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Rubber and rubber products - Guidance on the application of statistics to physical testing
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 43751-2024 (GB/T43751-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Rubber and rubber products - Guidance on the application of statistics to physical testing | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | G40 | | Classification of International Standard | 83.060 | | Word Count Estimation | 118,151 | | Date of Issue | 2024-03-15 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-10-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 43751-2024: Rubber and rubber products - Guidance on the application of statistics to physical testing
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ICS 83.060
CCSG40
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Statistics of rubber and rubber products in physical tests
Application Guide
physical testing
(ISO 19003.2006,MOD)
Released on 2024-03-15
2024-10-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Symbols 3
5 Limitations of the trial results 4
5.1 Variability 4
5.2 Accuracy, trueness and precision 5
5.3 Correlation and significance 6
6 Distribution of results and measures of central tendency 6
6.1 Overview 6
6.2 Method 7
6.2.1 Types of distribution 7
6.2.2 Measures of central tendency 9
6.2.3 Discrete measures 11
6.2.4 Transformation to Normal Distribution 13
6.2.5 Tests for departures from normality 13
6.3 Application in rubber testing 16
6.3.1 Overview 16
6.3.2 Tensile test 16
6.3.3 Fatigue 17
6.3.4 Transformation to Normal Distribution 19
6.3.5 Other uses of the median 19
7 Confidence limits and significant differences 20
7.1 Overview 20
7.2 Method 20
7.2.1 Confidence Limits and Confidence Intervals 20
7.2.2 Significant Differences 25
7.3 Application in rubber testing 28
7.3.1 Overview 28
7.3.2 Confidence limits and indicator limits 28
7.3.3 Comparison of results 28
8 Sorting Method29
8.1 Overview 29
8.2 Method 29
8.2.1 Friedman test 29
8.2.2 External counting inspection 30
8.3 Application in rubber testing 31
9 Criteria for Rejecting Outliers 32
9.1 Overview 32
9.2 Method 32
9.2.1 Overview 32
9.2.2 Dixon's test 32
9.2.3 Cochran's test 34
9.3 Application in rubber testing 36
9.3.1 Overview 36
9.3.2 Dixon's test applied to a single result 36
9.3.3 Cochran's variance test 37
9.3.4 Dixon's test applied to a set of means 37
10 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 38
10.1 Overview 38
10.2 Method 38
10.2.1 Overview 38
10.2.2 Single Factor with the Same Number of Observations 38
10.2.3 Single Factor with Variable Number of Observations 39
10.2.4 Two-way (and multi-way) ANOVA 39
10.3 Application in rubber testing 40
11 Regression Analysis42
11.1 Overview 42
11.2 Method 43
11.2.1 Overview 43
11.2.2 Linear Least Squares Method 43
11.2.3 Quadratic Least Squares 44
11.2.4 Cubic Least Squares 44
11.3 Application in rubber testing 44
11.3.1 Overview 44
11.3.2 Effect of temperature on compression set 44
11.3.3 Effect of aging on tensile strength 46
11.3.4 Temperature of the shrinkage test 47
12 Measurement uncertainty 48
12.1 Overview 48
12.2 Method 48
12.2.1 Overview 48
12.2.2 Establishment of measurement model 48
12.2.3 Evaluation of standard uncertainty 49
12.2.4 Combined standard uncertainty 53
12.2.5 Determination of expanded uncertainty 54
12.2.6 Reporting of measurement uncertainty 55
12.3 Application in Rubber Testing 55
13 Sampling 56
13.1 Overview 56
13.2 Method 56
13.2.1 Overview 56
13.2.2 Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) and Limiting Quality (LQ) 56
13.2.3 Determination of non-conformity 56
13.2.4 Inspection level 57
13.2.5 Attribute sampling plans 57
13.2.6 Random Sampling 58
13.3 Application in Rubber Testing 58
14 Number of samples. 59
14.1 Principle 59
14.2 Method 59
14.3 Application in Rubber Testing 59
14.3.1 Overview 59
14.3.2 Optimization of confidence level 60
14.3.3 Optimization of pass/fail status 60
15 The result shows 60
15.1 Overview 60
15.2 Method 60
15.2.1 Test report 60
15.2.2 Numerical rounding to 62
15.3 Application in Rubber Testing 62
15.3.1 Overview 62
15.3.2 Constructing a Histogram 62
15.3.3 Rounding Example 63
16 Precision Statement 63
16.1 Overview 63
16.2 Method 64
16.3 Application in Rubber Testing 65
17 Experimental Design 66
17.1 Overview 66
17.1.1 General Information 66
17.1.2 Principle 67
17.2 Methods 76
17.2.1 Overview 76
17.2.2 Descriptive Experiments 77
17.2.3 Comparative Experiments 77
17.2.4 Response Experiment 79
17.3 Application in Rubber Testing 79
17.3.1 Descriptive Experiments 79
17.3.2 Comparative Experiment 80
17.3.3 Response Experiment 83
18 Statistical Quality Control 87
18.1 Overview 87
18.2 Method 87
18.2.1 Overview 87
18.2.2 Count Control Chart 87
18.2.3 Measurement control chart 87
18.3 Application in Rubber Testing 88
18.3.1 Overview 88
18.3.2 Control chart 89
18.3.3 Cumulative graph 92
Appendix A (Informative) Comparison of this document with ISO 19003.2006 structure numbers 95
Appendix B (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 19003.2006 and their causes 96
Annex C (informative) Editorial changes to ISO 19003.2006 98
Appendix D (Informative) Other forms of mean 100
Appendix E (Informative) Mathematical forms of distribution functions cited in this document 101
Appendix F (informative) Correlation between measures of central tendency in the double exponential and Weibull distributions 102
Appendix G (Informative) Constructing Weibull Probability Paper 103
Appendix H (Informative) Analysis of Variance 104
Appendix I (Informative) Calculation of regression equation coefficients using Excel 107
References 108
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is modified to adopt ISO 19003.2006 "Guide to the application of statistics to physical testing of rubber and rubber products".
Compared with ISO 19003.2006, this document has many structural adjustments. The structural number changes between the two documents are shown in the table below.
See Appendix A.
This document has many technical differences compared to ISO 19003.2006.
A single line (|) is used to indicate these technical differences. A list of these technical differences and their reasons is given in Appendix B.
This document has undergone a number of editorial changes compared to ISO 19003.2006.A list of these editorial changes and their reasons is given in Appendix C.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Rubber and Rubber Products (SAC/TC35).
This document was drafted by. Suzhou Huarui Rubber & Plastic Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Guanlian New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Shenyang Rubber Research
Design Institute Co., Ltd., Suzhou Henry Communication Materials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Dechangyu New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Liaoning Provincial Metrology Science Research
Institute, Zhonghao Chenguang Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Aochuan Technology Co., Ltd., Henan Fangyi Sealing Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou Hongju Electric
Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai Industrial Technology Research Institute of Shandong University, and Qingdao Sanxiang Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Li Delong, Su Huaisheng, Chang Min, Li Jijie, Zhang Liben, Huang Xiaoying, Fang Tian, Liu Huichun, Hou Yan, Lang Dandan,
Huang Xiaohui, Liu Yongping, Xie Yajun, Ni Yungao, Zhou Chuanjian, Li Kai.
Introduction
Statistical methods play an important role in all stages of the experimental process, from the design of the experiment to the interpretation of the results.
Trial personnel need to have a basic understanding of statistical principles and knowledge of the statistical techniques required.
There are many textbooks and standards on statistical methods, but it is easy to find the most commonly used methods and formulas, and also consider other
Guidance on the specific application of various rubber test methods is convenient. This document was prepared as a supplement to the statistical general standards and
The standard complements both.
This document presents an overview, methods, and applications to rubber testing for each topic. Under Overview, basic concepts are outlined. Methods
Consider the statistical techniques that can be used, giving the basic procedures and formulas. If applicable, provide additional information for less common methods or more advanced treatments.
"Application to rubber testing" refers to how and where these methods can be applied and gives specific information on rubber properties.
and experimental examples.
The term "rubber" in this document "Rubber Physical Tests" is broad in meaning and includes raw rubber, unvulcanized rubber,
Adhesive and rubber products.
Statistics of rubber and rubber products in physical tests
Application Guide
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on the application of statistics to rubber testing.
This document is not intended to contradict or replace existing standards covering basic statistical methods, but rather to supplement them and provide
Example of application of statistical methods in the field of rubber testing.
2 Normative references
This document has no normative references.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
Note. These terms, as far as possible, are expressed in non-mathematical terms and apply to the main statistical terms used. For more comprehensive and rigorous terms, see GB/T 3358
(all parts) and references dealing with professional statistical techniques.
3.1
Overall population
All data that can be obtained (theoretically) to characterize the properties of a test rubber, compound or process.
3.2
Sample
Data actually obtained from a population as a result of an implemented experimental test program.
3.3
Variability
The tendency for tests conducted on nominally identical specimens to produce different test results.
3.4
arithmetic mean
The total of the data (of a population or sample) divided by the number of values used.
Note. The average is the most common statistic used to describe a set of data. There are several types of averages, which are often used in common speech without specifying their type, which may be confusing.
There are two types of averages. calculation and positional. The arithmetic mean is the most commonly used calculation average result, and others are listed in Appendix D.
The positional average is the median and the mode. The calculation of the arithmetic mean is shown in formula (1) and formula (2) of 6.2.2.2.
3.5
median
The middle value (or the average of the two middle values) when the sample data are arranged in ascending order.
3.6
Mode
Performance test value that occurs at the maximum frequency.
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