GB/Z 37150-2018 PDF English
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Guide of Risk Assessment of EMC Reliability
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GB/Z 37150-2018: PDF in English (GBZ 37150-2018) GB/Z 37150-2018
NATIONAL STANDARDIZATION TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
DOCUMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 33.100
L 06
Guide of Risk Assessment of EMC Reliability
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 4
4 Purpose and Role of EMC Risk Assessment ... 5
4.1 Overview ... 5
4.2 Purpose and role ... 5
5 EMC Risk Assessment Objects ... 6
6 Risk Criteria ... 6
7 EMC Risk Assessment Process ... 7
7.1 Overview ... 7
7.2 Identifying environmental information ... 8
7.3 Risk identification ... 9
7.4 Risk analysis ... 10
7.5 Risk assessment ... 12
8 Risk Assessment Tools ... 12
9 Risk Assessment Report Requirements ... 13
Appendix A (Informative) EMC Risk Management ... 14
Appendix B (Informative) Example of Assessment Tools of EMC Risk
Assessment ... 18
Bibliography ... 21
Guide of Risk Assessment of EMC Reliability
1 Scope
This technical guidance document gives guidelines on the purpose and role of risk
assessment of electromagnetic compatibility (hereinafter referred to as “EMC”), risk
assessment tarts, risk criteria, risk assessment processes, risk assessment tools, risk
assessment reporting requirements.
This technical guidance document is applicable to guide the selection of appropriate
EMC risk assessment techniques; so that assess the EMC risk of at the levels of
equipment, system and engineering site.
This technical guidance document does not cover all techniques for EMC and risk
assessment; the techniques not described here do not mean it is invalid.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electrotechnical Terminology - Electromagnetic Compatibility
GB/T 23694-2013 Risk Management - Vocabulary
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 4365-2003
and GB/T 23694-2013 and the following apply.
3.1 Risk assessment
The whole process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk assessment.
3.2 Risk level
The levels of risk assessment elements when making the risk assessment.
The main roles of EMC risk assessment include:
--- Identify the EMC risk and potential impact under specific tarts of equipment,
system or engineering site;
--- Increase understanding of EMC risk to facilitate the correct selection of risk
response strategies;
--- Identify the major factors that contribute to EMC risk and the weak links of EMC
risk in equipment, system or engineering site;
--- Analyze the EMC risk and uncertainties;
--- Conducive to establish design principles;
--- Help to determine whether the EMC risk is acceptable;
--- Conducive to prevent EMC problems through additional measures;
--- May be used as an input to risk management, and may be effectively linked to
other components of the risk management process.
5 EMC Risk Assessment Objects
EMC risk assessment may, according to different objects, be divided into equipment
level, system level and engineering site level. The specific technical indicators as the
assessment targets include the single, multiple or full EMC indicators of equipment,
system and site.
Equipment-level EMC risk assessment applies to the specific equipment (such as
laptops, automotive parts, etc.); it shall assess the EMC risks facing the equipment
structure and circuit board.
System-level EMC risk assessment applies to the system (for instance, complete
vehicle, etc.) consists of the products; it shall assess the EMC risks facing product itself
or inter-product in the system.
Engineering-site-level EMC risk assessment applies to the engineering site; it shall
assess the EMC risks facing the complicated application environment, installation
conditions and inter-system on the site.
6 Risk Criteria
EMC risk criteria are criteria for assessing the importance of the risk. Therefore, the
The method for EMC risk analysis may be qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative
or a combination of the above. The level of details required for EMC risk analysis
depends on the specific application, reliable data available, and needs of the
manufacturer/user.
Qualitative risk analysis may determine the risk consequences, likelihood and risk
levels by degree of importance; such as “high”, “medium”, “low” or “Level-I”, “Level-II”,
“Level-III” for the degree of importance.
Semi-quantitative method may use the digital quantity to measure the consequences
of the electromagnetic risk and the possibility of occurrence, and use the formula to
combine the two to determine the risk level.
Quantitative analysis may estimate the specific values of the electromagnetic risk
consequences and the possibility of occurrence, and convert them into the
corresponding risk level values.
7.4.2 Risk level and classification of EMC assessment elements
EMC risk level is the result of risk analysis. It may be classified according to the degree
of influence of individual elements. It may also be classified according to the qualitative,
semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis methods. It may be divided into “Level-I”,
“Level-II”, “Level-III” according to the qualitative analysis method. The divided levels
shall be typical, with no overlapping parts between the levels. The divided levels are
as follows:
a) Level-I: When the requirements of risk assessment elements are not met under
certain conditions, it shall definitely lead to failure (if the test fails);
b) Level-II: When the requirements of the risk assessment elements are not met,
there shall be other clear remedies to avoid failure;
c) Level-III: When the requirements are not met, it does not necessarily lead to test
failure.
Some specific risk elements obtained in the EMC risk analysis may not exist in the
assessment object. These risk elements may be divided into the following two types
according to their impacts on the consequences:
a) Type-a: If there is no relevant information (required) about the risk elements in
the product, then the risk level of such risk elements is considered to be highest,
Level-I;
b) Type-b: If there is no relevant information (not required) about the risk elements
in the product, then the risk level of such risk elements is considered to be lowest,
Level-III.
--- The obtained results shall be able to deepen the understanding of the nature of
the risks and how to deal with them;
--- Shall be used in a traceable, repeatable and verifiable manner.
Explain the reasons for choosing a technique in terms of relevance and applicability.
When using different techniques to obtain the assessment results, the used techniques
and results shall be comparable.
The example of risk assessment tools can refer to Appendix B.
9 Risk Assessment Report Requirements
The process and results of the EMC risk assessment shall be recorded. The risk
elements shall be expressed in understandable terms; meanwhile, the risk level shall
also be clearly stated.
The assessment results shall be recorded in a comprehensive assessment report;
such assessment report shall have sufficient details to provide the correctness of the
assessment. The assessment report shall contain at least the following information:
--- The objectives and scope of EMC risk assessment required for equipment,
system and engineering site;
--- The relationship BETWEEN assessed equipment, system and engineering site
AND test items;
--- The used risk criteria and their rationality;
--- List the brand, specification and model of product, as well as the specific product
information;
--- Risk assessment methods and selecting rational analysis;
--- The result of risk identification;
--- The results and assessment of risk analysis;
--- Analysis on sensitivity and uncertainty;
--- Key assumptions and other factors that need to be monitored;
--- Conclusions and recommendations.
be effective when required.
For the level of effectiveness for the specific control measures or a set of related control
measures, a qualitative statement can be made. In most cases, it is difficult to ensure
a high degree of accuracy. However, stating and recording the measured level of
effectiveness of risk control results are valuable; because this information helps the
decision makers compare, judge and select when improving the existing control
measures and implementing different risk response.
A.2.3 Supervision and inspection
Risk assessment process emphasizes the environmental and other factors of the
equipment, system and engineering site; these factors may change over time, and may
alter or invalidate the risk assessment results. These factors shall be identified and
continuously supervised and inspected; so that update the information input of the new
risk assessment, and conduct the dynamic assessment against the risk.
Data monitored to improve the risk assessment shall be identified and collected. The
effects of the risk control measures shall also be monitored and recorded; so that
provide data for risk analysis. The responsibility for the establishment and inspection
of evidence and documents shall be clarified.
As part of the EMC risk management process, EMC risk and control shall be
supervised and inspected regularly to confirm:
--- Assumptions about EMC risks remain valid;
--- Assumptions for which the EMC risk assessment is based on, including the
internal and external environment, remain valid;
--- Expected results being achieved;
--- Results of EMC risk assessment are in line with practical experience;
--- EMC risk response is effective.
A.2.4 Communication and recording
A successful EMC risk assessment relies on effective communication and negotiation
with the manufacturer/user of the equipment, system and engineering site, as well as
the technical capabilities of the EMC risk assessment implementer.
The involvement of EMC risk assessment stakeholders in the EMC risk assessment
management process helps:
--- Development of communication plans;
Appendix B
(Informative)
Example of Assessment Tools of EMC Risk Assessment
B.1 Overview
This Appendix gives several methods for EMC risk assessment. The selection principle
of the risk assessment method shall analyze whether it is suitable for the relevant
equipment, system and engineering site from the perspective of applicability; combine
with EMC related experience and EMC test results for risk result to verify the
correctness of the risk assessment.
B.2 Risk index method
B.2.1 Overview
The risk index method is an effective tool for classifying the risk levels and is a semi-
quantitative assessment of risk. The risk index is an estimated value derived by a
sequential scale scoring method.
NOTE: A variable measurement scale that has the nature of nominal data and can show the
order or level of data.
A suitable index model may be designed to summarize the plus, subtraction,
multiplication and/or division of the scores of each EMC risk element. Once the scoring
system is established, the model shall be used on the known equipment, system and
engineering site; and compare with the EMC test results to confirm its effectiveness.
B.2.2 Advantages and limitations
The advantages of the risk index method include:
--- The risk index method may provide an effective level-classification tool;
--- A variety of factors affecting the level may be integrated to the analysis of the risk
level.
Limitations include:
If the process (mode) and its output results fail to be well-confirmed, it may make the
results meaningless.
B.3 Risk matrix method
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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