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HJ 710.2-2014: 7ehtdcd puWllhm for biodYvenify sonkorYne lichens and bryophyte
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7ehtdcd puWllhm for biodYvenify sonkorYne lichens and bryophyte
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 710.2-2014 (HJ710.2-2014) | | Description (Translated English) | 7ehtdcd puWllhm for biodYvenify sonkorYne lichens and bryophyte | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z04 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,178 | | Date of Issue | 10/31/2014 | | Date of Implementation | 1/1/2015 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 10111; GB/T 7714; GB/T 8170; HJ 623 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | | Summary | This standard specifies the main content of lichen and moss diversity of observations, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the range other than the People's Republic of China terrestrial ocean, observation of water lichen and moss | HJ 710.2-2014: 7ehtdcd puWllhm for biodYvenify sonkorYne lichens and bryophyte---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
7ehtdcd puWllhm for biodYvenify sonkorYne lichens and bryophyte
People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards
Observing the technical guide biodiversity lichens and moss
Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring-lichens and
bryophytes
(release
draft)
Issued on.2014-10-31
2015-01-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
Table of Contents
Preface .ii
1. Scope ..1
2 Normative references ..1
3 Terms and Definitions .1
4 observations principle ..2
5 methods of observation ..2
6 observations contents and index ..5
7 observation time and frequency ..5
8 ..5 data processing and analysis
9 5 quality control and safety management
10 observation report prepared .6
Appendix A (informative) sample observation habitat feature recording table .7
Annex B (informative) terrestrial lichens or moss plots recorded in Table 8
Annex C (informative) epiphytic lichens or moss plots record table ..9
Annex D (informative) lichens and moss voucher specimens recording label 10
Annex E (informative) Classification of Human Interference .11
Annex F (informative) Data processing and analysis methods 12
Write Annex G (informative) lichens and moss observation reporting format 15
Foreword
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "People's Republic of China Regulations on Protection of Wild Plants", specifications
Our observations of biological diversity, the development of this standard.
This standard specifies the main content of lichen and moss diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods.
The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G are informative appendix.
This standard is the first release.
This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Environmental Protection Department of the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences.
This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval.
This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation.
The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Observing the technical guide biodiversity lichens and mosses
1 Scope
This standard specifies the main content of lichen and moss diversity of observations, technical requirements and methods.
This standard applies to the range other than the People's Republic of China terrestrial ocean, observation of water lichen and moss diversity.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated references, the latest edition of
To this standard.
GB 10111 using random numbers dice random sampling method
GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules
GB/T 8170 repair value expressed about the rules and limit values and judgment
HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Lichen lichen
Lichens are symbiotic association of fungi and algae (and or) composed of cyanobacteria, the nature of the fungus, also known as lichen type
Fungi.
3.2
Moss bryophyte
Moss is a small group of multicellular green plants, in addition to the distribution of most marine terrestrial and aquatic environment, with clear
Significant generational change, a common plant is the gametophyte, sporophyte parasitic on the gametophyte.
3.3
Stone lichen and moss epilithic lichen and bryophyte
Clinging to grow on the surface of the rock lichens and mosses.
3.4
Native (FLOOR) lichens and mosses floor lichen and bryophyte
Clinging to grow on the ground and the soil surface lichen and moss.
3.5
Epiphytic lichens and mosses epiphytic lichen and bryophyte
It refers to the growth of the trees and their residues of lichen and moss.
3.6
Leaf lichen and moss foliicolous lichen and bryophyte
Clinging to grow on other trees leaf lichens and mosses.
3.7
Water lichen and moss aquatic lichen and bryophyte
It refers to the growth of lichen and moss in water.
3.8
Sporophyte sporophyte
Plant generational life cycle, produce spores and having twice the number of chromosomes from the fertilized egg (zygote) developed from
Plant.
3.9
Gametophyte gametophyte
Plant generational life cycle, produce haploid gametes and a plant chromosome.
3.10
Biomass biomass
It refers to the total mass per unit area on lichen or moss.
4 observations principle
4.1 Scientific Principles
Observation plots and observing the object should be representative, can fully reflect the overall situation of the observation area lichens and moss; Cherrie
Unified, standardized methods of observation, can observe the dynamic changes of lichen and moss diversity.
4.2 operability principles
Observing programs should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, make full use of existing data and results, Li
Foot existing observation equipment and personnel conditions should be high efficiency, low cost methods of observation.
4.3 principles of sustainability,
Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and is able to biodiversity conservation and management play a guiding
And early warning. Observation plots, plots and samples, once established, can not be altered arbitrarily.
4.4 Principle of protection
Insist on the protection of the first, except for species identification and determination of biomass need to collect a small amount of an individual, but to minimize sample
Collection, avoid long-term observations of lichens and moss damage.
4.5 Security Principles
Observation has certain characteristics of field work. Observers should receive professional training, good protective measures.
5 Methods of Observation
5.1 Observations ready
5.1.1 objective observation and observation area
Observations objectives. to master the kind intended observation region of the mainland clothing and moss, population, distribution pattern and dynamic changes;
Or to analyze the impact of various threats to lichens and moss diversity of; or evaluation lichens and moss and political protection
Policy effectiveness, and adaptive management measures proposed. Observation area is determined based on the observation target.
5.1.2 Data collection and observation programs
According to the observation objectives and requirements, collect as observation area topographic maps, vegetation maps, climate, hydrology, soil, etc.
Basic information, observation and formulate plans. Observations plan should include. sample plots, plots settings, field observation method, observation
Contents and indexes, time and frequency of observation, data analysis and reporting, quality control and safety management.
5.1.3 observation equipment and instruments
Including the collection of knives, a small shovel or bamboo shovel, tweezers, collecting bags, sample bags, plastic bottles, paper clips, pruning shears, having
Water effects toilet paper, corrugated cardboard, global positioning system (GPS) locator, compass, long tape measure, steel tape measure, hammer hands,
Nails, stakes (length 1.5 m, 50 mm coarse of PVC pipes or other materials), plastic rope, 20 cm × 20 cm or 50 cm × 50
cm square iron screen (with 121 filaments were divided into small cells, a total of 100 filaments box intersection), thin, with a macro lens
Head of digital cameras, recording sheet, labels, professional reference books.
5.1.4 Observation Training
Conducting training observation methods and practices and other aspects of the observer, organize observation team.
5.2 Sample set
5.2.1 different base coat and moss observation target observation area and habitats, a simple random sampling or systematic sampling
Sets plot.
5.2.2 Simple random sampling method. Large scale topographic maps in the observation area will be divided into several grids, each grid is assigned a number,
After determining the number of samples be randomly selected to a predetermined number of samples. Random number can be used to obtain craps, lottery, random check number
The method of the table. The use of a random number of dice See GB 10111.
5.2.3 sampling system. Or a known set of gradient (such as elevation, water) provided not less than three transects (transect
Specific observations based on the number of goals, the interval should be between transects 100 m or more), then along the transect or pre-selected by equidistant
The distance setting plots.
5.2.4 The number of observation plots according to the observation area of the size of the observed target, generally a single observation plots
Area of not less than 200 m2, the number of sample observations not less than 10. Depending on the type of habitat can be adjusted plot area.
5.2.5 Observation Field boundaries are marked with GPS locator or otherwise marked on the topographic map plots the location, and note
Recorded plots habitat features (see table records Appendix A).
5.3 plots set
5.3.1 According epiphytic lichens and moss into the matrix native, raw stone, wood raw (epiphytic, Epiphyllous) and aquatic (such
Less population category, this standard temporarily as observation objects) of different types, all of lichens and moss observation plots is set to be established
Repeat the control group for statistical analysis.
5.3.2 native lichens and moss-like side setting. Depending on the observation target, within not less than 200 m2 plots 2 m intervals
Or 4 m pull parallel sample lines, each sample line 2 m or 4 m plots a set intervals like square area of 50 cm × 50 cm (Carex
Moss) or 20 cm × 20 cm (lichen), and the plots are numbered (Fig. 1). Each sample to select at least five quadrats
Records to ensure observation of representation.
5.3.3 stone lichen and moss-like side setting. Depending on the observation target, within not less than 200 m2 plots randomly selected 10
Or more of lichen or moss rocks, each rock as a kind of square, attached to the rock stone moss or lichen spots
Block is measured.
5.3.4 epiphytic lichens and moss-like side setting. Select plots larger than 15 cm diameter at breast height of every tree of the observed objects,
Respectively, from the ground 30 cm, 110 cm, 150 cm, 180 cm at the center line (Fig. 2), the four directions by truck
The establishment of 10 cm × 10 cm square sample, a total of 16 plots per tree, depending on the number of trees measured observations are at.
5.3.5 leaf lichen and moss-like side setting. In plot 4 m intervals pull parallel samples lines, each line of every kind of 4 m
Set up a kind of square, plots range from the ground is 100 cm × 150 cm or less leaves the range of 100 cm × 100 cm.
5.4 Field observations
5.4.1 Data Acquisition quadrats
The plots of the same size with the iron placed on a sieve-like party. The first recorded species of moss or lichen quadrats; secondly, by sampling
Intercept point measurement method principle target creature cover, by measuring the entire layer of moss or lichen appear in the grid lines cross times
The number of plots to calculate the total coating or moss cover the mainland; and then record the same kind of moss or lichen species in the grid line crossings
The number of occurrences at for calculating each lichen or moss cover species (see Appendix Table record B, C).
For Epiphyllous moss (or lichens), within visual plots there are a number of blades moss (or lichens) distribution; simultaneous selection
Moss (or lichens) cover maximum 10 leaves, moss estimate (or lichens) on the cover of every blades.
5.4.2 sampling requirements
Lichens or moss-square distribution in each sample, according to the type of identification required, a modest sampling, each of lichen or moss
The number of acquisitions is no more than 10% of the original sample prescription population. Biomass measurement method using the collected balance determined by lichen
Moss or dry weight.
1 native lichens and moss observation plots schematic layout mode
NOTE. Figure 2 shows only one direction indicated on the trunk quadrats laid manner, consistent with the remaining 2 plots in FIG laid in all directions on the trunk. vertical
The cliffs and fallen wood on epiphytic lichens and moss observations refer to Figure 2 and adjust.
Figure 2 epiphytic lichens and moss observation plots schematic layout mode
5.4.3 Digital Camera
For observation lichen and moss should take clear digital photos, you can use a digital camera with a macro lens on Plant
Shooting photos with voucher specimens correspondence.
5.4.4 voucher specimen collection
Use small shovels, hammers and other hand tools collection, collecting samples within the party found lichen and moss, debris removal, land acquisition will
Clothing or moss samples quickly loaded paper or plastic bags and other collection bag. In order to prevent brittle and dried branched lichens during transport
Damage, to use corrugated cardboard compressed into wax leaf specimens (see Table record Appendix D). Sample collection, special attention should fill
Write record label specimens and samples and stored together. For Epiphyllous moss (or lichens), should be taken together with the attached master leaves
set.
5.5 specimens are preserved
5.5.1 Save specimens
In the laboratory, the field collection of lichen and moss samples placed into sample bags to save the specimen cabinet. If the specimen table
Surface moisture, you need to use absorbent paper to remove the specimen surface water, air dry and then into the specimen bag. Conditions permit
The case can be made colors Baptist system specimens.
5.5.2 Identification
In the laboratory using an optical microscope, dissecting microscope, dissection equipment and Flora, Herbarium and other books, the use of shape
Morphology classification, lichens and mosses collected specimens were identified.
6 observations contents and index
Observations contents and index lichen and moss in Table 1. In actual observation, depending on the circumstances and can enter observation target
Row appropriate changes.
Table 1 lichens and moss content with observing indicators
Content observations observation method of observing
Now habitat types and field survey data
Soil, topography, hydrology and other basic data and field survey data Buyers
Elevation, slope, aspect, epiphytic species, diameter, roughness of bark,
Epiphyllous species
Direct measurement habitat characteristics
Anthropogenic interference with the activities of the type and intensity of information access and field surveys
Species composition sampling method
Cover (canopy closure) sampling methods or visual method
The frequency of sampling method
Thickness direct measurement
Biomass harvesting method
Dominant species sampling method
Community features
Accompanying plant sampling method
7 observation time and frequency
7.1 observation time
Observation time selectable lichens and moss growing season were observed for selecting moss spring or autumn rain or tide
Wet weather; lichens observation Anytime.
7.2 frequency of observations
Lichen and moss observation can be performed once a year, observing time has been established, should remain unchanged for a long, in order to facilitate inter-annual
Data were compared. Ruoyin needs of the target observation and scientific research should be increased on the basis of the original observations on the observed frequency
Number of times.
8 Data processing and analysis
Data processing and analysis methods, see Appendix F.
9 quality control and safety management
9.1 Sample set of quality control. For the first time to carry out lichens, mosses before observing the observation area to deal with the preliminary investigation, science
Design observing programs, and the observation plots located and marked, while the plots necessary maintenance.
9.2 data acquisition quality control. Observers should participate in relevant trainings, field operations specifications, on time, according to quality,
The amount of the completion of the observation and sampling task.
Furnished 9.3 specification data. Fill in strict accordance with the observations recorded form. Observational data to retain only a number of suspicious
Digit number of significant figures should be based on the accuracy of measuring instruments to determine the indication, are not free to add or delete. Numerical test
And calculations are performed according to the provisions of GB/T 8170's. When the need to be corrected, should erroneous data (text) on the uniform horizontal line, in
Written above it on the right content, to take responsibility and sign in on the underline.
Observing Reports prepared 10
Lichens and moss observation report should include the introduction, before the observation area, observation method, lichen and moss species groups
A distribution pattern, population dynamics, threats, suggestions and the like. Observation report writing format, see Appendix G.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Observations like habitat feature recording table
Standard features like habitat observations recorded in Table A.
Table A sample observation habitat feature recording table
Plot Name. plot area.
Observer. Observation Date.
Observation sites (cities and counties).
Vegetation. dominant species.
Community canopy density. COMMUNITY height.
Light (specify measurement time). Humidity.
The main landforms. Longitude. Aspect.
Geomorphology
Elevation. Latitude. Slope.
Soil type.
soil
Soil pH.
Or depth of the water table.
Anthropogenic interference with the type of activity. Disturbances.
Remarks.
Reviewed by. Review Date. The date
Appendix B
(Informative)
Ground lichen or moss-like square meter record
Standard ground lichen or moss plots recorded in Table B.
Table B terrestrial lichens or moss-like square meter record
Plot Name. plots Area. Number plots.
Light (specify measurement time). Humidity.
Thickness. total coverage.
Soil sand Level. herbaceous and deciduous cover.
Observer. Observation Date.
Biomass (g/m2)
No. Chinese name Scientific name coverage (%) density (plants/m2)
Fresh weight dry weight
Remark
Reviewed by. Review Date. The date
Appendix C
(Informative)
Epiphytic lichens or moss-like square meter record
Standard epiphytic lichens or moss plots recorded in Table C.
Table C epiphytic lichens or moss-like square meter record
Plot Name. plots Area. Number plots.
Tree Number. Species name. Chinese name Scientific name
Light (specify measurement time). Humidity.
DBH. bark roughness.
Thickness. total coverage.
Observer. Observation Date.
Biomass (g/m2)
No. Chinese name Scientific name coverage (%)
Fresh weight dry weight
Remark
Reviewed by. Review Date. The date
Appendix D
(Informative)
Lichens and moss voucher specimens record label
Standard lichen and moss observations recorded in Table D.
Table D lichens and moss voucher specimens record label
Acquisition Number. Acquisition Date.
Gatherers. recorder.
Appraiser. Plot Name.
Collection location (province, city, county).
Longitude. Latitude. Altitude.
Habitat.
The Health matrix. Thickness.
Plant traits.
Chinese name and Latin name. Family.
Remarks.
Appendix E
(Informative)
Anthropogenic interference with activity classification table
Standard jamming activity observations recorded in Table E.
Table E anthropogenic interference with activity classification table
Type of interference disturbance
1. Real estate development;
2. The road construction;
3. The railway construction;
4. The development of mineral resources (including quarrying, dredging, etc.);
5. tourism development;
A. Development and Construction
6. pipelines, wind power, hydropower, thermal power, photovoltaic power generation,
River training and other development and construction activities.
1. reclaim the land;
2. afforestation around the lake;
3. Weitan farming;
4. land reclamation;
5. pasture fencing;
6. destroying grass land reclamation;
B. animal husbandry and fishery activities
7. deforestation reclamation.
1. Water pollution;
2. air pollution;
3. soil pollution;
4. The solid waste;
C. Environmental Pollution
5. noise pollution.
1. grazing;
2. harvesters;
3. Acquisition;
4. Fishing;
5. Hunting;
D. Other
6. fire;
7. The road traffic.
Divided into strong, medium and weak, no four grades.
□ Strong. habitat was severely disrupted; vegetation disappeared;
Wildlife habitat is difficult to reproduce.
□ in. habitat disturbance; partial disappearance of vegetation, but
After the interference disappears, the vegetation is still recoverable; wildlife habitat
Interest multiply affected to a certain extent, but you can still habitat
Interest multiply.
□ Weak. habitat subject to certain disturbances; vegetation remained
AS; wildlife breeding habitat has little effect.
□ No. habitat undisturbed; to maintain the original vegetation
State; no effect on wildlife breeding habitat.
Appendix F
(Informative)
Data processing and analysis methods
1 cover
Press coverage of Formula (1) calculations.
100ci
CC
= × (1)
Where. Ci-- cover species i,%;
The number of plots within Cc-- i species appear in the grid lines intersect at times;
A-- like square grid lines intersect the total number of times.
2 frequency
Frequency according to equation (2) calculation.
100ii
QF
= × Σ (2)
Where. frequency Fi-- species i,%;
Number of samples within a square plot Qi-- species appears i, a;
ΣQ - surveyed plots the total number of samples within the party, a.
3 Thickness
In the plots of the four sides and center, respectively, with an accuracy of mm tape measure lichen or moss layer thickness of 5 repetitions.
According to equation (3) to calculate the average thickness.
T =
HΣ (3)
Where. The average thickness T-- lichen or moss, mm;
The total thickness Σ iH --5 measurements, mm.
4 important values
I...
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