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Gas analysis - Determination of the trace contents of hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon monoxide in inert gases - Gas chromatography with zirconia detector
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GB/T 28124-2025
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| GB/T 28124-2011 | English | 139 |
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Determination of trace hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon monoxide in the inert gases -- Gas chromatographic method
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GB/T 28124-2011
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PDF similar to GB/T 28124-2025
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 28124-2025 (GB/T28124-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Gas analysis - Determination of the trace contents of hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon monoxide in inert gases - Gas chromatography with zirconia detector | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | G86 | | Classification of International Standard | 71.100.20 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,185 | | Date of Issue | 2025-08-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2026-03-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 28124-2011 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of China | GB/T 28124-2025: Gas analysis - Determination of the trace contents of hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon monoxide in inert gases - Gas chromatography with zirconia detector
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ICS 71.100.20
CCSG86
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 28124-2011
Gas analysis of trace amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and other inert gases
Determination of carbon monoxide content by zirconium oxide gas chromatography
Published on 2025-08-29
Implemented on 2026-03-01
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document replaces GB/T 28124-2011 "Determination of Trace Amounts of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Methane and Carbon Monoxide in Inert Gases by Gas Chromatography".
Compared with GB/T 28124-2011, apart from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
---The chapter on "Scope" has been revised (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2011 edition);
---A new chapter on "Terms and Definitions" has been added (see Chapter 3);
---A new chapter on "Experimental Conditions" has been added (see Chapter 5);
---Added "Calibration Requirements" (see 7.2) and "Metrological Verification or Calibration" (7.3) to the "Instruments and Equipment" section;
---Added sections related to "Sampling Type" (see 8.2), "Air Tightness Test of Sampling System" (see 8.3.1), and "Material of Sampling System" (see 8.3.1).
8.3.2), "Pressure and Flow Regulators" (8.3.3), and "Connection Method of Sampling Equipment" (see 8.3.5);
---Requirements for "shutdown" (see 9.4) and "exhaust emissions and treatment" (see 9.5) have been added;
---A new chapter on "Precision and Measurement Uncertainty" has been added (see Chapter 11);
---A new chapter on "Quality Assurance and Control" has been added (see Chapter 12);
---Added "Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty of Component Content Determination Results" (see Appendix B).
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Gas Standardization (SAC/TC206).
This document was drafted by. Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co., Ltd., Southwest Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Huai Chromatography Analysis Technology Co., Ltd.
Limited Company, Chongqing Institute of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Beijing PURE Analytical Instruments Co., Ltd., Institute of Chemistry, China Academy of Testing Technology
Haohua Gas Co., Ltd. Southwest Branch, Sichuan Qingyuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., China Shipbuilding (Handan) Parry Special Gases Co., Ltd.
Beijing Ruixinjie Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Fanwei Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., Langxi Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Dalian Date Gas
Limited Liability Company, China Metrology and Testing Society, Dalian Kerui Gas Co., Ltd., Guizhou Provincial Institute of Product Quality Inspection and Testing, China Jiliang University
Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School and Meishan Mike Online Equipment Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Tang Feng, Huang Sijun, Wang Ruixue, Chen Yali, Fang Hua, Liu Zijun, Dang Xiaojing, Shi Lan, Huang Xin, and Xu Haiyun.
Su Zijie, Zhao Jie, Cheng Huapeng, Lai Xiaofeng, Huang Xiaoqiang, Yang Kang, Yang Yangzhongfu, Li Jianhao, Sun Jie, Peng Zhicheng, Zhang Hui, Li Baohua, Tan Yerong,
Zhang Yishan and Lu Changmin.
The release history of this document and the document it replaces is as follows.
---First published in.2011 as GB/T 28124-2011;
---This is the first revision.
Gas analysis of trace amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and other inert gases
Determination of carbon monoxide content by zirconium oxide gas chromatography
Warning---Personnel using this document should have practical experience working in a formal laboratory. This document does not address all possible safety issues.
Users are responsible for taking appropriate safety and health measures and ensuring compliance with relevant national regulations.
1.Scope
This document explains the principle of determining trace amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and carbon monoxide in inert gases using gas chromatography with a zirconia detector.
The document specifies the experimental conditions, reagents and materials, instruments and equipment, samples, experimental procedures, experimental data processing, precision and measurement uncertainty, and quality.
Requirements for quantity control and assurance and test reports.
This document applies to the determination of trace amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and carbon monoxide in nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
Range. (0.05~20)×10-6 (mole fraction).
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
GB/T 8170 Rules for rounding off numerical values and the representation and determination of limiting values
GB/T 43306 Sampling Guidelines for Gas Analysis
3.Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
inert gases
A general term for nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
4.Principles
Based on the fact that hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and carbon monoxide can cause changes in electromotive force in a stable zirconium oxide solid electrolyte galvanic cell.
This type of galvanic cell is used as a detector in a gas chromatograph, employing components that are identical to or do not affect the separation of the target components in the gas sample being tested.
Using an inert gas as the carrier gas, at a certain temperature, the detector outputs a background electromotive force. When the analyte gas sample is separated by the chromatographic column, it is categorized as hydrogen, oxygen, etc.
Gas, methane, and carbon monoxide enter the detector in that order. Oxygen increases the oxygen content in the detector, leading to a background electromotive force.
This reduces the formation of negative chromatographic peaks; while hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide participate in electrochemical reactions in the detector, generating positive electromotive force, leading to this...
An increase in the base voltage results in a positive chromatographic peak. The target component in the analyte gas sample is calculated using a comparative method and gas standard samples.
content.
5.Test conditions
The following requirements should be met.
---Ambient temperature. 5℃~40℃;
---Relative humidity. 20%~85%;
---There is no strong electromagnetic interference, no corrosive gases, and no strong vibrations in the surrounding area;
---Power supply. AC voltage 220V±22V, frequency 50Hz±0.5Hz;
---Grounding requirements. The instrument must be reliably grounded (grounding resistance ≤ 4Ω).
6.Reagents and Materials
6.1 Carrier Gas
Use a high-purity inert gas as the carrier gas. The concentration of the analyte in the carrier gas should be approximately one fraction lower than the concentration of the analyte in the sample gas.
If the carrier gas does not meet the requirements, a purifier should be used to purify it.
Typically, a carrier gas with the same main component as the sample to be measured is selected. Alternatively, other gases that do not interfere with the measurement can be chosen as the carrier gas, for example, when measuring...
When using high-purity nitrogen, high-purity krypton, or high-purity xenon, high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon can be selected as the carrier gas.
6.2 Gas Standard Samples
When the content of the analyte in the sample gas is not greater than 1×10⁻⁶ (mole fraction), the content of the corresponding component in the standard sample should preferably be (1~
5) × 10⁻⁶ (mole fraction). When the content of the analyte in the sample gas is greater than 1 × 10⁻⁶ (mole fraction), the corresponding component in the standard sample...
The concentration should be similar to that of the analyte in the sample. The balance gas should be the same as the carrier gas.
7.Instruments and Equipment
7.1 Gas Chromatograph
The gas chromatograph equipped with a zirconia detector has a detection limit of 0.05 × 10⁻⁶ (mole fraction). A schematic diagram of the gas flow path is shown in Appendix A.
7.2 Calibration Requirements
It is advisable to use certified standard samples to calibrate the instruments used in the test.
7.3 Metrological verification or calibration
The instruments used should be verified or calibrated by a metrology verification institution and be within their validity period.
7.4 Chromatographic Column
The recommended material is a stainless steel tube approximately 3m long and 2mm in inner diameter, filled with porous aluminosilicate particles with a particle size of 0.18mm~0.25mm.
The packing material (13X molecular sieve), activated with carrier gas at 180℃ for 4 hours, is used for the determination of hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and carbon monoxide content. Alternatively, [the following methods can be used].
Other equivalent chromatographic columns.
8 Sampling
8.1 General Rules
Sampling principles, general provisions, and safety precautions shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 43306.
8.2 Sampling Type
Direct sampling is recommended.
8.3 Sampling System
8.3.1 Air tightness test of the sampling system
The airtightness of the sampling system should be tested using the pressure boosting and holding method, the vacuum pressure holding method, and the leak detector method.
8.3.2 Materials of the Sampling System
The materials of the sample and sampling system should be non-reactive and non-catalytic, and the materials should be metal.
8.3.3 Pressure and Flow Regulators
The dead volume should be as small as possible.
8.3.4 Sampling Pipeline
Sampling of compressed gases and bottled gases should be done using a pressure-reducing needle valve, connected to the instrument's sampling valve via a metal sampling tube, and using a pressure-boosting/depressurization method.
The sampling system should be changed at least 3 times. After obtaining a representative sample, the sampling valve should be switched to send the sample to be tested into the instrument.
For pipeline gas sampling, the metal connecting pipe from the sampling port to the instrument room should be as short as possible. If necessary, a diffusion-damping device should be installed at the sampling port.
Pressure valve or pressure regulating valve.
8.3.5 Connection method of sampling equipment
The connection method should ensure good airtightness of the system. Compression fittings, VCR connections, welding, and quick couplings are recommended.
9.Experimental Procedure
9.1 Instrument Preparation
The instrument must be kept airtight. An airtightness test should be performed each time a gaseous standard sample or sample gas is connected to the instrument. Follow the instrument's instructions.
Start the instrument according to the instruction manual, set the operating parameters according to the analysis requirements, and continue until the instrument is working properly.
9.2 Determination of gas standard samples and sample gases
9.2.1 Under the same operating conditions, the gas standard sample and the gas sample to be tested were measured successively.
9.2.2 Connect the gas standard sample to the instrument via a metal sampling tube, and turn on the sample to be tested to fully purge the sampling system until a representative sample is obtained.
Then, switch the sampling valve to inject the sample. Perform at least three repeated measurements until the difference between two consecutive measurements is less than the repeatability values in Table 1.
The arithmetic mean of the response values from three repeated measurements is used as the average of the response values.
9.2.3 Connect the gas sample to be tested to the instrument via a metal sampling tube, and the subsequent steps are the same as in 9.2.2.
9.3 Power off
Turn off the instrument as instructed in the instruction manual.
9.4 Exhaust Gas Emissions and Treatment
During the measurement, the exhaust gas should be discharged outdoors to prevent it from accumulating indoors.
10.Experimental Data Processing
10.1 Numerical rounding shall be performed in accordance with the rounding comparison method specified in GB/T 8170.
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GB/T 28124-2025: Gas analysis - Determination of the trace contents of hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon monoxide in inert gases - Gas chromatography with zirconia detector
Status: Valid
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