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GB 28240-2012: Shears -- Safety requirements
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Basic data

Standard ID	GB 28240-2012 (GB28240-2012)
Description (Translated English)	Shears -- Safety requirements
Sector / Industry	National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard	J62
Classification of International Standard	25.120.10
Word Count Estimation	28,243
Quoted Standard	GB 2894; GB/T 3766; GB 4208; GB 4584; GB 5226.1-2008; GB 7247.1-2001; GB/T 7932; GB/T 8196; GB/T 9969; GB/T 14775; GB/T 14776; GB/T 15706.1-2007; GB/T 15706.2-2007; GB 16754-2008; GB/T 16855.1-2008; GB/T 16856.1; GB 17120; GB 17888.1; GB 17888.2; GB 17888
Regulation (derived from)	Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 1 of 2012
Issuing agency(ies)	General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary	This Chinese standard specifies the technical requirements for the safety shears and measures. This standard applies to cut sheet metal or other sheet metal (such as cardboard, plastic, rubber, leather, etc.) of the shears and auxiliary devices. This stan

GB 28240-2012: Shears -- Safety requirements

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Shears.Safety requirements ICS 25.120.10 J62 National Standards of People's Republic of China Shears Safety requirements Issued on. 2012-03-09 2013-01-01 implementation Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China released

Introduction Ⅲ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 3 major hazards 5 safety requirements and protective measures 5 6 Safety requirements and/or protective measures to verify 15 7 information 20 Calculate the minimum safety distance in Appendix A (normative) 22 Annex B (informative) Total stop the measurement response time of 24

Foreword

The standard Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Appendix B are recommended, the rest are mandatory. This standard was drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules. The standard proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard by the National Forging Machinery Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC220) centralized. This standard was drafted. Jinan Foundry and Metalforming Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jiangsu strength Forging Machine Co., Ltd., Anhui Sanli Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai Machine Tool Plant punching, Tianshui Metalforming Machine Tool Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Mali Jiang, Luo Guilin, Bao Dao, Fu Gang, Cai Li Quan, Li Deming. Shears Safety requirements

1 Scope

This standard specifies the technical requirements and shears Safety measures. This standard applies to cut sheet metal or other sheet material (such as cardboard, plastic, rubber, leather, etc.) of the shears and associated apparatus. this Does not apply to non-linear shear and alligator shears.

2 Normative references

The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only the dated version suitable for use herein Member. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB 2894 Safety Signs and use guidelines GB/T 3766 Hydraulic System General technical conditions (ISO 4413) GB 4208 housing protection (IP Code) GB 4584 presses photoelectric protection device technology GB 5226.1-2008 Safety of machinery - Electrical machinery and electrical equipment - Part 1. General requirements (IEC 60204-1.2005) GB Safety of laser products - Part 1. Equipment classification, requirements and user guide (IEC 60825-1.1993) GB/T 7932 pneumatic systems General technical conditions (ISO 4414) GB/T 8196 mechanical safety devices fixed and movable guards design and manufacture of general requirements (ISO 14120) GB/T 9969 General Instructions industrial products GB/T 14775 manipulator General ergonomics requirements GB/T 14776 Ergonomic design principles job size and value (DIN33406) GB/T 15706.1-2007 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1. Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100- 1.2003) GB/T 15706.2-2007 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2. Technical principles (ISO 12100-2. 2003) GB 16754-2008 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop design principles (ISO 13850.2006) GB/T 16855.1-2008 Safety of machinery - Safety-related control system components - Part 1. General principles for design (ISO 13849-1. 2006) GB/T 16856.1 Safety of machinery - Risk assessment - Part 1. Principles (ISO 14121-1) GB 17120 Metalforming machinery - Safety requirements GB 17888.1 Safety of machinery stationary facilities - Part 1. Choice of fixed means of access between two planes (ISO 14122-1) GB 17888.2 Safety of machinery stationary facilities - Part 2. Working platforms and channels (ISO 14122-2) GB 17888.3 Safety of machinery stationary facilities - Part 3. Stairs, steps and guardrails (ISO 14122-3) GB 17888.4 Safety of machinery stationary facilities - Part 4. Fixed ladders (ISO 14122-4) GB/T 18153 Safety of machinery - accessible surface temperature determine the thermal surface temperature limit of Ergonomics data (EN563) GB 18209.2 Electrical safety of machinery - Indication, marking and operation - Part 2. Requirements for marking (IEC 61310-2) GB/T 18831 mechanical interlock design belt guard and selection principles (ISO 14119 Amd.1) GB/T 19670 Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start (ISO 14118) GB/T 19876-2005 Safety of machinery and parts of the body close to the speed of the positioning of protective equipment (ISO 13855.2002) GB 23821-2009 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached on the lower limbs (ISO 13857.2008) GB 24389 shear mechanical noise limits

3 Terms and Definitions

GB/T 15706.1, and the following terms and definitions GB/T 15706.2 and GB 17120 apply to this document defined. 3.1 Auxiliary device ancilarydevice Together with shears and integrated into the device (such as lubrication, feed devices, etc.) on the shears. 3.2 Toolholder beam The main part is equipped with reciprocating motion on the cutting blade. It may be a linear guide type, it can be the swing. 3.3 Pressing device clamp Process will cut the sheet pressed against the upper apparatus. 3.4 Alligator shears crocodileshears With similar shears scissors action. Applying a force along the angular direction of the shaft, the blade action only by the guide shaft. 3.5 Cycle cycle Operating cycle operatingcycle Moving parts from the cycle stop position (usually top dead center) to the lower dead point, then loop back to the stop position (usually top dead center) to complete The movement. Operating cycle includes the whole process of this movement. 3.6 Dead deadcentres Movement limit position in which the blade in its stroke. Blades closed end position stroke, known as the bottom dead center (BDC); return transport blade Moving end position, known as the top dead center (TDC). 3.7 Shears guilotineshears Machine, work bench by the wall, on the table and beam motion (turret) consisting of fixed lower blade, the blade is fixed on the upper beam sheet. Cutting blade angle can be fixed, it can be adjustable, often called shears or shears. 3.8 Limited motion control device limitedmovementcontroldevice Jog means inchingdevice The cutting stroke of moving parts is limited within a certain range of the control device, so as to minimize the risk. Only intermittently Operation of the device, will have a further movement. [GB/T 15706.1-2007, the definition 3.26.9] 3.9 Surveillance monitoring A security feature if a component (element) is no longer able to exercise its function due to changes in processing conditions or make further worked Cheng will be dangerous when issuing safety information. 3.10 Inhibition muting By the safety control system components on one or more security features automatic stay temporarily. 3.11 The total response time to stop overalresponsetime Stop system performance overalsystemstoppingperformance Means started from security guards to stop the dangerous movement or machine into a safe state elapsed time. 3.12 Redundancy redundancy Multiple devices or systems, for failure to ensure that all the way, another way to effectively perform the required function.

4 major hazards

4.1 List of dangerous according to GB/T 16856.1 risk assessment results are shown in Table 1, to eliminate or reduce the risk of technical safety measures appropriate risk Implementation and usage information, see Chapter 5 and Chapter 7. 4.2 Risk Assessment assumptions may approach shears from all directions, including the slider and unexpected stroke risk weight whereabouts. Risk Assessment package Including the risk of entering the danger zone operators and other personnel produced, taking into account the lifetime of the machine's intended use conditions (eg Commissioning, mold adjustment, processing, maintenance, repair, discontinue use, destruction, see GB/T 15706.1-2007 5.3 in) may occur under Danger. Risk Assessment also includes a control system malfunction or failure analysis of the results. Whether a significant risk 4.3 Standard users (such as designers, manufacturers, suppliers, users) should be checked listed in Table 1 are taken To. If there are additional hazards should be in accordance with GB/T 16856.1 of these dangers analysis and risk assessment, paying particular attention The intended use of the machine and foreseeable misuse. 4.4 Based on the risk assessment requirements, measures should be taken to prevent dangerous generation listed in Table 1. Table 1 is a significant risk danger zone and safety precautions No. Danger Zone GB/T 15706.1- Article 2007 of the relevant chapter Security measures (This standard is relevant clauses)

1 Mechanical hazards

Shears parts or the workpiece; Energy accumulation inside the machine to produce, such as. --- Elastic member (spring); --- High-pressure liquid and gas 1.1 Risk of crushing 1.2 Cut dangerous 1.3 cutting or severing hazard 1.4 winding danger 1.5 introduce or involved in dangerous Blades and related areas. --- Motion between the blade and the workpiece; --- Motion between the blade and the fixed blade; --- Between moving parts and fixed parts; --- Between the bench and the workpiece; --- Nip between the device and the table or the workpiece; --- Security guards 4.2 5.2.4,5.3,5.5 1.6 shock hazard electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic equipment moving parts; Motor and drive mechanism; Sports flywheel, belts, pulleys and other motors Drive member; Mechanical handling means 1.7 high pressure fluid ejection hazard hydraulic system, pneumatic system 5.6 5.8.3 Table 1 (continued) No. Danger Zone GB/T 15706.1- Article 2007 of the relevant chapter Security measures (This standard is relevant clauses)

2 electrical hazards

2.1 people in contact with live parts (direct contact) Electrical Equipment 4.3 5.8.1 2.2 people live and becomes zero under fault conditions Member contact (indirect contact) Electrical Equipment 4.3 5.8.1

3 thermal hazards

Burns and scalds hydraulic system components caused by possible contact 3.1 4.4 5.2.1.5,5.8.2

4 dangerous noise generated

4.1 cause hearing impaired (deaf) Shears for hearing damage area 4.5 5.8.5,7.2.2

5 danger of radiation

5.1 Laser laser-risk area 4.7 5.8.6

6 hazardous materials and substances produced using mechanical or processing

6.1 and hazardous liquids, gases, dust clouds, foam And dust caused by contact or inhalation Danger Shears intended use and used in the manufacture Toxic substances 4.8 5.8.7.1,5.8.7.2

7 dangerous neglect Ergonomic machine design school due

7.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 7.2 Arms or legs choreography consider not reasonable 7.4 Local lighting inappropriate 7.6 various human error 7.7 Manually operated device design, substandard location Reason, it is difficult to identify 7.8 display device design, unreasonable position 4.9 5.8.8,7.2.2 5.4.3,5.4.5,5.4.6 5.4.3,5.4.4,5.4.5, 5.8.8 5.8.8 8 unexpected start, unexpectedly overtravel, speeding 8.1 control system failure or disorder 8.2 Any recovery after interruption of energy supply 8.3 outside interference of electrical equipment 8.4 Other effects (gravity) Blades and related areas. --- Motion between the blade and the workpiece; --- Motion between the blade and the fixed blade; --- Between the bench and the workpiece; --- Nip between the device and the table or the workpiece; --- Clamping device or positioning device and the workpiece between; --- Guard; --- Motorized backgauge place; --- Movement of the work place; --- Flying shears and drop the rear part; --- Back plate material holding means; --- Rear plate conveyors; --- Sheet stacking device 5.2.1,5.2.2,5.4.1 5.4,7.2.2 5.4 Table 1 (continued) No. Danger Zone GB/T 15706.1- Article 2007 of the relevant chapter Security measures (This standard is relevant clauses) 8.5 4.9 5.4.2 Software Error Human operator to operator error 8.6 4.9 7.2.2 13 energy supply failure 5.2.1.12 14 5.4.1 Control circuit failure 15 4.9 5.5.1,5.5.4 blade assembly error 16 operation is interrupted mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic equipment 4.2.2 5.2.1,5.2.2 17 drops, flying objects or fluid mechanical parts, the workpiece and the blade 4.2.2 5.2.4,5.3.11,5.6, 5.8 18 machine instability and shears machine dumping 4.2.2 5.8.4 19 slips, trips, falls dangerous work at heights, cutting the ground around 4.10 5.7

5 safety requirements and protective measures

5.1 General Shears should comply with GB 17120, and also in accordance with GB/T 15706.1 of the general danger not covered in this standard shall be consider. 5.2 Basic design requirements 5.2.1 clutches and brakes 5.2.1.1 does not allow the use of hydraulic or pneumatic means to manipulate the brake, unless there are measures to ensure that under fluid or gas pressure loss in the case of Brake can maintain its function, can disengage the clutch. 5.2.1.2 should be designed to ensure that. a) for the brake or disengaging the clutch spring should be compact; b) use multiple spring assemblies; c) spring specifications, dimensions, requirements should be the same; d) when the compression spring adjustment, clamping device should be locked to prevent the relaxation of the spring; e) should be able to prevent the spring from the wound. 5.2.1.3 clutch and brake combination and disengagement should not affect its safety function. NOTE. Usually should clutch - brake combination structure to minimize the possibility of simultaneous binding. 5.2.1.4 brakes and clutches should be designed to ensure that any failure of a component failure can cause other elements, in order to avoid the risk of rapid emergence of Failure. Broken or loose parts should not cause brake or clutch failure. 5.2.1.5 heat generated if they can produce dangerous conditions, cooling measures should be taken. 5.2.1.6 should take effective measures to prevent the lubricant to penetrate except brake friction surface brake design requires otherwise. 5.2.1.7 clutches and brakes in the design, should be destroyed or eroded sealing material (such as seals or gaskets) moisture, dust, or Lubricants can not adversely affect the required functions, such as clogged air line. 5.2.1.8 should not use a belt brake tool holder slider. 5.2.1.9 clutch in the allowable limit conditions of use, to be joined and the suspension travel in the correct position. 5.2.1.10 should have enough work space to ensure that the limit allowed under normal operating conditions the action should not produce false movement. 5.2.1.11 should take effective measures to prevent the accumulation of debris in the friction surface, and its effective removal, to avoid causing brake Performance degradation. Broken or loose parts shall not cause brake failure. 5.2.1.12 clutch and its control system should ensure that in the case of pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical power source fails the clutch is disengaged, the brake stand That is the brake. 5.2.1.13 If the clutch system uses a diaphragm, should take measures to avoid sharp edges wear scratches or rough surfaces. 5.2.1.14 positive clutch shall comply with the provisions of GB 17120. Hydraulic and pneumatic control systems 5.2.2 General requirements 5.2.2.1 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems should be consistent with GB/T 3766 and GB/T 7932 of the safety requirements. 5.2.2.2 should filter regulator. 5.2.2.3 ensure that pressure is maintained within the allowable range. 5.2.2.4 withstand the pressure of a transparent appliance (such as glass, plastic) without affecting visibility conditions should be protected to prevent accidental breakage When spatter injury to personnel. 5.2.2.5 All piping, pipe fittings, channels, tanks and processing holes should remove burrs and debris. 5.2.2.6 piping connections shall be smooth and should take measures to prevent damage due to thermal expansion, rigid conduit should be spaced fastening the support, in order to avoid Free vibration or movement. Special attention should be to avoid entanglement or twisting of the hose. 5.2.2.7 drop in pressure could cause dangerous actions turret unexpected places should not use a hose; pipes and connections should be chosen to prevent Pressure drop; the connection is not allowed to take the pressure mounting, cement ring or other similar connection method. 5.2.2.8 valve should not rely on the connecting pipe be supported. 5.2.2.9 clutch control valve should be designed to ensure that in the non-operative position, there should be no pressure on clutch operating cylinder. 5.2.2.10 clutch and brake control valve should ensure that the inlet and outlet can not be closed. 5.2.2.11 clutch operating cylinder and the valve between the inlet and discharge piping should have sufficient capacity to ensure fluid from clutch operating cylinder fast Discharged. Measures should be taken to ensure the operation of the valve of the discharge opening of a sufficient size to prevent residual pressure in the cylinder. 5.2.2.12 Control valves and other control elements (such as a regulator, etc.) should be installed in easily accessible and easily damaged location. 5.2.2.13 manually when required or by mechanical (ie, non-electrical) the pilot control valve, the end of its stroke to reset the clutch disengaged position It should be compulsory. NOTE. The valve safety position may be open or closed position, depending on the principle of hydraulic or pneumatic circuit. 5.2.3 pneumatic system Valves and other parts requiring lubrication 5.2.3.1 shears pneumatic control system should provide a visual means of automatic lubrication pneumatic oil import Line. 5.2.3.2 If the device is equipped with a silencer, should be accessible directly into the atmosphere of the muffler, installation and use should be consistent with the manufacturer of its Used in the security system requirements. 5.2.3.3 should water separator. 5.2.4 Hydraulic System 5.2.4.1 hydraulic circuit system should be used to protect the safety valve. Use tools to adjust the safety valve and the safety valve set pressure not It was 10% higher than the system maximum working pressure. 5.2.4.2 When the pressure generated when the mechanism stops working on the hydraulic system with accumulator, fluid pressure should be released, otherwise in pressure Loop portion due under the manual drain valves and other equipment related to compliance with the provisions of the accumulator required (such as unloading valves, pressure gauges, etc.), and should There are clear warning signs posted. 5.2.4.3 In order to avoid accidental pressure surge damage caused by the lower chamber of the cylinder, the fuel tank should be set for the security of the lower chamber (unloading) valve. Set pressure valve should be at least 10% higher than the system maximum working pressure. 5.2.5 Electrical System 5.2.5.1 Electrical equipment of machines shall comply with the provisions of GB 5226.1, power, physical environment and operating conditions differ from GB 5226.1- 2008 specified in 4.3 and 4.4 should be resolved through consultation. 5.2.5.2 should stop category 0 emergency stop function (see GB 5226.1-2008 in 9.2.5.4). Emergency stop all dangerous movement (Turret, back gauge, care feeding and other devices). 5.2.5.3 The operator control panel is at least a minimum degree of protection IP54 (see GB 4208). 5.2.5.4 electric control box housing protection rating of at least IP54 (see GB 4208). 5.2.5.5 outside the control cabinet wiring shall ensure that a short circuit does not cause unintended operation, shall comply with GB/T 19670 of. 5.2.6 maintenance or repair during the turret to prevent accidental gravity fall 5.2.6.1 When there is risk of injury gravity fall should provide mechanical holding means (such as a stopper rod), when it is put into repairing Shears Machine, or when replacing the tool to ensure that necessary break. 5.2.6.2 When the mechanical retaining means can not completely absorb the entire shearing force, which should shears interlock control system to ensure the turret Held on the dead can not be down, shall comply with GB/T 19670 of. 5.3 Mechanical hazards danger zone 5.3.1 General requirements Shears blade operation and its associated danger zone is the area should take security measures to prevent danger, when the gap is no more than 6mm When you do not need security. Select 5.3.2 Safety Measures Designers, manufacturers and suppliers shall select a fixed guard to protect persons exposed to the danger zone. Not as fixed guards Feasible, should be selected according to the following safety precautions and operation of major hazard. a) interlocking guard; b) photoelectric protection device. 5.3.3 shears from the front into the danger zone 5.3.3.1 General requirements The selected protective device combination should protect all persons exposed to the danger zone, such as in the operation, commissioning, maintenance, cleaning and inspection process Personnel entering the danger zone. Guards and protective devices should be chosen with the shears control system having at least the same security category, and its compatibility. Shears front bench should extend beyond the protected area. A feed and opening it to the danger zone (pressing device/shear line) distance B (see Figure 1) shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. To the feed opening Port A > shears 38mm, the guards should use interlocking guard or protector. Explanation. 1 --- squeeze danger; 2 --- cut danger; 3 --- motion blade; 4 --- binder foot; 5 --- fixed guards. A --- feed opening; B --- minimum safety distance. Figure 1 feed opening shears stationary anti-loaded device to the minimum safety distance Table 2 Feed opening A and B the minimum safety distance in millimeters Fee...

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