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GB/T 46023.1 GB/T 46023.3-2025: Smart glazing used on road vehicles - Part 3: Electro-field modulated particle orientation glazing
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT46023.3-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.60
CCS T 26
Smart Glazing Used on Road Vehicles - Part 3.Electro-field
Modulated Particle Orientation Glazing
Issued on: AUGUST 1, 2025
Implemented on: FEBRUARY 1, 2026
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative References... 7
3 Terms and Definitions... 7
4 Requirements... 9
4.1 Appearance Quality of Dimming Area... 9
4.2 Visible Light Transmittance and Deviation of Visible Light Transmittance of Dimming
Area... 10
4.3 Uniformity of Visible Light Transmittance of Dimming Area... 10
4.4 Ultraviolet Transmittance of Dimming Area... 11
4.5 Contrast Ratio of Dimming Area... 11
4.6 Deviation of Openings of Bleached and Colored of Dimming Area... 11
4.7 Color Uniformity of Dimming Area... 11
4.8 Perceptual Switching Time... 11
4.9 Full Switching Time... 11
4.10 Apparent Power... 11
4.11 Insulation Resistance... 11
4.12 Temperature and Humidity Durability... 12
4.13 Irradiation Durability... 12
4.14 Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness... 12
4.15 Overpressure Performance... 12
5 Test Methods... 13
5.1 General Rules... 13
5.2 Appearance Quality of Dimming Area... 13
5.3 Visible Light Transmittance and Deviation of Visible Light Transmittance of Dimming
Area... 14
5.4 Uniformity of Visible Light Transmittance of Dimming Area... 14
5.5 Ultraviolet Transmittance of Dimming Area... 15
5.6 Contrast Ratio of Dimming Area... 16
5.7 Deviation of Openings of Bleached and Colored of Dimming Area... 16
5.8 Color Uniformity of Dimming Area... 17
5.9 Perceptual Switching Time... 18
5.10 Full Switching Time... 21
Smart Glazing Used on Road Vehicles - Part 3.Electro-field
Modulated Particle Orientation Glazing
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking,
transportation and storage of electro-field modulated particle orientation glazing used on road
vehicles.
This document applies to the design, production and delivery of smart glazing products used
on road vehicles that use suspended particles as the dimming medium.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 5137.2-2020 Test Methods of Safety Glazing Materials Used on Road Vehicles - Part 2.
Optical Properties Tests
GB/T 5137.4 Test Methods of Safety Glazing Materials Used on Road Vehicles - Part 4.
Determination of Solar Characteristic
GB/T 11942 Test Method of Chroma for Color Building Materials
GB/T 30142 Measuring Methods for Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Electromagnetic
Shielding Materials
JC/T 2631-2021 Electrochromic Glass
JJF 1615 Calibration Specification for Solar Simulators
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in JC/T 2631-2021, and the following are applicable to this
document.
3.1 smart glazing used on road vehicles
A glazing product used on road vehicles that, under the influence or excitation of an external
energy field, can alter its optical properties, such as transmission, reflection or absorption in
Under given control conditions, the time required for electro-field modulated particle
orientation glazing (3.4) to change from bright to dark or from dark to bright.
NOTE. the absolute value of the visible light transmittance difference corresponding to the change
from bright to dark or from dark to bright is 80% of the openings of bleached and colored
(3.8).
3.11 puncture
The phenomenon of localized burning of the suspended particle dimming layer caused by
discharge between electrodes under the influence of an electric field.
4 Requirements
4.1 Appearance Quality of Dimming Area
The appearance quality of the dimming area of the electro-field modulated particle orientation
glazing in both transparent and dark states shall meet the requirements of Table 1.The
corresponding state or appearance characteristics required for different locations after assembly
shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.4 Ultraviolet Transmittance of Dimming Area
The ultraviolet transmittance of the dimming area shall not exceed 1.0% in the dark and
transparent states.
4.5 Contrast Ratio of Dimming Area
The contrast ratio of the dimming area shall not be less than 20.If there are special requirements,
they shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.6 Deviation of Openings of Bleached and Colored of Dimming Area
The absolute value of the difference between the openings of bleached and colored of the
dimming area and the explicitly stated nominal value shall not exceed 2%. If no explicitly stated
nominal value is provided, it shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.7 Color Uniformity of Dimming Area
It is expressed as color difference ΔE ∗𝑎𝑏 in the CIELAB uniform color space. The single-piece
reflective color difference, batch reflective color difference, single-piece transmission color
difference, and batch transmission color difference in the dark and transparent states of the
dimming area shall all not exceed 3.0.
4.8 Perceptual Switching Time
The perceptual switching time in the dark state shall be less than 15 s, and the perceptual
switching time in the transparent state shall be less than 15 s. Special requirements shall be
agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
4.9 Full Switching Time
The full switching time in the dark state shall be less than 60 s, and the full switching time in
the transparent state shall be less than 30 s. Special requirements shall be agreed upon by the
supply-side and the demand-side.
4.10 Apparent Power
When the dimming area is no greater than 1 m², the apparent power when power-on shall be no
greater than 10.0 VA; when the dimming area is greater than 1 m², the apparent power when
powered on shall be agreed upon by the supply-side and the demand-side.
The apparent power under special environmental conditions shall be agreed upon by the supply-
side and the demand-side.
4.11 Insulation Resistance
The insulation resistance value shall be no less than 50 M.
5 Test Methods
5.1 General Rules
5.1.1 Requirements for test pieces
If the inspection item does not affect the performance of the specimen, then the specimen can
be used to continue testing for other items. When using specially made test pieces, the test
pieces shall be of the same structure, material, and manufactured under the same process
conditions as the product. The dimensions of the dimming area corresponding to test pieces of
different dimensions are shown in Table 4.
5.1.2 Adjustment and control requirements for dimming area
The dimming control system and its control program shall be provided by the manufacturer and
consistent with the actual operating conditions of the product, enabling the specimen to
transition to the desired transmission state and remain stable. The adjustment and control
requirements for the dimming area and the test results shall be simultaneously recorded.
5.1.3 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted under the following environmental
conditions.
a) Temperature. (23 2) C;
b) Relative humidity. 40% ~ 80%.
5.2 Appearance Quality of Dimming Area
5.2.1 Specimen
Use the product as the specimen.
5.2.2 Test procedures
5.2.2.1 Connect the specimen to the dimming control system. In accordance with its control
program, adjust the specimen to the dark and transparent states and maintain stability.
5.2.2.2 Under an illumination of (1,000 200) lx or in good natural or diffused light background
conditions, vertically place the specimen, and at a distance of 600 mm from the specimen,
visually observe it, and record any visible appearance defects. The size of point-like defects and
the width of line defects are measured using a reading microscope with a division value of 0.01
mm. The length of line defects and the distance between point-like defects are measured using
a steel ruler with a division value of 1 mm or a measuring instrument of equivalent accuracy.
5.3 Visible Light Transmittance and Deviation of Visible Light Transmittance of
Dimming Area
5.3.1 Specimen
Use the product or test pieces as the specimens. The size of the test pieces shall be 600 mm
600 mm, and 3 pieces shall be used.
5.3.2 Test device
Conform to the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T 5137.2-2020.
5.3.3 Test procedures
5.3.3.1 Connect the specimen to the dimming control system. In accordance with its control
program, adjust the specimen to the dark and transparent states and maintain stability.
5.3.3.2 In accordance with the method specified in Chapter 5 of GB/T 5137.2-2020,
respectively measure the visible light transmittance of the center point of the specimen in the
dark and transparent states. If the specimen has an explicitly stated nominal value, then,
calculate the absolute value of the difference between the measurement values of the 3
specimens and the explicitly stated nominal value; if the specimen does not have an explicitly
stated nominal value, then, calculate the absolute value of the difference between the
measurement values of the 3 specimens and their average value, and round the result to 0.1%.
5.4 Uniformity of Visible Light Transmittance of Dimming Area
5.4.1 Specimen
Use the product or test pieces as the specimens. The size of the test pieces shall be 600 mm
600 mm, and 3 pieces shall be used.
5.4.2 Test device
Conform to the provisions of 5.3 in GB/T 5137.2-2020.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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