GB/T 6068-2021 PDF English (GB/T 6068-2008: Older version)
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Test code for truck crane and tyre crane
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Test code for truck crane and mobile crane -- Part 1: General requirements
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GB/T 6068-2021: PDF in English (GBT 6068-2021) GB/T 6068-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 53.020.20
CCS J 80
Replacing GB/T 6068-2008
Test Code for Truck Crane and Tyre Crane
ISSUED ON: MAY 21, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 7
3 Terms and Definitions ... 9
4 Test Conditions ... 10
5 Chassis Running-in ... 11
6 Preparatory Test ... 11
7 Measurement of Mass Parameters ... 16
8 Measurement of Geometric Parameters ... 16
9 Driving Performance Test ... 18
10 Determination of Operation Parameters ... 24
11 No-load Test ... 26
12 Rated Load Test ... 27
13 Dynamic Load Test ... 29
14 Static Load Test ... 31
15 Complete-crane Stability Test ... 34
16 Sealing Performance Test ... 36
17 Determination of Specific Ground Pressure of Support ... 37
18 Measurement of Solid Particle Pollution of Hydraulic Oil ... 38
19 Hydraulic System Test ... 38
20 Operating Reliability Test ... 38
21 Driving Reliability Test ... 39
22 Measurement of Exhaust Smoke ... 39
23 Noise Measurement ... 39
24 Structural Test ... 39
25 Industrial Test ... 51
26 Inspection Rules ... 54
Appendix A (informative) Industrial Test Records of Cranes ... 59
Test Code for Truck Crane and Tyre Crane
1 Scope
This document specifies the test conditions, chassis running-in, preparatory test,
performance test, reliability test, structural test, industrial test and inspection rules of
truck cranes (including all-terrain cranes) and tyre cranes (hereinafter referred to as
cranes).
This document is applicable to truck cranes and tyre cranes.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this
document through normative references in the text. In terms of references with a
specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In
terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB 1495 Limits and Measurement Methods for Noise Emitted by Accelerating Motor
Vehicles
GB/T 3730.3 Motor Vehicles and Towed Vehicles - Dimensions of Vehicles - Terms and
Definitions
GB/T 3811 Design Rules for Cranes
GB 3847 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Diesel Vehicles under
Free Acceleration and Lug down Cycle
GB 4094 Motor Vehicles - Symbols for Controls, Indicators and Tell-tales
GB 4785 Prescription for Installation of the External Lighting and Light-signaling
Devices for Motor Vehicles and Their Trailers
GB/T 5905 Cranes - Test Code and Procedures
GB 7258 Technical Specifications for Safety of Power-driven Vehicles Operating on
Roads
GB/T 6974.1 Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General
GB/T 6974.2 Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 2: Mobile Cranes
is in the driving state.
3.3 Maximum Boom Length
Maximum boom length refers to the boom with the maximum length that is composed
of the main boom and the jib and can be used for operation.
NOTE: the maximum boom length is the distance from the center of the hinge point of the
main boom tail to the center of the fixed pulley on the longest jib head along the
axis of the boom when the included angle between the main boom and the jib is
the minimum and the main boom is the longest.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 The driving performance test conditions of truck cranes shall comply with the
stipulations of GB/T 12534.
4.2 The cranes shall be equipped with working devices corresponding to the test
conditions.
4.3 There shall be 1/3 ~ 2/3 fuel volume in the fuel tank. The oil level of the hydraulic
oil tank shall be within the specified scale range of the fuel level indicator, and the water
tank shall be full.
4.4 During the test of the cranes, the tyre inflation pressure shall comply with the
stipulations of the tyre and crane manufacturer, with a tolerance of ± 3%.
4.5 The ground shall be level and solid, with an inclination not greater than 1%.
4.6 The wind speed shall satisfy the following requirements:
a) During the operating performance test, the wind speed shall be not greater
than 8.3 m/s;
b) During the structural test, the wind speed shall be not greater than 4 m/s;
c) During the driving reliability test, the wind speed is not restricted by the above-
mentioned conditions.
4.7 Ambient temperature: -20 °C ~ + 40 °C.
4.8 The test load shall be accurately calibrated, and its tolerance:
a) ± 1% for vertical load;
b) ± 3% for horizontal load.
4.9 Under the condition of not affecting the test effect, the test items may be
interspersed or combined in accordance with the test content and load condition. Tests
are only carried out when the crane has the corresponding mechanisms and functions
(such as: jib, boom extension and retraction with load and travel with load, etc.), and if
there are no such mechanisms or functions, this is not required.
4.10 Cranes with special requirements shall be tested in accordance with the
conditions required by the contract.
5 Chassis Running-in
5.1 The cranes shall be subject to chassis running-in before the type test, and the
running-in mileage is:
---Not less than 50 km for truck cranes;
---Not less than 20 km for tyre cranes.
The running-in is carried out in two stages, and the running-in mileage of each stage
accounts for 50% of the total mileage, in which:
---During the first stage of running-in, the engine speed is 50% of the rated speed;
---During the second stage of running-in, the engine speed is 75% of the rated
speed.
5.2 If excessive impurities or deterioration of lubricating oil are found during the
running-in period, the lubricating oil shall be replaced in time.
6 Preparatory Test
6.1 Materials
6.1.1 Test schedule
The main contents of the test schedule shall include: test conditions, test items, cyclic
operation content, test methods and qualification determination principles, etc.
6.1.2 Test record
The test record shall generally include the following contents:
---Model and name of sample crane;
---Engine model and serial No., maximum net power;
---Test date, ambient temperature, wind power and wind direction;
c) The appearance and operating state of all hydraulic and pneumatic
components and pipelines;
d) The installation of all hydraulic and pneumatic components; the operating
performance of operating handles and pedals, etc.;
e) The range corresponding to the installation of the pressure sensor;
f) The correctness and reliability of the installation of electrical circuits and
components;
g) The reliability of hooks and connectors; wire ropes and pulleys shall not be
defective;
h) The volume of cooling water, hydraulic oil and fuel, etc.;
i) The dangerous parts and signs shall comply with the stipulations of GB/T
15052;
j) The marking of lifting hooks shall comply with the stipulations of GB/T 10051.1
~ GB/T 10051.5;
k) The wire rope anti-drop device shall effectively prevent the wire rope from
falling off;
l) Cranes with a lifting height greater than 50 m shall be equipped with an
anemometer; the real-time wind speed parameters shall be able to be
displayed in the control device;
m) The accuracy of the pressure gauge is not lower than Level 1.5.
6.4.3 Chassis part
In addition to 6.4.2, truck cranes shall also be inspected for all the following items; tyre
cranes shall be selectively inspected for the following related items:
a) The vehicle logo, vehicle body reflective logo and safety protection devices
shall comply with the stipulations of GB 7258;
b) The quantity, location and light color of the lighting and signal devices shall
comply with the stipulations of GB 4785;
c) The installation of rearview mirrors shall comply with the stipulations of GB
15084;
d) Compulsory certification components required by the state, such as: vehicle
safety glass and automobile tyres, shall have certification marks;
e) The shape, size, location and strength requirements of the license plate shall
to the maximum elevation angle:
---When the elevation angle reaches 90% ~ 100% of the elevation angle limit,
the amplitude limiter shall send a distinct and continuous early warning
signal of sound or light;
---When the elevation angle exceeds 100% of the elevation angle limit, the
amplitude limiter shall issue a distinct alarm signal of sound or light that is
clearly different from the early warning signal and cut off the amplitude-
varying mechanism’s action of running towards a dangerous direction.
6.5.5 Torque limiter
Under the rated load test conditions, carry out the test on the torque limiter.
The cranes are respectively under the operating conditions of basic jib, mid-length jib
and the longest jib. The hook firstly lifts the test load of 80% of the corresponding rated
lifting capacity, which is gradually increased to 100% of the test load:
---When the actual lifting torque reaches 90% ~ 100% of the rated lifting torque
value under the corresponding operating conditions, the torque limiter shall
issue a distinct and continuous early warning signal of sound or light;
---When the actual lifting torque exceeds 100% of the rated lifting torque value
under the corresponding operating conditions, the torque limiter shall issue a
distinct alarm signal of sound or light that is clearly different from the early
warning signal and cut off all actions of running towards a dangerous direction.
6.5.6 Lifting capacity limiter
Under the rated load test conditions, carry out the test on the lifting capacity limiter.
The cranes are respectively under the operating conditions of basic jib, mid-length jib
and the longest jib. The hook firstly lifts the test load of 80% of the corresponding rated
lifting capacity, which is gradually increased to 100% of the test load:
---When the lifting capacity reaches 90% ~ 100% of the rated lifting capacity under
the corresponding operating conditions, the lifting capacity limiter shall issue a
distinct and continuous early warning signal of sound or light;
---When the lifting capacity exceeds 100% of the rated lifting capacity under the
corresponding operating conditions, the lifting capacity limiter shall issue a
distinct alarm signal of sound or light that is clearly different from the early
warning signal and cut off all actions of running towards a dangerous direction.
6.5.7 Spray-suppression system
The spray-suppression system of the truck cranes shall comply with the stipulations of
GB 34659.
6.5.8 Safety monitoring and management system
The safety monitoring and management system of the cranes shall comply with the
stipulations of GB/T 28264.
7 Measurement of Mass Parameters
7.1 Measurement Items
The measurement items include:
a) The total mass and axle load of the complete crane in the driving state;
b) For cranes that are disassembled and transported, the mass of the main
components to be disassembled shall also be measured, such as: jibs,
additional counterweights and spare parts, etc.
7.2 Measurement Method
The measurement method shall comply with the stipulations of GB/T 12674. The error
of the measurement result relative to the nominal value shall be not greater than 3%.
8 Measurement of Geometric Parameters
8.1 Measurement Items
8.1.1 The measurement of the geometric parameters of truck cranes in the driving state
(see Figure 1) includes all the following items; tyre cranes (see Figure 2) shall
selectively measure the following related items:
a) Length L, width B and height H of the complete crane;
b) Wheelbase Z1, Z2, Z3……;
c) Wheel track (single-side single-tyre or single-side double-tyre) A1, A2……;
d) The minimum ground clearance ;
e) Approach angle and departure angle ;
f) Front suspension C1 and rear suspension C2;
g) Front extent C3 and rear extent C4.
a) Basic jib length and longest main boom length;
b) Maximum elevation angle and minimum elevation angle of the boom;
c) Maximum lifting height of basic jib and longest main boom;
d) Longitudinal span L1 and lateral span L2 of outriggers;
e) Turning radius W of the tail.
8.2 Measurement Methods
The measurement of the geometric parameters shall comply with the stipulations of
GB/T 12673.
The allowable error of the result of geometric parameter measurement relative to the
nominal value is as follows:
---Not greater than 1% for dimensions;
---Not greater than 1° for angles.
9 Driving Performance Test
9.1 Speedometer Check
The cranes shall be subject to speedometer check in accordance with the stipulations
of GB 15082.
9.2 Driving Test
9.2.1 Road surface for driving
Before exiting factory, the cranes shall be subject to the driving test on a road surface
that complies with the conditions of first and secondary highways, or a special test
track.
9.2.2 Driving mileage
The mileage of the driving test of truck cranes and tyre cranes shall be not less than
20 km.
9.2.3 Inspection items
During the driving test, the inspection items shall at least include:
a) The technical state of the assembly of the complete crane, including the
fastening state, mechanism stroke and free gap, etc.;
b) Whether the temperature of each assembly (including engine water
temperature and engine oil temperature, transmission and drive axle oil
temperature, etc.) is normal; check the operating performance and operating
state;
c) Pay close attention to the functions of steering, braking and other
mechanisms. If an abnormality is found, stop and check to find out the cause
and troubleshoot;
d) The operating state of external lighting and signal devices of the crane;
e) Leakage.
9.3 Braking Performance Test
9.3.1 Truck cranes
The braking system of truck cranes shall comply with the stipulations of GB 7258 and
GB 12676.
9.3.2 Tyre cranes
9.3.2.1 Service brake
Tyre cranes shall be subject to the service brake test under the driving state specified
by the manufacturer.
The service brake performance of tyre cranes shall be tested on a flat, solid, clean and
dry concrete or asphalt road surface.
Tyre cranes shall brake when the initial braking speed is stabilized. The braking start
signal is based on the moment when the brake pedal is fully pressed down. Measure
the sliding distance of the tyre crane from the time that the signal is sent to the complete
stop of the crane. When the initial braking speed is 24 km/h, the braking distance shall
be not greater than 9 m. If the maximum vehicle speed is less than 24 km/h, then, the
maximum vehicle speed specified by the manufacturer shall be used for the test, and
the braking distance shall be not greater than 9 m.
During the test, the initial braking speed shall be stabilized within 10% of the specified
value and corrected by Formula (1):
Where,
Lx---the corrected braking distance, expressed in (m);
expressed in (km/h);
Sn---the length of the measurement section, expressed in (m);
t---the average time of passing the measurement area, expressed in (s).
9.5 Measurement of Minimum Stable Vehicle Speed
9.5.1 Truck cranes
Truck cranes shall be subject to the measurement of minimum stable vehicle speed in
accordance with the test method specified in GB/T 12547.
For cranes with load-carrying driving function, the minimum stable vehicle speed shall
also be measured when the drive system is in the lowest gear and 50% of the allowable
maximum lifting capacity for load-carrying driving.
9.5.2 Tyre cranes
The road section in the vehicle speed measurement area shall be a flat, dry, clean,
solid asphalt or concrete road surface; the longitudinal gradient shall be not greater
than 0.1% and the lateral gradient shall be not greater than 3%. Preparatory road
sections shall be set at both ends of the measurement area, the length of which shall
enable the sample crane to reach the minimum stable speed before entering the
measurement area. During the test, there shall be no rain, and the wind speed shall
not exceed 3 m/s.
Under the driving state specified by the manufacturer, the tyre crane passes a
measurement section of 50 m at the minimum stable speed.
The tyre crane is tested respectively for 3 times in the back and forth direction; take
the average value. The actual minimum stable vehicle speed is calculated in
accordance with Formula (3):
Where,
vmin---the actual minimum vehicle speed (or actual minimum stable vehicle speed),
expressed in (km/h);
Sn---the length of the measurement section, expressed in (m);
t---the average time of passing the measurement area, expressed in (s).
9.6 Acceleration Performance Test
9.6.1 Truck cranes
Truck cranes shall be subject to the acceleration performance test in accordance with
the method specified in GB/T 12543.
9.6.2 Tyre cranes
The road section in the vehicle speed measurement area shall be a flat, dry, clean,
solid asphalt or concrete road surface; the longitudinal gradient shall be not greater
than 0.1% and the lateral gradient shall be not greater than 3%. Preparatory road
sections shall be set at both ends of the measurement area, the length of which shall
enable the sample crane to reach the minimum stable speed before entering the
measurement area.
Under the driving state specified by the manufacturer, the tyre crane takes the
minimum stable vehicle speed of the test gear as the initial speed to pass the
preparatory section and reach the starting point of the acceleration test section at a
constant speed; quickly press down the accelerator to the end to accelerate to 90% of
the maximum speed; record the acceleration process. Perform the test back and forth
for 3 times; take the average value. In addition, draw the relation curve between the
acceleration time and the acceleration stroke of the tyre crane.
9.7 Steep Hill Climbing Test
9.7.1 Truck cranes
Truck cranes shall be subject to the measurement of the maximum steep hill climbing
in accordance with the test method specified in GB/T 12539.
9.7.2 Tyre cranes
The test section for the steep hill climbing test shall be a natural ramp (asphalt
pavement or concrete pavement) with a flat, dry, clean, solid surface and a uniform
ramp. The length of the ramp exceeds three times the length of the tyre crane. There
are gradually changing sections in the front and back of the test section; the length of
the ramp of the test section shall not be less than 1.5 times the length of the tyre crane
(see Figure 3).
The longitudinal gradient of the test section is not greater than 0.1%; the lateral
gradient is not greater than 3%.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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