GB/T 13174-2021 PDF English (GB/T 13174-2008: Older version)
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Determination of detergency and cycle of washing property for laundry detergents
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Determination of detergency and cycle of washing property for laundry detergents [including 2012 Modification 1]
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GB/T 13174-2021: PDF in English (GBT 13174-2021) GB/T 13174-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 71.100.40
Y 43
Replacing GB/T 13174-2008
Determination of Detergency and Cycle of Washing
Property for Laundry Detergents
[Including No.1 Amendment List 2023XG1]
ISSUED ON: MARCH 9, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions, Symbols and Codes ... 6
4 Test Principle ... 8
5 Reagents and Materials ... 9
6 Instruments and Equipment ... 10
7 Test Procedures ... 12
8 Result Calculation and Determination ... 17
9 Test Report ... 20
Appendix A (normative) Types and Production of JB Series Test Cloths ... 22
Appendix B (normative) Requirements for the Types and Production of Reference
Detergent ... 27
Appendix C (normative) Technical Parameters of Rinsing Controller ... 29
Appendix D (informative) Q Value Inspection Method ... 30
Appendix E (normative) Inspection and Determination of Test Results of Rate of the
Value of Detergency ... 31
Bibliography ... 33
No. 1 Amendment List [2023XG1] ... 34
Determination of Detergency and Cycle of Washing
Property for Laundry Detergents
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the methods of evaluating the detergency of detergents by performing
detergency tests with artificial test cloths and evaluating the anti-soil-redeposition property of
detergents by using white cotton cloths for control cycle washing.
This Standard is applicable to the evaluation of detergency and anti-soil-redeposition property
of laundry detergents.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of
references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this
document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 210.1-2004 Specification and Determination Methods of Sodium Carbonate for Industrial
Use - Part 1: Sodium Carbonate for Industrial Use
GB/T 4209-2008 Sodium Silicate for Industrial Use
GB/T 6009-2014 Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate for Industrial Use
GB/T 6682 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use - Specification and Test Methods
GB/T 25812 Standard Bleached Cotton Fabric Used for Dyeing Test
HG/T 3268-2002 Triethanolamine for Industrial Use
JJG 512 Whiteness Meters
QB/T 1806-1993 Alkali Proteinase for Detergent
QB/T 5481-2019 Detergent Builder - Sodium Polyacrylate
Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Edition 2005)
wash the various types of soiled test pieces, and use a whiteness meter to determine the
whiteness index of the pieces of test cloths before and after washing at the selected wavelength.
Take the whiteness difference of the pieces of test cloths to evaluate the detergency of the
detergent.
In the detergency test machine, in accordance with the specified temperature and washing time,
use water with a certain hardness to prepare a detergent solution with a certain concentration;
add a certain amount of soiling solution to wash a certain number of white cotton cloth pieces.
After taking them out and drying them in the air, repeat the washing process for a specified
number of times (generally, more than 20 times), conduct sensory evaluation on the appearance
(roughness) and softness of the white cotton cloth pieces; determine the ash deposition (burning
method) and whiteness preserved (calculated from the whiteness index before and after
washing). Compare these criteria to evaluate the anti-soil-redeposition property of the detergent.
5 Reagents and Materials
Unless it is otherwise specified, only reagents that are confirmed as analytically pure and Grade-
3 water that complies with GB/T 6682 are used in the analysis.
5.1 Calcium chloride (CaCl2).
NOTE: calcium chloride with a certain hydration number may also be used, but it needs to be
converted in accordance with the usage of CaCl2 specified in 7.1 during specific use.
5.2 Magnesium chloride (MgCl2 6H2O)
NOTE: anhydrous magnesium chloride or magnesium chloride with a certain hydration number
may also be used, but it needs to be converted in accordance with the usage of MgCl2
6H2O specified in 7.1 during specific use.
5.3 Soiled cloth: JB series:
In accordance with the purpose of the test, select one or several JB series soiled cloths listed in
Appendix A to determine the detergency or cycle of washing property. Before use, cut the soiled
cloths into a circle or square of a certain size (for example: JB-01 / JB-02 / JB-03 are a circle
with a diameter of 6 cm, JB-00 is an 8 cm 8 cm square), which is called pieces of test cloths.
In order to ensure the consistency and comparability of the test results, the soiled cloths in
Appendix A can be uniformly produced and provided by relevant organizations.
NOTE: the uneven edges around each soiled cloth can be cut off. For the pieces of test cloths that
need to be subjected to multiple times of repeated washing test, in order to prevent
excessive threads from coming off during washing, if necessary, use cotton threads to over-
lock the edges in advance.
5.4 Reference detergents:
The formulation and preparation methods of the reference detergents are listed in Appendix B.
The reference detergents are processed and produced with raw materials of uniform
specifications and processes, and if necessary, uniformly customized. During use, in accordance
with the requirements of this Standard or product standards, prepare them to the specified
concentration.
NOTE: differences in raw materials and processing processes may cause inconsistent detergency
of the reference detergents.
5.5 Reference proteases
Specifications of reference proteases: the reference proteases should be produced with raw
materials of uniform specifications and processes, requiring uniform activity and a clarified
shelf life. For the technical requirements of the product, see the superior product index in QB/T
1806-1993. In addition, carry out necessary identification of enzyme activity.
The preparation and usage of reference proteases solution: when the reference proteases need
to be added to the detergency test of the sample, then, weigh-take a certain amount of the
proteases (based on the identified enzyme activity, in accordance with the added activity unit
required for product testing, convert into the mass of use), add a small amount of water; under
electromagnetic stirring, stir and disintegrate it for 10 min; use water to reach a constant volume
of 100 mL. Transfer-take 1 mL and add it to stain-removing bathtub containing 1 L of reference
detergent solution and discard the remaining of it.
6 Instruments and Equipment
6.1 Vertical-type Detergency Test Machine
6.1.1 Vertical-type detergency test machine: range of rotational speed: 30 r/min ~ 200 r/min;
temperature error 0.5 C; see the appearance in Figure 1.
6.1.2 Bathtub for stain removal: 120 mm, height 170 mm.
6.1.3 Stirring impeller for stain removal: trilobal pulsator, 80 mm; see the structure in Figure
2 and Figure 3.
6.2 Whiteness Meter
Fluorescent whiteness meter. The illumination and detection modes are vertical illumination
diffuse detection (o/d). It conforms to the verification requirements of JJG 512.
6.3 Large Enamel Plate
Specifications: 46 cm 36 cm.
6.4 Porcelain Crucible
with similar average chromaticity (in order to eliminate the differences among different batches
of soiled cloths, the six groups of test cloth pieces shall be cut from the same piece of JB series
soiled cloth as much as possible). In each group, there shall be 4 or more JB test cloth pieces
for the detergency test, and 6 JB-00 test cloth pieces for the whiteness preserved or cycle of
washing property test. Meanwhile, record the numbers of the test cloth pieces, and each group
of test cloth pieces is used for the performance test of one sample.
NOTE 1: each group of test cloth pieces is used for the performance test of one sample. In
accordance with the number of products to be determined and the model of the
detergency test machine, determine the number of groups of test cloth pieces required.
Six groups of test cloth pieces are the maximum number for a complete-machine test of
a common model of vertical-type detergency test machine.
NOTE 2: in the determination of detergency and washing, in accordance with different varieties of
JB series test cloth pieces, the detergency of the detergent can be respectively tested for
different stains, and test results can be provided. It is also feasible to combine various
soiled cloths to test the detergency, then, respectively compare them and provide the test
results. The test conditions need to be indicated in the report of test results.
7.2.2 Measurement of whiteness
During the detergency or cycle of washing property test, stack the pieces of test cloths in
accordance with the same category, and use the whiteness meter to read the whiteness index
before and after washing one by one at 457 nm. For the whiteness index before washing,
respectively take two points on the front and back of the pieces of test cloths (if it is a test cloth
piece with one side soiled, then, take two points only at the symmetrical position of the front
center) to measure the whiteness index; take the average value of four measurements as the
whiteness index F1 of the piece of test cloth before washing. In the same way, measure the
whiteness index after washing, and take the average value of four measurements as the
whiteness index F2 of the piece of test cloth after washing.
7.3 Detergency and Washing Tests
The detergency and washing tests are carried out in accordance with the following steps:
a) In order to ensure the reliability of the comparison of test results, the number and
variety of pieces of test cloths in each group during the determination of detergency
and washing shall be the same. When the mode of respectively testing the detergency
of the detergent is adopted for different stains, there shall be at least 6 pieces of test
cloths in each group. When multiple soiled cloths are combined together for the
detergency test, there shall be 4 pieces of test cloths for each stain, and the number of
test cloth pieces in each group shall be controlled at 8 ~ 16.
NOTE 1: there is cross-interference among different types of stains in the detergency and washing
determination, and under the influence of factors like washing bath ratio, the test results
obtained through different combinations of soiled cloths (including different types or
different numbers of test cloth pieces used in the same type of combination) may be
different and may also differ from the independent test results of an individual soiled
cloth. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of the test comparison
conditions.
b) The rinsing test shall be carried out in the vertical-type detergency test machine (6.1).
Before the determination, firstly, number the stirring impeller, working tank and stain-
removing bathtub one by one to form a “working unit”, and pre-heat the instrument
to 30 C 1 C and stabilize for a period of time. During the test, use 250 mg/kg hard
water (pre-heated to about 30 C in advance) to respectively prepare the specimen
and the reference detergent (5.4) to 1 L of test solution with a certain concentration
(unless it is otherwise specified, the concentrations of the reference detergent and the
specimen solution are both 0.2%); pour it into the corresponding stain-removing
bathtub, put the bathtub at the corresponding position and properly install the stirring
impeller; adjust the instrument to maintain the washing test temperature at 30 C 1
C and get ready for the determination.
c) In accordance with the test requirements of the sample, add 1 mL of reference
proteases (5.5) solution to the reference detergent solution in the stain-removing
bathtub, and meanwhile, start stirring for 30 s, then, stop.
NOTE 2: whether to use the reference proteases and the use concentration of the proteases solution
can be specifically grasped in accordance with the product indicators or the customer’s
requirements. When the reference proteases are not used, this step is omitted.
d) Put each group of test cloth pieces subjected to the determination of whiteness index
in 7.2 into each bathtub one by one; start stirring and maintain the stirring speed at
120 r/min (angular velocity 220 /min). The washing process shall last for 20 min,
then, stop it.
NOTE 3: when adding pieces of test cloths to the bathtub, unfold them, and if necessary, add them
one by one, so as to prevent the test cloth pieces from sticking together.
NOTE 4: the entire test process from preparing the specimen solution to the completion of washing
is completed within 30 min.
e) Take out the pieces of test cloths from each stain-removing bathtub and put them
together into the inner tub of the rinser (6.7); control the moisture and assemble the
inner and outer tubs of the rinser; put on the cover and hand-dry it for 15 s (the
rotational speed of the inner tub is about 1,800 r/min). Then, pour 1,500 mL of tap
water into the rinser and cover it again. In an alternate manner of 5 turns clockwise
and 5 turns counterclockwise, at a constant speed, rinse the test cloth piece manually
or with the rinsing controller (6.8) for 30 s, during which, the inner tub shall
thoroughly rotate. However, it is necessary to avoid overflow of rinsing water in the
container due to excessively fast rotation. Drain the rinsing water, and hand-dry the
pieces of test cloths for 15 s. Again, add 1,500 mL of tap water, repeat the above-
mentioned step to conduct the second rinsing and drying. Repeat this to conduct a
hard water (pre-heated to about 30 C in advance) to respectively prepare the
specimen and the reference detergent (5.4) to 1 L of test solution with a certain
concentration (unless it is otherwise specified, the concentrations of the reference
detergent and the specimen solution are both 0.2%); pour it into the corresponding
stain-removing bathtub, put the bathtub at the corresponding position and properly
install the stirring impeller; adjust the instrument to maintain the washing test
temperature at 30 C 1 C and get ready for the determination.
c) Add 3 mL of JB-W1 soiled solution (Appendix A) to each bathtub, meanwhile, start
stirring for 30 s, then, stop.
NOTE 3: the preparation mode of oily soiled solution shall comply with A.5 in Appendix A.
d) Respectively put each group of test cloth pieces JB-00 subjected to the determination
of whiteness index in 7.2 into each bathtub; start stirring and maintain the stirring
speed at 120 r/min (angular velocity 220 /min). The washing process shall last for
20 min, then, stop it. Combine the pieces of test cloths in each stain-removing bathtub
and put them together into the inner tub of the rinser (6.7); control the moisture and
put it into the rinser. Pour 1,500 mL of tap water into the rinser and cover it. In an
alternate manner of 5 turns clockwise and 5 turns counterclockwise, at a constant
speed, rinse the test cloth piece manually or with the rinsing controller (6.8) for 30 s,
during which, the inner tub shall thoroughly rotate. However, it is necessary to avoid
overflow of rinsing water in the container due to excessively fast rotation. Drain the
rinsing water; again, add 1,500 mL of tap water, repeat the above-mentioned step to
conduct the second rinsing. Drain the rinsing water and hand-dry the test cloth pieces
for 15 s (the rotational speed of the inner tub is 1,800 r/min). Take out the test cloth
pieces after rinsing and place them in the enamel plate (6.3) to dry at room
temperature or oven-dry them (see NOTE 5 of 7.3), then, complete one washing.
e) For the washed test cloth pieces, repeat the steps 7.4.1 b) ~ 7.4.1 d), during which,
after every 5 cycles of washing, in accordance with 7.2, determine the whiteness index
of the air-dried test cloth pieces and observe whether the changes of the test results
are normal. In this way, after continuous cycle of washing to the specified number of
times (usually, 20 times), in accordance with 8.2.1, calculate the whiteness preserved,
meanwhile, continue to carry out the following test. If there is an abnormality in the
results during the washing cycle, the test shall be interrupted and re-performed.
7.4.2 Determination of ash deposition
In accordance with the following steps, conduct the determination:
a) After the washing cycle is completed, from the test cloth pieces obtained from each
parallel stain-removing bathtub of the sample and the reference detergent in a
complete-machine test, take 2 pieces of test cloths from each bathtub and reserve them
for the evaluation of appearance damage (roughness) and softness (see 8.2.3), and the
remaining is subject to the determination of ash deposition.
A.3.10 Graduated cylinders: 100 mL and 250 mL.
A.3.11 Planetary ball mill, equipped with a 500 mL ball mill jar.
A.3.12 Enamel plate: 46 cm 36 cm.
A.3.13 1,000 mL enamel beaker.
A.4 Production of JB-00
Cut the white pure cotton cloth (A.2.1) into rectangular cloth pieces of a certain size along the
latitude and longitude lines; put them into the cylinder washing machine (A.3.1); use tap water,
and in accordance with the standard washing mode of the washing machine, wash them and
spin them dry. Then, use deionized water to perform heated washing for 30 min at a washing
temperature of about 60 C. After spin-drying, flatten and dry them with an ironing machine or
an electric iron (A.3.2), and cut them into a certain size (for example, 27 cm 44 cm). Reserve
them for the preparation of test cloths or the determination of the cycle of washing property in
the next stage.
NOTE: the number of white cloths to be processed at one time can be determined in accordance
with the washing capacity of the washing machine.
A.5 Production of JB-W1 soiling solution
The operation steps are as follows:
a) Weigh-take 8 g of gum Arabic powder (A.2.2.2) and add 40 mL of water; stir and
dissolve it in a water bath to obtain a solution; reserve it for later use;
b) Weigh-take 24 g of phospholipids (A.2.2.3), add 12 g of a mixed oil of castor oil
(A.2.2.4), liquid paraffin (A.2.2.5) and lanolin (A.2.2.6) prepared in the ratio of 1 : 1 :
1 in advance. Add 25 mL of 95% ethanol (A.2.2.1) and 25 mL of water; heat it in a
water bath and keep stirring to make it into a uniform viscous solution. After the
solution boils and bubbles, take it out of the water bath and reserve it for later use;
c) Weigh-take 20 g of FS-02 (A.2.2.7), add 50 mL of 95% ethanol (A.2.2.1) and 50 mL
of water; stir to dissolve it and reserve it for later use;
d) Weigh-take 5 g of carbon black (A.2.2.8), add 20 mL of 95% ethanol (A.2.2.1) and
20 mL of water; sock and moisten it and reserve it for later use;
e) Inject 150 mL of water into the colloid mill (A.3.4) and actuate the colloid mill. Under
stable operation, add the carbon black mixture [A.5 d)], then, add the gum Arabic
solution [A.5 a)], after grinding for 15 min, stop it. Put the solution into a pre-weighed
1,000 mL enamel beaker (A.3.13) and use 150 mL of water to wash the inner wall of
the colloid mill, then, combine the washing solution;
f) Place the above-ground mixed solution on a magnetic stirrer (A.3.3) and stir for 10
min; add FS-02 solution [A.5 c)] and continue to stir for 10 min. Then, add 100 mL
of 95% ethanol (A.2.2.1) and stir for another 10 min. Start to dropwise add the
phospholipid mixed oil [A.5 b)]; after the dropwise adding is completed, continue to
stir and emulsify for about 1 h. Then, add water to the mixed soiling solution, until
the total weight of the content is 800 g; stir for about 5 min to make it evenly mixed.
NOTE: JB-W1 is used as the source of stains for the determination of the cycle of washing property
and also, the stains for the production of JB-01 test cloths.
A.6 Production of JB-01 test cloths
Adjust the pressure of the padder (A.3.5) to 0.3 MPa and adjust the soiling solution tank. Use
100 m filter cloth to filter JB-W1 soiling solution (A.5) and pour it into the soiling solution
tank of the padder. Soak and pressurize JB-00 white cotton cloth once, then, soak and pressurize
the stained cloth in reverse, and hang it to dry.
A.7 Production of JB-02 test cloths
The operation steps are as follows:
a) Weigh-take 6.7 g of gum Arabic powder (A.2.2.2) and add a small amount of water
to moisten it; place it in a water bath and heat to dissolve it. Add 4.5 g of carbon black
(A.2.2.8), grind for about 2 min and reserve it for later use.
b) Weigh-take 38.6 g of milk powder (A.2.2.10), add 120 mL of water and evenly stir it.
Then, add it to the above-mentioned solution to mix, and add water, until the total
volume is 356 mL.
c) Take a beaker and put 70 g of egg liquid (A.2.2.9), which includes 42 g of egg white
and 28 g of egg yolk. Add 356 mL of water to stir it well and reserve it for later use.
d) Use the emulsifier (A.3.6) to homogenize the solution b) at a speed of about 10,000
r/min for 20 min, then, add the egg liquid c) and continue to emulsify for 40 min to
prepare a dyeing soiling solution.
e) Adjust the pressure of the padder (A.3.5) to 0.3 MPa and adjust the soiling solution
tank. Use two-layer gauze to filter the prepared soiling solution [A.7 d)] into the
soiling solution tank of the padder. Take JB-00 white cotton cloth for pad dyeing and
hang it to dry.
A.8 Production of JB-03 test cloths
A.8.1 Preparation of mixed oil
Respectively weigh-take 30 g of liquid paraffin (A.2.2.5), 30 g of palmitic acid (A.2.2.11), 45
g of coconut oil (A.2.2.12), 15 g of stearic acid (A.2.2.13), 15 g of squalene (A.2.2.14), 15 g of
cholesterol (A.2.2.15), 60 g of olive oil (A.2.2.16) and 45 g of cotton oleic acid (A.2.2.17) in a
beaker (A.3.9). After heating and fully melting, evenly stir it and put it into a container; store it
Appendix B
(normative)
Requirements for the Types and Production of Reference Detergent
B.1 Standard Laundry Detergent (code: SLD)
8% alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (calculated by active matter), 4% polyethoxylated fatty alcohol
(average EO adduct number is 9), 2% sodium ethoxylated alkyl sulfate (2EO, calculated by
active matter), 0.5% triethanolamine, 0.6% trisodium citrate dihydrate and 0.1% preservative,
water allowance. Laboratory preparation method: successively add the various ingredients in a
certain amount of water, meanwhile, stir and dissolve it (if necessary, heat it), and use sodium
hydroxide to adjust the pH of the solution to 8.5 ~ 9.0; supplement water to 100%.
The specifications of the raw materials of the standard laundry detergent are as follows:
a) alkyl benzene sulfonic acid;
b) polyethoxylated fatty alcohol;
c) sodium ethoxylated alkyl sulfate;
d) triethanolamine (Type II in HG/T 3268-2002);
e) trisodium citrate dihydrate (chemically pure);
f) preservative, Casson;
g) water (Grade-3 water in GB/T 6682).
B.2 Phosphate-free standard laundry detergent (code: SLP)
17.4 portions of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (calculated by active matter), 15 portions of 4A
zeolite, 2.5 portions of liquid caustic soda (calculated by sodium hydroxide), 10 portions of
sodium silicate (calculated by active ingredient), 14 portions of sodium carbonate, 0.5 portions
of sodium polyacrylate homopolymer (calculated by active matter) and 40.5 portions of sodium
sulfate. Laboratory preparation method: stir and neutralize alkyl benzene sulfonic acid and
liquid caustic soda; in a water bath at 70 C, while stirring, add sodium silicate, sodium
polyacrylate homopolymer, 4A zeolite, sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate; after addling all
of them, continue to stir for 10 min. Dry the prepared sample in an oven at 105 C 2 C
(moisture is less than or equal to 2.0%), grind it, until all of it passes through a 0.8 mm sieve;
bottle it and reserve it for later use. Factory batch method: adopt the same feeding sequence and
ratio as the laboratory preparation method, and the conventional high-tower powder spraying
process in the production and packaging (moisture is not greater than 2.0%).
The specifications of the raw materials of the standard laundry detergent are as follows:
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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