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GB/T 46023.1-2025: Smart glazing used on road vehicles - Part 1: Organic electrochromic glazing
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.60
CCS T 26
Smart Glazing Used on Road Vehicles - Part 1.Organic
Electrochromic Glazing
Issued on: AUGUST 1, 2025
Implemented on: FEBRUARY 1, 2026
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 4
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Requirements... 8
4.1 Appearance Quality of Electrochromic Area... 8
4.2 Optical Properties of Electrochromic Area... 9
4.3 Color Uniformity of Electrochromic Area... 9
4.4 Perceptual Switching Time... 10
4.5 Full Switching Time... 10
4.6 Power Limits... 10
4.7 Insulation Resistance... 10
4.8 Temperature and Humidity Durability... 10
4.9 Irradiation Durability... 11
4.10 Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness... 11
5 Test Methods... 11
5.1 General Rules... 11
5.2 Appearance Quality of Electrochromic Area... 12
5.3 Optical Properties of Electrochromic Area... 13
5.4 Color Uniformity of Electrochromic Area... 16
5.5 Perceptual Switching Time... 17
5.6 Full Switching Time... 19
5.7 Power Limits... 21
5.8 Insulation Resistance... 22
5.9 Temperature and Humidity Durability... 22
5.10 Irradiation Durability... 24
5.11 Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness... 25
6 Inspection Rules... 25
6.1 General Principles... 25
6.2 Exit-factory Inspection... 26
6.3 Type Inspection... 27
7 Packaging, Transportation and Storage... 28
7.1 Packaging... 28
7.2 Transportation... 29
7.3 Storage... 29
Smart Glazing Used on Road Vehicles - Part 1.Organic
Electrochromic Glazing
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging,
transportation and storage of organic electrochromic glazing used on road vehicles.
This document applies to the design, production and delivery of smart electrochromic glazing
products used on road vehicles that use organic materials as the electrochromic medium.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 5137.2-2020 Test Methods of Safety Glazing Materials Used on Road Vehicles - Part 2.
Optical Properties Tests
GB/T 5137.4 Test Methods of Safety Glazing Materials Used on Road Vehicles - Part 4.
Determination of Solar Characteristic
GB/T 11942 Test Method of Chroma for Color Building Materials
GB/T 30142 Measuring Methods for Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Electromagnetic
Shielding Materials
JC/T 2631-2021 Electrochromic Glass
JJF 1615 Calibration Specification for Solar Simulators
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in JC/T 2631-2021, and the following are applicable to this
document.
3.1 smart glazing used on road vehicles
A glazing product used on road vehicles that, under the influence or excitation of an external
energy field, can alter its optical properties, such as transmission, reflection or absorption in
specific wavelength bands.
NOTE. the absolute value of the visible light transmittance difference corresponding to the change
from bright to dark or from dark to bright is 80% of the openings of bleached and colored
(3.7).
4 Requirements
4.1 Appearance Quality of Electrochromic Area
The appearance quality of the electrochromic area of the electrochromic glazing in both the
colored and bleached states shall meet the requirements of Table 1.The corresponding state or
appearance characteristics required for different locations after assembly shall be agreed upon
by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.2 Optical Properties of Electrochromic Area
4.2.1 Visible light transmittance and its deviation
When the nominal value is explicitly stated, the absolute value of the difference between the
visible light transmittance in the bleached state and the explicitly stated nominal value shall not
exceed 5%, and the absolute value of the difference between the visible light transmittance in
the colored state and the explicitly stated nominal value shall not exceed 2%, and the visible
light transmittance in the colored state shall be less than 5%;
When the nominal value is not explicitly stated, the absolute value of the difference between
the visible light transmittance of any specimen in the bleached state and the average value shall
not exceed 4%, the absolute value of the difference between the visible light transmittance in
the colored state and the average value shall not exceed 1%, and the visible light transmittance
in the colored state shall be less than 5%;
For products with special applications, the visible light transmittance in the colored state can
be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.2.2 Uniformity of visible light transmittance
The absolute value of the maximum difference in visible light transmittance at different test
points shall not exceed 2% in both the colored and bleached states.
4.2.3 contrast ratio
The contrast ratio shall not be less than 5.If there are special requirements, it shall be agreed
upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.2.4 Deviation of openings of bleached and colored
The absolute value of the difference between the openings of bleached and colored and the
explicitly stated nominal value shall not exceed 2%; if no explicitly stated nominal value is
provided, it shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.2.5 Ultraviolet transmittance
The ultraviolet transmittance of both the colored and bleached states shall not exceed 1.0%.
4.3 Color Uniformity of Electrochromic Area
It is expressed as color difference ΔE ∗𝑎𝑏 in the CIELAB uniform color space. The single-piece
reflective color difference, batch reflective color difference, single-piece transmission color
difference, and batch transmission color difference in both the colored and bleached states shall
4.9 Irradiation Durability
After the test, the specimen shall be able to maintain normal discoloration ability. The
appearance quality of the electrochromic area shall meet the requirements of 4.1, and there shall
be no significant color change, bubbling or delamination defects outside the printing masking
area. Compared with before the test, the decrease in visible light transmittance of the specimen
in the bleached state shall not exceed 5%; the increase in visible light transmittance of the
specimen in the colored state shall not exceed 5%.
4.10 Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness
For electromagnetic waves with frequencies of 758 MHz ~ 788 MHz, 2,300 MHz ~ 2,400 MHz,
2,515 MHz ~ 2,675 MHz, 3,400 MHz ~ 3,600 MHz, and 4,800 MHz ~ 4,900 MHz, the shielding
effectiveness shall not exceed 50 dB.
If necessary, the supply-side and the demand-side shall agree on whether to conduct shielding
effectiveness tests at other frequencies.
5 Test Methods
5.1 General Rules
5.1.1 Requirements for test pieces
If the inspection item does not affect the performance of the specimen, then the specimen can
be used to continue testing for other items. When using specially made test pieces, the test
pieces shall be of the same structure, material, and manufactured under the same process
conditions as the product.
background conditions, vertically place the specimen and visually observe at a distance of 600
mm from the specimen, and record any visible appearance defects. The dimensions of point-
like defects and the width of line defects are measured using a reading microscope with a
division value of 0.01 mm. The length of line defects and the spacing between point-like defects
are measured using a steel ruler with a division value of 1 mm or a measuring instrument with
an equivalent accuracy.
5.3 Optical Properties of Electrochromic Area
5.3.1 Visible light transmittance and its deviation
5.3.1.1 Specimen
Use the product or test pieces as the specimens. The size of the test pieces shall be 600 mm
600 mm, and 3 pieces shall be used.
5.3.1.2 Test device
The test device shall conform to the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T 5137.2-2020.
5.3.1.3 Test procedures
Connect the specimen to the electrochromic control system, and in accordance with its control
program, adjust the specimen to the colored or bleached state and maintain stability. In
accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.2-2020, respectively measure the visible
light transmittance of the center point of the specimen in the colored and bleached states. If a
nominal value is explicitly stated, calculate the absolute value of the difference between the
measurement values of the 3 specimens and the explicitly stated nominal value; if no nominal
value is explicitly stated, calculate the absolute value of the difference between the
measurement values of the 3 specimens and their average value, and round the result to 0.1%.
5.3.2 Uniformity of visible light transmittance
5.3.2.1 Specimen
Use the product or test pieces as the specimens. The size of the test pieces shall be 600 mm
600 mm, and 3 pieces shall be used.
5.3.2.2 Test device
Same as 5.3.1.2.
5.3.2.3 Test procedures
Connect the specimen to the electrochromic control system, and in accordance with its control
program, adjust the specimen to the colored or bleached state and maintain stability. In
accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.2-2020, respectively measure the visible
light transmittance of the specimen in the colored and bleached states. The measurement points
5.3.5.1 Specimen
Use test pieces as the specimens. The size of the test pieces shall be 100 mm 100 mm, and 3
pieces shall be used.
5.3.5.2 Test device
A spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere conforming to the provisions of GB/T 5137.4.
5.3.5.3 Test procedures
Connect the specimen to the electrochromic control system, and in accordance with its control
program, adjust the specimen to the colored or bleached state and maintain stability. In
accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.4, respectively measure the ultraviolet
transmittance of the center point of the specimen in the colored and bleached states and round
the result to 0.01%.
5.4 Color Uniformity of Electrochromic Area
5.4.1 Specimen
Use the product as the specimens, and 5 pieces shall be used.
5.4.2 Test device
Comply with the requirements of GB/T 11942.
5.4.3 Test procedures
5.4.3.1 Connect the specimen to the electrochromic control system, and in accordance with its
control program, adjust the specimen to the colored or bleached state and maintain stability. In
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 11942, measure the color difference.
5.4.3.2 When measuring the color difference of a single piece, randomly select one specimen,
and the measurement points are shown in Figure 1.If it is not possible to take 5 measurement
points as shown in Figure 1, the measurement points agreed upon by the supply-side and the
demand-side may be used.
5.4.3.3 When measuring the color difference of a batch, as shown in Figure 1, the measurement
shall be performed at Point 2 of the 5 specimens.
5.4.3.4 When measuring the reflective color difference, a black velvet cloth or other modes
shall be used to pad the back of the measured position to maintain the consistency of the
background. The reflective color difference shall be measured on the outdoor surface of the
specimen.
5.4.3.5 When measuring the color difference of a single piece, the measurement value at the
center point of the product is used as the reference value. The measurement values at the other
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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