GB/T 34370.12-2024 PDF English
Search result: GB/T 34370.12-2024 English: PDF (GB/T34370.12-2024)
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 34370.12-2024 | English | 275 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Nondestructive testing of amusement equipments - Part 12: Phase-array ultrasonic testing methods for bolts
| Valid |
PDF Preview: GB/T 34370.12-2024
GB/T 34370.12-2024: PDF in English (GBT 34370.12-2024) GB/T 34370.12-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
CCS Y 57
Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment – Part 12:
Phase-Array Ultrasonic Testing Methods for Bolts
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 23, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative References ... 7
3 Terms and Definitions ... 8
4 Principle of Testing ... 8
5 Safety Requirements ... 9
6 Personnel Requirements ... 9
7 Testing Equipment and Instruments ... 10
7.1 Basic requirements ... 10
7.2 Testing instruments ... 10
7.3 Probe ... 10
7.4 System combination performance of ultrasonic testing instrument and probe ... 11
7.5 Test blocks ... 12
7.6 Coupling agent ... 12
8 Testing and Evaluation ... 12
8.1 General testing process ... 12
8.2 Test process card ... 13
8.3 Preparation before testing ... 13
8.4 Implementation of testing ... 14
8.5 Evaluation ... 14
9 Test Records and Reports ... 15
9.1 Test records ... 15
9.2 Test report ... 15
Appendix A (Normative) Requirements for Comparison Test Blocks for Phase-Array
Ultrasonic Testing of Bolts ... 17
A.1 Comparison test block 1 ... 17
A.2 Comparison test block 2 ... 18
Nondestructive Testing of Amusement Equipment
– Part 12: Phase-Array Ultrasonic Testing Methods for Bolts
1 Scope
This Document describes the phase-array ultrasonic testing and result evaluation method for
crack defects in bolts of amusement facilities.
This Document is applicable to the in-situ ultrasonic testing of steel bolts with an outer diameter
of no less than 10 mm and no more than 100 mm and a length of no more than 1 000 mm for
amusement facilities. The phase-array ultrasonic testing of steel bolts and shafts (pins) for
amusement facilities, cableways and other mechanical equipment shall be implemented as a
reference.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in ultrasonic testing
GB/T 20306 Amusement devices terminology
GB/T 34370.1 Nondestructive testing of amusement equipment - Part 1: General
requirement
GB/T 34370.5 Nondestructive testing of amusement equipment - Part 5: Ultrasonic testing
GB/T 41114 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for a calibration
block for phased array testing (PAUT)
GB/T 42399.1 Non-destructive testing instruments - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic phased array equipment - Part 1: Instruments
GB/T 42399.2 Non-destructive testing instruments - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic phased array equipment - Part 2: Probes
GB/T 42399.3 Non-destructive testing instruments - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic phased array equipment - Part 3: Combined system
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 12604.1, GB/T
20306, GB/T 34370.1, GB/T 34370.5 and the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Circumferential planar array
A plurality of wafers on the same plane are arranged circumferentially to form a single-layer
annular planar array probe.
3.2 Circumferential scan
The scanning method that the aperture center of the excitation sound beam steps around the
center of the probe; and the sound beam is dynamically focused on the sound beam of the
corresponding cylindrical busbar.
3.3 Cylindrically B-scan view
The sound field image formed on the circular section parallel to the sound beam and
perpendicular to the scanning surface of the cylindrical workpiece under test is displayed in a
color or grayscale manner to represent the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal.
3.4 Circumferential C-scan view
The sound field image formed on the cross section parallel to the bolt scanning surface is
displayed in color or grayscale to represent the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal within the
preset time window.
4 Principle of Testing
According to the set delay law, some array elements of the circumferential planar array probe
are excited. The synthetic sound beam has the functions of radial small-angle deflection,
circumferential focusing and continuous scanning of the sound beam. The ultrasonic signal
received by each array element is then processed in a circumferential scanning manner
according to the same delay law or dynamic focusing, and the discontinuous information inside
the bolt is displayed by A-scan, cylindrical B-scan or circumferential C-scan, as shown in
Figure 1.
7 Testing Equipment and Instruments
7.1 Basic requirements
7.1.1 Ultrasonic testing equipment shall at least include probe, phase-array ultrasonic detector,
standard test block, comparison test block, coupling agent. If there are rust stains or raised
lettering on the tested surface, grinding tools shall be prepared.
7.1.2 The probe, phase-array ultrasonic detector, standard test block, and comparison test block
in the ultrasonic testing equipment shall have a product quality certificate or qualified
certification documents.
7.1.3 The calibration, verification, periodic verification, and inspection of ultrasonic testing
equipment and instruments shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB/T
34370.1 and GB/T 34370.5.
7.2 Testing instruments
In addition to meeting the requirements of GB/T 42399.1, ultrasonic detectors shall also meet
the following requirements:
a) The measured value of the transmitted pulse repetition frequency of the phase-array
ultrasonic detector shall not exceed 10% from the nominal value; the measured value of
the transmitted pulse voltage shall not exceed 20% from the nominal value; the measured
value of the transmitted pulse width shall not exceed 10% from the nominal value; and
the transmit pulse rise time shall be less than 0.25 times the nominal frequency cycle
time of the highest probe that may be used;
b) The operating frequency of the phase-array ultrasonic detector shall be measured at -3 dB
and include at least a range of 0.5 MHz to 15 MHz; and the error between the measured
value and the nominal value of the upper and lower limits of each frequency band shall
not exceed 10%;
c) The phase-array ultrasonic detector shall have no less than 16/64 receiving excitation
channels and shall have a circumferential scanning function;
d) The gain range is 0 dB to 80 dB; and the minimum adjustment step is no greater than 0.5
dB;
e) The scanned image has A-scan view, cylindrically B-scan view, and circumferential C-
scan view functions.
7.3 Probe
In addition to meeting the requirements of GB/T 42399.2, the phase-array probe shall also meet
the following requirements.
a) The ultrasonic phase-array detection probe shall be a circumferential planar array probe,
and shall also include a linear array probe.
b) The center frequency of the ultrasonic phase-array probe shall be in the range of 2 MHz
to 10 MHz.
c) The number of array elements of the ultrasonic phase-array probe shall be no less than 32.
d) The blind area shall not affect the key inspection area of the bolt, such as the stress
concentration area such as the root of the nut and the threaded section.
e) Use the collected data to evaluate the consistency and functionality of the probe; compare
the files previously set up with the same instrument, and obtain a receiver gain of 80%
response within the ±2 dB range of any previous evaluation result; and the difference
between each two array elements shall be within the ±2 dB of the chip.
f) There should be no failed chips within the excitation aperture range. If failed chips are
unavoidable, the number of failed chips within any 1/4 circumference of the
circumferential linear array shall not exceed 25% of the total number of excited chips,
and there shall be no adjacent failed chips, provided that the detection sensitivity meets
the requirements.
7.4 System combination performance of ultrasonic testing instrument and probe
7.4.1 In addition to meeting the requirements of GB/T 42399.3, the system combination
performance of ultrasonic testing instrument and probe shall also meet the following
requirements:
a) Vertical linearity: deviation is no greater than 5%;
b) Horizontal linearity: deviation is no greater than 1%;
c) Sensitivity margin: at the maximum detection sound range, when detecting a 1 mm
artificial groove, the sensitivity margin is no less than 10 dB;
d) The probe frequency matches the instrument bandwidth, and the error is no greater than
10%;
e) Longitudinal resolution: when using a 5 MHz probe, it is no greater than 2 mm.
7.4.2 The system combination performance of the testing instrument and probe shall be
measured in the following situations:
a) Newly purchased ultrasonic testing instruments and (or) probes;
b) After the testing instrument and probe have been repaired or the main components have
been replaced;
By manually adjusting the time gain compensation (TCG) curve, the echo height of the artificial
groove at different sound paths on the bolt comparison block is adjusted to 80% of the screen
height as the reference sensitivity; and then the gain 6 dB again as the detection sensitivity.
8.3.5 Use of coupling agent
The coupling agent used during the test shall be the same as that used to measure the distance
wave amplitude curve.
8.3.6 Probe position
8.3.6.1 The probe position shall be selected according to the structural form of the bolt
according to the following requirements.
a) For bolts without center holes, when the length is less than or equal to the effective
detection length, scanning shall be performed from one end; when the length is greater
than the effective detection length, scanning shall be performed from both ends.
b) For bolts with center holes, scan from both ends, respectively.
8.3.6.2 For the tested area of the workpiece that can be covered by the probe sound field, a
circumferential planar linear array probe shall be used and placed in the center for testing.
8.3.6.3 When the probe sound field cannot cover the tested area of the workpiece at one time,
a linear array probe shall be used to manually scan circumferentially around the center of the
bolt.
8.3.7 Sensitivity compensation
Sensitivity compensation shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of GB/T
34370.5.
8.3.8 Surface treatment of bolts
The test surface shall be treated to be free of rust and stains; and the raised engraving
reinforcement shall be polished to 0.2 mm.
8.4 Implementation of testing
The test shall be carried out when the equipment is stopped; and the test environment
temperature shall be 5℃ ~ 40℃. Scan the workpiece according to the requirements of 8.3.6,
and record the test results after the coupling is stable.
8.5 Evaluation
8.5.1 Determination of defect indication length
The defect indication length shall be determined by the half-wave height method (-6 dB
method). Place the probe to find the strongest reflected wave of the defect; adjust the wave
height to 80% of the screen height; move the cursor in the circumferential direction; and mark
when the wave height drops to 40% of the screen height. Move the cursor in the opposite
direction to the same position where the wave height drops to 40% of the screen height and
mark it. The distance between the two marks is the defect indication length.
8.5.2 Defect evaluation
If the maximum reflected wave amplitude is no less than the reference sensitivity and the
indicated length is no less than 5 mm defect reflection wave amplitude, it shall be determined
as a crack. If it is less than 5 mm, the defect nature is not determined; and it can also be further
determined by disassembly or other non-destructive testing methods.
9 Test Records and Reports
9.1 Test records
Test records shall record test data or information in accordance with the requirements of the
test process regulations, and shall at least include the contents of the test report except the result
evaluation.
9.2 Test report
Ultrasonic test reports shall at least include the following contents:
a) Commissioning organization, test organization and report number;
b) Process specification version or test process card number;
c) Test execution standard;
d) Bolt name, number, material, surface condition;
e) Test equipment: instrument model and number, probe, test block, coupling agent;
f) Test process parameters: test range, scanning position (face, side, etc.), test ratio, test
sensitivity, sensitivity compensation, etc.;
g) Test schematic diagram of test location, test area, and the location, size, echo amplitude,
evaluation and distribution of the found defects;
h) The ultrasonic test area shall be indicated in the report; and if there are parts that cannot
be detected due to geometric shape restrictions, they shall also be explained;
i) Signature, date and qualifications of the tester and auditor;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|