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HJ 710.1-2014 English PDF

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HJ 710.1-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. terrestrial vascular plants
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HG/T 5871   GB/T 27611   GB/T 20861   HJ 710.14   HJ 710.2   HJ 710.10   

Basic data

Standard ID HJ 710.1-2014 (HJ710.1-2014)
Description (Translated English) Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. terrestrial vascular plants
Sector / Industry Environmental Protection Industry Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard Z04
Word Count Estimation 35,329
Date of Issue 10/31/2014
Date of Implementation 1/1/2015
Quoted Standard GB/T 7714; GB/T 17296; HJ 623; HJ 628; NY/T 87; NY/T 88; NY/T 1121.4; NY/T 1121.6; NY/T 1121.24; NY/T 1377; LY/T 1223
Regulation (derived from) Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74
Issuing agency(ies) Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Summary This standard specifies the main content of land vascular plant diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the observation within the scope of People's Republic of China land vascular plant diversity.

HJ 710.1-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. terrestrial vascular plants

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Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring.terrestrial vascular plants People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards Issued on.2014-10-31 2015-01-01 implementation Ministry of Environmental Protection released

Table of Contents

Preface ..ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions ..1 4 observations Principle 2 5 Observation Method 2 6 Observations content and indicators .12 7 observation time and frequency .12 8 Data processing and analysis .12 9 quality control and safety management ..12 Observing the preparation of 1310 Report Appendix A (informative) observation plots (plot) .14 meter register Annex B (informative) before observation plots Information Form 15 Annex C (informative) characteristics of soil profile survey ..16 Annex D (informative) in forests and greater than or equal to 1 cm diameter at breast height of trees and shrubs record sheet .17 Appendix E (normative) in forests and greater than or equal to 1 cm diameter at breast height of trees and shrubs to repeat (dynamic) observation record form ..18 Annex F (informative) forest plots smaller than 1 cm diameter trees and shrubs observation record sheet ..20 Annex G (informative) forest plots smaller than 1 cm diameter at breast height of trees and shrubs to repeat (dynamic) observation record form ..21 Appendix H (informative) dwarf shrub Shrub Plant observation record sheet ..22 Annex I (informative) dwarf shrub Shrub plant repeat (dynamic) observation record form ..23 Appendix J (informative) herbaceous species composition survey record sheet .24 Annex K (informative) .25 landforms Annex L (informative) 26 plots slope calculation method Annex M (informative) phenophase representation 27 Annex N (informative) reed (Drude) abundance level 28 Annex O (informative) Classification of Human Interference .29 Appendix P (informative) Data processing and analysis methods ..30 Appendix Q (informative) Vascular Plants observation report writing format ..32

Foreword

To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "Regulations on the Protection of Wild Plants People's Republic of China", Regulation Fan of observations of biological diversity, the development of this standard. This standard specifies the main content of land vascular plant diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods. The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q is for information attached record. This standard is the first release. This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization. This standard is mainly drafted by. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences. This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval. This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation. The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Technical Guidelines for the observation of biodiversity land vascular plants

1 Scope

This standard specifies the main content of land vascular plant diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the observation within the scope of People's Republic of China land vascular plant diversity.

2 Normative references

This standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated references, the latest edition of To this standard. GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules GB/T 17296 Chinese soil classification and codes HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity HJ 628 genetic resources collection technical specification (Trial) NY/T 87 Determination of soil total K NY/T 88 Soil Phosphorus Test NY/T 1121.4 soil testing - Part 4. Soil bulk density NY/T 1121.6 Soil Testing - Part 6. Determination of organic matter in soil NY/T 1121.24 Soil Testing - Part 24. Determination of total soil nitrogen automatic azotometer law Determination of NY/T 1377 Soil pH Determination LY/T 1223 forest soil firmness

3 Terms and Definitions

3.1 Vascular plants vascular plant It refers to a vascular tissue of plants, including ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. 3.2 Trees tree Refers to a separate trunk, trunk and crown of a tall woody plants distinctions generally mature individuals height of 5 m or more. 3.3 Bush shrub Refers to non-significant independent trunk and branches unearthed after row, or clustered on the ground is relatively little woody plants, a Like mature individuals height is less than 5 m. 3.4 Shrub shrubland It refers to the formation of shrubs community types. 3.5 Herbaceous herb Xylem less developed, stems herbaceous or fleshy plants. 3.6 Population population It refers to occupy a certain space in the same period a collection of individual organisms of the same species. 3.7 Dominant species dominant species Refers to the most important position in the community, community structure and the formation of a significant environmental effect of controlling the species, number of individuals are usually Or a high quantity of biomass. 3.8 Phenology phenological period It refers to vascular plants with seasonal climate change to adapt to the morphology of plant organs period of change. 3.9 Abundance abundance It refers to a plant species the number of individuals in the community, usually by direct counting or visual estimation method was measured. 3.10 Coverage coverage Land foliage of plants covered by the vertical projection area, usually expressed as a percentage. 3.11 Frequency frequency Refers to a plant in the community of all survey quadrats percentage appears. 3.12 Density density It refers to the total number of individuals per unit area of a plant. 3.13 Species diversity of species diversity Refers Community species richness or ecosystem, the present standard refers to the richness of vascular plant species, including Uniformity of number of species and species of both, there are a variety of Measure Index. 3.14 Gradient slope It refers to the observation plots slope inclination, ie the normal slope and the horizontal angle. 3.15 Slope aspect Refers to the slope in the horizontal plane normal to the direction of projection, with the projection angle and direction of true north, he said.

4 observations principle

4.1 Scientific Principles Observation plots and observing the object should be representative, to reflect the observation area of vascular plants (the "Plant") Diversity Overall situation; methods of observation should be unified, standardized. 4.2 operability principles Observation program should take into account the natural conditions of the observation area, which has the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, to take full advantage With existing equipment, technology, information and results, making observation programs efficient and feasible. 4.3 principles of sustainability, Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management of biodiversity conservation and management play a guiding and pre Police role. Observing objects, methods, time and frequency, once established, should remain fairly constant. 4.4 Principle of protection Observation programs, technical activities and adhere to the principle of protection, should not individual organisms, community composition and structure of habitats caused Influence or change. 4.5 Security Principles Observation activities has certain characteristics of field work. Observers should receive professional training, to take safety precautions.

5 Methods of Observation

5.1 Observations ready 5.1.1 programming Prepare the observation area vegetation types Figure 1. 10000 topographic maps, weather data, flora and fauna and other information on the observation area Domain field survey, the development of scientific and rational observation programs in accordance with the purpose of observation. 5.1.2 Human prepare According to the observed object, tasks and schedule requirements, organizational strength enough observation, clear responsibilities of personnel, organizational observation side Training Act, technology, quality control and management, safety, first aid, wilderness survival techniques and other aspects, to ensure the observation mission of the cis Lee completed. 5.1.3 tools to prepare According to observation program, prepare the appropriate instruments, equipment, tools, including. forest compass, theodolite (total station), Global Positioning System (GPS) locator, 50 m tape measure, 5 m tape measure, diameter feet, hammer, clamp recording, the recording paper, Recording pens, paint brushes, pencils, erasers, folders specimen, measuring high pole, and other portable laser rangefinder. 5.1.4 Material preparation According to observation missions, prepare the appropriate materials and protective equipment, including. plots vertices fixed markers such as concrete piles, Signs mark individual plants, such as split plots simple rope plastic rope, tag individual plants with stainless steel nails and toughness, Easy to operate, weather resistant materials, such as thin aluminum wire, steel wire, red paint, retinol, PVC pipe, gloves. 5.1.5 logistical Choose the nearest convenient transportation, convenient life, unimpeded places to establish logistics point, adequate for the observation mission Logistical support. Select the object 5.2 Observations According to the observation mission and purpose, the observation area a representative selection of communities, communities of plant species diversity Observations. Forest Communities observation object trees, shrubs and herbs. Shrub Community observation object planting shrubs and herbaceous Thereof. Grassland Community observation object herb. 5.3 observation sample plots 5.3.1 Observation Field selection principle 5.3.1.1 plots representative Plots should be representative for the observation area to fully meet the aims and tasks of typical observation community. 5.3.1.2 plot location Plot location should be easy to expand the observations from the logistical point should not be too far away from the cliffs, steep slopes and other dangerous areas. 5.3.1.3 sample selected Plots should be conducive to long-term monitoring and maintenance of plots to avoid shooting and observation purposes unrelated to interference factors. 5.3.1.4 plot shape Likewise the shape of a square should be appropriate. 5.3.1.5 plot size Plot size should be set to reflect the community composition and structure. 5.3.2 Observation plot area and Quantity party 5.3.2.1 Forest Observation Field area in ≥1 ha (100 m × 100 m) is appropriate, this standard "area" refers to the "vertical plane of projection product". 5.3.2.2 shrub Observation Field plots are generally less than 5 10 m × 10 m, and large or sparse shrub-like area expanded to 20 square m × 20 m or greater. 5.3.2.3 Grassland Observation plots generally less than 5 1 m × 1 m quadrats, plots the interval is not less than 250 m, if the observation area Grassland community distribution patchy, sparse or tall grasses, plots should be extended to 2 m × 2 m. 5.3.3 Establishment of observation plots 5.3.3.1 Forest 5.3.3.1.1 diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm trees and shrubs observation Observation plots established in selected location, with forest plots to determine the compass direction (generally north-south direction) and the base Line, and then use the theodolite (total station) will sample divided into 20 m × 20 m plots (Figures 1, 2); between the recording measuring points The horizontal distance, slope distance and height (Fig. 2, the recording sheet see Appendix A); and permanently marked on each side of the vertex sample number; Finally, with a tape measure, measuring rope or portable laser rangefinder each 20 m × 20 m quadrats divided into 5 m × 5 m quadrats (Fig. 1), quadrat vertex with a temporary PVC pipe markers, boundary rope with plastic or other material temporary tags, the 5 m × 5 m quadrats As DBH (DBH) ≥ 1 cm trees and shrubs basic observation unit; observation mission will mark the completion of these temporary full Section removed and made harmless. 5.3.3.1.2 herbs and DBH < 1 cm trees and shrubs observation Setting a 1 m × 1 m quadrats within each 20 m × 20 m quadrats random or systematic, for herbs and DBH < 1 cm trees and shrubs observation; of 1 m × 1 m quadrats vertex numbers and permanently marked with a plastic rope temporary border markers. 5.3.3.2 shrub 5.3.3.2.1 plots, plots set At selected locations, with forest compass, measuring rope, tape or portable laser range finder to determine the 10 m × 10 m plot Direction (generally north-south direction) and baseline, and the sample divided into 5 m × 5 m quadrats as shrubs Concept The basic unit of measurement; to 10 m × 10 m quadrats and permanently marked vertex numbers of 5 m × 5 m quadrats vertices and boundaries Temporary marked with plastic rope or other materials. 5.3.3.2.2 herb shrub general observation plots, plots set Setting a 1 m × 1 m quadrats were in 5 m × 5 m plots and 10 m × 10 m quadrats center for herbal shrub Plant observation, and 1 m × 1 m quadrats vertex numbers and permanently mark the boundary rope with plastic or other material temp mark. 5.3.3.2.3 Large herb shrub observation plots, plots set Greater than 10 m × 10 m shrub observation plots, plots to set up a method 5.3.3.2.2 calibration plots and settings herbaceous View Test plots. 5.3.3.3 Grassland At selected locations set 1 m × 1 m quadrats with a tape measure or a custom mold of plots and permanently marked vertex numbers, Temporary boundary marked with a plastic rope or other materials. 5.3.3.4 permanently marked plots Material for the permanent marking shall be durable, easy to move or lose, usually embedded numbered aluminum plate reinforced concrete Pile of material, aluminum plates numbers should be clear, prominent, corrosion and weathering (Fig. 1). Not less than 10 m × 10 m quadrats Vertex markers cross-sectional diameter (or side length) should be equal to or less than 8 cm, markers smaller cross-section plots vertex straight Diameter (or side length) should be equal to or less than 4 cm. Mark smaller plots, non-excavation pit fixed markers, so as not to like To cause interference, should soil auger or other non-excavation of the fixed marker. 5.4 Field data collection 5.4.1 Observation Field habitat before 5.4.1.1 Overview Description To plot geographical location, topography, climatic conditions, soil conditions, vegetation status, status of human activities into Line qualitative or quantitative description (see Appendix log table B). 5.4.1.2 Location Determine latitude and longitude of the observation plots with GPS locator. For forests, measured observation plots latitude and longitude of the center point; for In shrub and grass were measured for each sample observation center square of latitude and longitude. Figure 1 set the forest observation plots and individual positioning schematic Figure 2 plots set theodolite (Total Station) Application Diagram 5.4.1.3 topography 5.4.1.3.1 Altitude For the forest, with elevation measurement sample to the center of the observation plots as altitude above sea level; the shrub and grass, measuring Each observation plots set altitude as a center of the observation plot elevation. 5.4.1.3.2 geomorphology Described observation plots Area topographical features (see Appendix log table K). 5.4.1.3.3 slope, aspect, Determination of the average slope and aspect plots or slopes where forest plots with compass. For forest sample, the measurement object The entire plot; for shrub and grassland communities object to be measured for each sample plot. Also from plots (plot) top four boundaries Relative elevation point of observation plots calculated average slope and aspect, the calculation method, see Appendix L. 5.4.1.3.4 slope position Observation Field position in the slope, divided into six levels. ridges, uphill, the slope, downhill, valleys, plains. 5.4.1.4 climatic conditions The annual average temperature of the observation area, the average annual rainfall, the hottest month average temperature in the coldest month, frost-free period, an annual Temperature and so on. 5.4.1.5 soil conditions 5.4.1.5.1 soil profile selection In nearby observation sample selected community structure, similar habitat and interference, a representative collection of location and description of soil profiles (See Appendix Records Table C), and cross-sectional pictures, numbers stored as digital data. 5.4.1.5.2 soil profile specifications Usually sectional length 1.5 m, width 0.8 m, depth is determined based on whether the parent material or aquifers; sectional observe all things To the sun. 5.4.1.5.3 soil profile acquisition Mining process in the different layers of the separate place, and after the end of the cross-sectional sample collection points described backfill soil; soil profile construction Immediately after, according to the plant roots, soil compactness, soil color, water and hydrochloric acid (HCl) reaction and other factors divide the soil; Soil samples were collected hierarchical bottom-up, to avoid contamination of the upper layer of soil collected soil samples lower; used to describe the soil profile Morphological characteristics of the samples should be stored in the profile box, maintaining the status quo, to avoid crushing and compaction; samples for analysis of soil properties, It should be in the middle layers of the sample, to avoid the impact of a representative sample. 5.4.1.5.4 soil type determination Based on soil profile characteristics, in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 17296 to determine the soil type. 5.4.1.5.5 Parent Materials The soil profile is determined observation plots of soil parent material. 5.4.1.5.6 soil sample test indicators Determination of pH value of the soil profile layers of soil samples, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and other indicators. 5.4.1.6 vegetation status Level vegetation types described observation plots Area, and community type observation plots, community dominant species, community Structure, dominant species at all levels, etc., and take pictures of vegetation status, as electronic data preservation. 5.4.1.7 Animal Activities Records have a major impact on the community structure of the observation plots of the main species of birds, mammals and insects and other taxa. 5.4.1.8 Human Activities Record describes history and current status observation plots of human activities, including the activities of the way, intensity and duration. 5.4.2 Forest Plant Methods of Observation 5.4.2.1 for DBH (DBH) ≥ 1 cm trees, shrubs, plants observation 5.4.2.1.1 Observations content Including plant individual tags, location, diameter, crown width, measured at a high branch, phenology, individual growth state observer to And species identification. 5.4.2.1.2 individual mark 5.4.2.1.2.1 individual (trees, shrubs) to supervise mark, each individual has a unique number, called the corresponding label "Main" brand; its branches are numbered from 1 sequentially numbered in Arabic numerals, the corresponding signs referred to as "cards." A main card number Like the "inner plots No. 20 m × 20 m quadrats number plots target individual serial number" approach. 20 m × 20 m sample Direction generally along the longitudinal side sequence number (FIG. 1). The median number of signs according to the number of individual plants within plots, community succession Stage, etc. OK, leave enough space for the number of new long-term observations of individuals. Signs should be strong, durable, clear numbers should Chu, eye-catching, corrosion and weathering, plate size to 1.5 cm × 4 cm is appropriate, the narrow side of the plate has a diameter of 3mm The hole for fixing plate. 5.4.2.1.2.2 For individuals ≥10 cm DBH trunk or branch, generally with a diameter of 2.5 mm, length ≥5 cm not Rusty nail penetration aperture plate, fixed at more than 30 cm diameter at the measurement position; and under the nails oblique trunk was about 70-80 ° Angle, driven into the trunk of about 1 cm, the nail plate is located on the end cap (Fig. 3); or other corrosion-resistant, weather-resistant, easy to operate the timber Material fixed signs. Materials and methods fixed signs should in principle be durable, easy to lose, easy operation and calibration of individual plants, Other biological communities and the environment without injuries or pollution. 5.4.2.1.2.3 For DBH < 10 cm individual trunk or branch, using strong steel wire, aluminum wire, or other toughness, easy to operate, Corrosion-resistant, resistant to weathering material fixed signs. With a wire or other material through sets of signs, and around the trunk or branches to individual Wire or other material surrounding the twigs at fixed or otherwise avoid slip ring surface; but it can not be wrapped in the main Or on dry branches, the trunk is not enough to prevent the growth space injured; ring size should be moderate, to ensure that the plants before the next observation There is enough room for growth. 5.4.2.1.3 diameter measurement 5.4.2.1.3.1 branches at 1.3 m from the ground to the standard position diameter measurement. 5.4.2.1.3.2 individual DBH growth upright position in order to determine the slope on the slope at the roots of the individual as a reference (Figure 4). 5.4.2.1.3.3 For individual place in the following branches of 1.3 m, diameter measurement should distinguish between the trunk and branches; generally straight Legislation, health, large diameter branch to the trunk, and the rest according to the...

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