indicator calculation method ... 12
Appendix B (Informative) Life cycle assessment method for polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) resin ... 14
Technical specification for green-design product assessment -
Polyethylene terephthalate resin
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, assessment principles and methods,
assessment requirements, product life cycle assessment report preparation methods for
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin green design products.
This standard applies to the assessment of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin green
design products, which are produced by the direct esterification process.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2589 General principles for calculation of the comprehensive energy
consumption
GB 12348 Emission standard for industrial enterprises noise at boundary
GB/T 14189 Fiber grade polyester chip (PET)
GB 17167 General principle for equipping and managing of the measuring
instrument of energy in organization of energy using
GB/T 17593.1 Textiles - Determination of heavy metals - Part 1: Atomic absorption
spectrophotometry
GB/T 17931 Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) resin for bottles
GB/T 19001 Quality management systems - Requirements
GB/T 23331 Energy management systems - Requirements with guidance for use
GB/T 24001 Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for
use
GB/T 24040 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and
frameworks
GB/T 24044 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements
and guidelines
GB 31572 Emission standard of pollutants for synthetic resin industry
GB 31604.49 National food safety standard - Food contact materials and articles -
Determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead; migration of arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc
GB/T 32161 General principles for eco-design product assessment
GB/T 32685 Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) for industrial use
GB 37822 Standard for fugitive emission of volatile organic compounds
GB/T 45001 Occupational health and safety management systems - Requirements
with guidance for use
AQ/T 9006 Basic norms for work safety standardization of enterprises
SH/T 1817 Plastics - Determination of residual acetaldehyde in polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) resin for bottles - Headspace gas chromatography
Measures for the Disclosure of Environmental Information of Enterprises and
Institutions (Order No.31 of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the
People's Republic of China, December 19, 2014)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Green-design product
Products that meet product performance and safety requirements, with low energy
consumption, low pollution emissions, low environmental impact, harmless to
human health, easy recycling and reuse, in the entire life cycle of raw material
acquisition, product production, use, waste disposal, under the premise of meeting
technical feasibility and economic rationality.
3.2
Life cycle
A series of linked stages in the product system, from the acquisition of raw materials
from nature or natural resources to final disposal.
3.3
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
The stage of understanding and evaluating the potential environmental impact and
importance of the product system throughout the product life cycle.
3.4
Direct esterification
A method of producing esters by direct reaction of acids and alcohols. High-purity
terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol are prepared, according to the molar ratio, to
form fluid bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, then poly-condensed to obtain PET.
4 Assessment principles and methods
4.1 Assessment principles
4.1.1 Principle of combining life cycle assessment with indicator assessment
Based on the principle of combining life cycle assessment with indicator assessment,
the entire life cycle of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin products is considered;
the resource and energy consumption, ecological environment, human health factors of
each stage are deeply analyzed from product design, raw material acquisition, product
production, product use, post-waste recycling, comprehensive utilization of the
industrial "three wastes" produced, to select the indicators that can be evaluated at
different stages to form an assessment indicator system.
4.1.2 Principle of optimal selection of environmental impact types
Based on the characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin products and
production process characteristics, taking into account the types of environmental
impacts that are of high social concern and clearly required by national laws or policies,
select the key resource attributes, energy attributes, environmental attributes, product
attributes for assessment. This technical specification selects indicators such as raw
material unit consumption, fresh water consumption, waste recovery and resource
utilization rate, unit product comprehensive energy consumption, unit product
wastewater discharge, organic waste liquid harmless treatment rate, heavy metal,
aldehyde content for assessment.
4.2 Assessment method and process
4.2.1 Assessment method
Technologies, processes, equipment that are eliminated or prohibited by the state or
relevant departments shall not be used. Clean production audits shall be actively
promoted.
5.1.2 Materials that are eliminated or prohibited by the state or industry shall not be
used. Restricted materials shall not be selected beyond the scope. Manufacturers shall
continue to pay attention to harmful substances, that are banned by the state and industry.
5.1.3 Pollutant emissions from manufacturers shall meet the requirements of national
and local pollutant emission standards; strictly implement relevant national standards
for energy conservation and environmental protection. The management of hazardous
wastes shall comply with the requirements of national and local regulations.
5.1.4 The total amount of pollutants controlled by manufacturers shall meet the national
and local pollutant emission total amount control indicators.
5.1.5 The enterprise of the product to be evaluated has no major production safety and
sudden environmental pollution incidents, within 3 years as of the assessment date.
5.1.6 The level of enterprise safety production standardization shall meet the
requirements of AQ/T 9006.
5.1.7 Production enterprises shall be equipped with energy metering instruments in
accordance with GB 17167.
5.1.8 Production enterprises shall establish and operate environmental management
systems, quality management systems, occupational health and safety management
systems in accordance with GB/T 24001, GB/T 19001, GB/T 45001 (or the
occupational health and safety management system of petrochemical enterprises); carry
out energy consumption and material consumption assessments and establish
assessment systems; or establish and operate energy management systems in
accordance with GB/T 23331.
5.1.9 Enterprises are encouraged to dispose of or recycle surplus products and
packaging.
5.1.10 Enterprises are encouraged to disclose environmental information in accordance
with Articles 9 ~ 12 of the Measures for the Disclosure of Environmental Information
of Enterprises and Institutions. Enterprises are encouraged to commit to implementing
responsible care.
5.2 Assessment index requirements
The index system consists of primary indicators and secondary indicators. Primary
indicators include resource attribute indicators, energy attribute indicators,
environmental attribute indicators, product attribute indicators. The benchmark values
of assessment indicators are shown in Table 1.
The calculation method of each index is based on Appendix A.
6 Preparation method for product life cycle assessment
report
6.1 Assessment report preparation method
Prepare the life cycle assessment report of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin,
according to the life cycle assessment method and framework, general requirements
and appendix given in GB/T 24040, GB/T 24044, GB/T 32161. Refer to Appendix B
of this standard.
6.2 Assessment report content
6.2.1 Basic information
The report shall provide basic information such as report information, applicant
information, assessment object information, adopted standard information. The report
information includes the report number, the compiler, the reviewer, the release date, etc.
The applicant information includes the full name of the company, the organization code,
the address, the contact person, the contact information, etc. The assessment object
information includes the product model/type, the main technical parameters, the
manufacturer and the factory address, etc. The adopted standard information shall
include the standard name and standard number.
6.2.2 Conformity assessment
The report shall provide the conformity with the basic requirements and the assessment
index requirements; provide a description of the improvement of all assessment
indicators in the reporting period compared with the base period. The reporting period
is the current assessment year, which is generally the year before the year when product
participates in the assessment; the base period is a comparison year, which is generally
one year ahead of the reporting period.
6.2.3 Life cycle assessment
6.2.3.1 Assessment objects and tools
The report shall describe the assessment object, functional unit, main functions of the
product in detail; provide the material composition and main technical parameter table
of the product; draw and explain the system boundary of the product; disclose the
software tools used.
This part is expressed in tons of product mass as the functional unit.
6.2.3.2 Life cycle inventory analysis
The report shall provide the life cycle stages considered; explain the inventory factors
considered in each stage and the collected field data or background data; explain the
allocation method and results in the case of data allocation.
6.2.3.3 Life cycle impact assessment
The report shall provide the characterization values of different impact types at each
stage of the product life cycle; compare and analyze the distribution of different impact
types at each stage of the life cycle.
6.2.3.4 Eco-design improvement plan
Propose a specific plan for improving green product design, based on the results of the
conformity assessment of the analysis indicators and the results of the life cycle
assessment.
6.2.4 Main conclusions of assessment report
It shall describe the conformity conclusion of the product to the assessment indicators,
the results of the life cycle assessment, the proposed improvement plan; preliminarily
judge whether the product is a green design product based on the assessment conclusion.
6.2.5 Attachments
The report shall provide the following in the attachments:
a) Original product packaging diagram;
b) Product production material list;
c) Product process table (product production process, etc.);
d) Data collection table for each unit process;
e) Others.
Appendix B
(Informative)
Life cycle assessment method for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin
B.1 Purpose
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin has an impact on the environment during raw
material production, production process control, product transportation. By evaluating
the environmental impact of the entire life cycle of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
resin, a green design improvement plan for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin is
proposed, thereby greatly improving the environmental friendliness of polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) resin.
B.2 Scope
B.2.1 General
Determine the scope of the assessment according to the purpose of the assessment, to
ensure that the two are compatible.
When defining the scope of the life cycle assessment (LCA), the following shall be
considered and clearly described.
B.2.2 Functional unit
The functional unit must be clearly defined and measurable. This part uses the
production of tons of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin as the functional unit.
B.2.3 System boundary
The system boundary of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin product's life cycle
defined in this Appendix is divided into stages such as raw materials, reaction,
pelletizing, quality inspection, packaging, transportation, sales. Subsequent product
processing, waste and other links shall also be fully considered in the preparation of the
report, especially the corresponding requirements such as quality control indicators and
safety, as shown in Figure B.1.
Figure B.1 -- System boundary diagram of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
resin product's life cycle
The coverage period of the life cycle assessment shall be within the specified period.
Raw
materials Reaction pelletizing
Quality
inspection Packaging Transport Sales
The data shall reflect a representative period (valid values within the last 3 years). If
valid values within the last 3 years cannot be obtained, specific explanations shall be
given.
Raw material data shall be in the location/region involved in the production and use of
the product.
Production process data shall be in the location/region involved in the production of the
final product.
B.2.4 Data selection principle
There are many types of unit process data; the data shall be appropriately selected. The
principles are as follows:
a) All energy inputs are listed;
b) All raw material inputs are listed;
c) The input of auxiliary materials with a mass less than 0.3% of the total raw
material consumption can be ignored;
d) All emissions to the atmosphere and water bodies are listed;
e) General solid waste less than 1% of the total solid waste emissions can be ignored;
f) The infrastructure of roads and plant buildings, equipment of each process, the
consumption and emissions of personnel and living facilities in the plant area are
ignored;
g) Any toxic and hazardous materials and substances shall be included in the list and
cannot be ignored.
B.3 Life cycle inventory analysis
B.3.1 General
A list of all material/energy inputs and pollutant outputs, within the boundary of the
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin product system, shall be compiled, as the basis
for product life cycle assessment. If there are special circumstances, abnormal points or
other problems in the data list, they shall be clearly stated in the report.
When data collection is completed, the collected data shall be reviewed. Then determine
the basic flow of each unit process; calculate the quantitative input and output of the
unit process based on this. After that, divide the input and output data of each unit
process by the output of the product, to obtain the resource consumption and
environmental emissions of the functional unit. Finally, sum the data of the same
influencing factors in each unit process of the product, to obtain the total amount of the
within the scope determined by the enterprise's production unit.
b) Integrity: Field data shall collect complete life cycle requirements data.
c) Accuracy: Resource, energy, raw material consumption data in field data shall
come from actual production statistical records of production units;
environmental emission data shall preferably be selected from relevant
environmental monitoring reports, or calculated by emission factors or material
balance formulas. All field data must be converted into unit product, that is,
calculated on the basis of grams per cubic meter (g/m3); detailed records of
relevant original data, data sources, calculation process, etc. are required.
d) Consistency: When collecting field data, enterprises shall maintain the same data
source, statistical caliber, processing specifications, etc.
Typical field data sources include:
- Raw material procurement and pre-processing;
- Transportation data of raw materials from raw material suppliers to polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) resin manufacturers;
- Carbon energy and water resource consumption data in the production process;
- Raw material distribution and usage data;
- Packaging material data, including raw material packaging data;
- Product production site's "three wastes" discharge and resource utilization data;
- Transportation data from manufacturers to distributors;
- Data on production wastewater consumption by sewage treatment plants.
B.3.2.3 Background data collection
Background data is not data directly measured or calculated. The source of the data
used shall be clearly documented and included in the product life cycle assessment
report.
The quality requirements for background data include:
a) Representativeness: Background data shall give priority to data from upstream
product LCA reports provided by the company's raw material suppliers, that meet
the requirements of relevant LCA standards and are independently verified by a
third party. If not available, public LCA data representing the average production
level in China shall be given priority; the reference period of the data shall give
priority to recent data. In the absence of domestic data that meets the requirements,
foreign similar technical data can be selected as background data.
b) Integrity: The system boundary of the background data shall be from resource
extraction to the exit-factory of these raw and auxiliary materials or energy
products.
c) Consistency: All selected background data shall fully cover the life cycle
inventory factors determined in this part; the background data shall be converted
into a consistent material list before calculation.
B.3.2.4 Raw material procurement and pre-processing
This stage begins with the extraction of resources from nature and ends with the entry
of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin products into product production facilities,
including:
a) Mining and extraction;
b) Pre-processing of all materials, such as catalyst preparation and activation;
c) Raw material purification, conversion and recycled materials;
d) Raw material pre-treatment and pipeline transportation.
B.3.2.5 Production
This stage begins when the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin product enters the
production facility and ends when the product leaves the production storage facility.
Production activities include synthesis, refining, transportation of semi-finished
products, recycling of by-products, harmless treatment of "three wastes".
B.3.2.6 Product distribution
This stage distributes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin products to distributors in
various places. They can be stored at various points along the supply chain, including
transportation methods, vehicle types, fuel consumption, loading rates, empty return
quantities, transportation distances, commodity transportation distribution based on
load limiting factors (i.e., high-density product mass and low-density product volume),
fuel usage of transportation vehicles.
B.3.2.7 Use stage
This stage begins when consumers own the product and ends when the polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) resin volatilizes to the environment during use, including usage
patterns, resource consumption during use, etc.
B.3.2.8 Logistics
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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