GB 50016-2014 PDF in English
GB 50016-2014 (GB50016-2014) PDF English
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB 50016-2014 | English | 195 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
[2018 Edition] Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings [Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention]
| Obsolete |
Standards related to: GB 50016-2014
PDF Preview
GB 50016-2014: PDF in English GB 50016-2014 (2018 Edition)
UDC
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P GB 50016-2014
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings
(2018 Edition)
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 27, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 1, 2015
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the
People's Republic of China;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 7
1 General Provisions ... 14
2 Terminologies and Symbols ... 16
2.1 Terminologies ... 16
2.2 Symbols ... 19
3 Factory‐buildings and Storages ... 20
3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards ... 20
3.2 Fire Resistance Class of Factory-buildings and Storages ... 22
3.3 Storeys, Occupied Area and Plane Arrangement of Factory-buildings and
Storages ... 26
3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory-buildings ... 34
3.5 Fire Separation Distance of Storages ... 41
3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory-buildings and Storages ... 44
3.7 Safe Evacuation of Factory-buildings ... 47
3.8 Safe Evacuation of Storages ... 49
4 Class A, B, C Liquid and Gas Tanks (Tank
Farm) and Stackyard for Combustibles . 51
4.1 General Requirements ... 51
4.2 Fire Separation Distance of Class A, B, C Liquid Tanks (Tank Farm) ... 51
4.3 Fire Separation Distance of Combustible and Combustion-supporting Gas
Tanks (Tank Farm) ... 56
4.4 Fire Separation Distance of LPG Tanks (Tank Farm) ... 63
4.5 Fire Separation Distance of Stackyard for Combustibles ... 65
5 Civil Buildings ... 69
5.1 Classification and Fire Resistance Class ... 69
5.2 General Layout ... 72
5.3 Fire Compartment and Storeys ... 75
5.4 Plane Arrangement ... 79
5.5 Safe Evacuation and Refuge ... 88
6 Building Construction ... 104
6.1 Fire Wall ... 104
6.2 Building Elements and Pipe Shafts ... 105
6.3 Roof, Blind Ceiling and Joints ... 108
6.4 Evacuation Staircases and Stairs ... 109
6.5 Fire Door, Window and Fire Roller Shutter ... 115
6.6 Overpass, Trestle and Pipe Trench ... 117
6.7 Building Insulation and Exterior Wall Finish System ... 117
7 Fire Fighting and Rescue Facilities ... 121
7.1 Fire Lane ... 121
7.2 Field for Fire Fighting ... 123
7.3 Fire Elevator ... 124
7.4 Helicopter Landing Pad ... 126
8 Arrangement of Fire‐fighting Facilities ... 127
8.1 General Requirements ... 127
8.2 Indoor Fire Hydrant System ... 129
8.3 Automatic Fire Extinguishing System ... 130
8.4 Fire Alarm System ... 136
8.5 Smoke Control and Smoke Exhaust System ... 138
9 Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning ... 140
9.1 General Requirements ... 140
9.2 Heating ... 140
9.3 Ventilating and Air Conditioning ... 141
10 Electric System ... 146
10.1 Fire Power Supply and Distribution ... 146
10.2 Power Line and Electric Equipment ... 148
10.3 Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indicating Sign ... 150
11 Timber Buildings ... 153
12 City Road Tunnel ... 159
12.1 General Requirements ... 159
12.2 Fire Water Supply and Fire Extinguishing Equipment ... 161
12.3 Ventilating and Smoke Exhaust System ... 163
12.4 Fire Alarm System ... 164
12.5 Power Supply and Other Requirements ... 165
Appendix A ‐‐ Calculation Method of Building Height and Storeys ... 166
Appendix B ‐‐ Calculation Method of Fire Separation Distance ... 168
Appendix C ‐‐ Temperature‐rise Curve for Fire Resistance Rating Test and
Performance Criteria of Load‐bearing Structure in Tunnel ... 169
Explanation of Wording in This Code ... 170
List of Quoted Standards ... 171
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to preventing fire accidents in buildings,
reducing fire hazards and protecting personal and property safety.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the following constructed, renovated and extended
buildings:
1 Factory-buildings;
2 Storages;
3 Civil buildings;
4 Class A, B, C liquid tanks (tank farm);
5 Combustible and combustion-supporting gas tanks (tank farm);
6 Stackyard for combustibles;
7 City road tunnels.
If special national standards are available, the fire protection design of buildings for
civil air defense engineering, petroleum and natural gas engineering, petrochemical
engineering, thermal power plants and substations should comply with such
standards.
1.0.3 This code is not applicable to the fire protection design of buildings such as
factory-buildings (storages) for gunpowder, explosive and their products as well as
fireworks and firecrackers.
1.0.4 Where occupancies for different purposes are arranged in the same building,
fire separation shall be provided between them. The fire protection design for this
building and their functional occupancies shall be determined according to the
relevant requirements of this code.
1.0.5 The fire protection design of buildings shall comply with the relevant national
principles and policies, and guarantee, on the whole, safety and usability, advanced
technology as well as economy and rationality according to the characteristics of
buildings and fire hazards in them.
1.0.6 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, the buildings with height
2 Terminologies and Symbols
2.1 Terminologies
2.1.1 High-rise building
The residential buildings with height larger than 27m and the non-single-storey
factory-buildings, storages and other civil buildings with height larger than 24m.
Note: The calculation of building height shall meet those specified in Appendix A of this code.
2.1.2 Podium
The ancillary building with height not larger than 24m, which is beyond the projection
of the main body of high-rise building but is connected with the main body.
2.1.3 Important public building
The public building which may cause heavy casualties, property loss and severe
social impact in case of fire.
2.1.4 Commercial facilities
Small business houses such as stores, post offices, savings banks, barbershops
located on the first floor or on the first floor and second floor of residential buildings,
with the building area of each separated unit not larger than 300m2.
2.1.5 High rack storage
Mechanical or automatic rack storage, with rack height larger than 7m.
2.1.6 Semi-basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor
design ground for 1/3~1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
2.1.7 Basement
A floor of a building, with the average height of the room ground below the outdoor
design ground greater than 1/2 of the average clear height of such room.
2.1.8 Open flame location
leading to the front room and staircase of fire doors, for preventing fire smoke and
heat from entering into it.
2.1.17 Exit passageway
Passageway which is taken with smoke-proof measures and is also set with fire
partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h on both sides for people to
go to outside safely.
2.1.18 Flash point
The lowest temperature (determined by closed cup method) of combustible liquid or
solid where the mixture of vapor on their surface and air can flashover once meeting
ignition source under specified test conditions.
2.1.19 Lower explosion limit
The minimum concentration where the mixture of combustible vapor, gas or dust with
air can explode once meeting ignition source.
2.1.20 Boil-over oil
Water-contained oil products which can produce heat wave during combustion.
2.1.21 Fire separation distance
A spacing distance for preventing a burning building from igniting its adjacent
buildings within certain time and facilitating fire control.
Note: The calculation method for fire separation distance shall meet those specified in
Appendix B of this code.
2.1.22 Fire compartment
Partial space in a building, separated by fire wall, floor slab and other fire separation
facilities and capable of preventing fire from spreading to the rest parts of the building
within certain time.
2.1.23 Full water spout
A jet length from hose nozzle to a position where water spout equal to 90% of the jet
flow passes through a round hole in diameter of 380mm.
3 Factory-buildings and Storages
3.1 Classification of Fire Hazards
3.1.1 Fire hazards of production shall be classified according to such factors as the
properties and quantity of substances used or generated during production, may be
classified into Categories A, B, C, D and E, and shall be in accordance with those
specified in Table 3.1.1.
Table 3.1.1 -- Classification of Fire Hazards of Production
Fire hazard
category of
production
Fire hazard characteristics of production using or generating the following substances
1. Liquid with flash point less than 28 ;
2. Gas with lower explosion limit less than 10%;
3. Substances being capable of spontaneous decomposition at normal temperature
or being capable of rapid spontaneous ignition or explosion after getting oxidized in
the air;
4. Substances being capable of generating combustible gas and causing combustion
or explosion at normal temperature under the action of water or the water vapor in the
air;
5. Strong oxidizer which is apt to cause combustion or explosion in case of acid, heat,
impact, friction, catalysis as well as such flammable inorganic substances as organic
substance or sulfur;
6. Substances which can cause combustion or explosion in case of impact, friction or
being exposed to oxidizer and organic substances;
7. Production where the operating temperature inside the enclosed equipment is not
less than the spontaneous ignition temperature of the substance
1. Liquid with flash point not less than 28 but less than 60 ;
2. Gas with lower explosion limit not less than 10%;
3. Oxidizer not belonging to Category A;
4. Flammable solid not belonging to Category A;
5. Combustion-supporting gas;
6. Floating dust and fiber which can form explosive mixture together with air, and
liquid fog drop with flash point not less than 60
C 1. Liquid with flash point not less than 60 ; 2. Combustible solid
1. Production where non-combustible substance is processed, with strong radiant
heat, spark or flame frequently generated at high temperature or molten state;
2. Various production where gas, liquid and solid are used as fuel or gas and liquid
are combusted for other purpose;
Load bearing wall Non-combustible 3.00
Non-combustible
2.50
Non-combustible
2.00
Difficult-combustible
0.50
Walls of staircase
and front room
Walls of elevator
shaft
Non-combustible
2.00
Non-combustible
2.00
Non-combustible
1.50
Difficult-combustible
0.50
Partition walls on
both sides of
evacuation
passageway
Non-combustible
1.00
Non-combustible
1.00
Non-combustible
0.50
Difficult-combustible
0.25
Non-load-bearing
exterior wall
Partition wall
between rooms
Non-combustible
0.75
Non-combustible
0.50
Difficult-combustible
0.50
Difficult-combustible
0.25
Column Non-combustible 3.00
Non-combustible
2.50
Non-combustible
2.00
Difficult-combustible
0.50
Beam Non-combustible 2.00
Non-combustible
1.50
Non-combustible
1.00
Difficult-combustible
0.50
Floor slab Non-combustible 1.50
Non-combustible
1.00
Non-combustible
0.75
Difficult-combustible
0.50
Roof load-bearing
elements
Non-combustible
1.50
Non-combustible
1.00
Difficult-combustible
0.50 Combustible
Evacuation stairs Non-combustible 1.50
Non-combustible
1.00
Non-combustible
0.75 Combustible
Suspended ceiling
(including ceiling joist)
Non-combustible
0.25
Difficult-combustible
0.25
Difficult-combustible
0.15 Combustible
Note: As for the suspended ceiling made of non-combustible materials in buildings with Class
II fire resistance, its fire resistance rating is not limited.
3.2.2 The fire resistance class of high-rise factory-buildings and Categories A
and B factory-buildings shall not be less than Class II, and that of independent
Categories A and B single-storey factory-buildings with building area not
greater than 300m2 may adopt Class III.
3.2.3 The fire resistance class of single-/multi-storey Category C
factory-buildings and multi-storey Categories D and E factory-buildings shall
not be less than Class III.
As for the factory-buildings using or generating Class C liquids and the
Category D factory-buildings with spark, red hot surface and open flame, the
fire resistance class shall not be less than Class II. As for single-storey
Category C factory-buildings with building area not greater than 500m2 and
3.2.12 Except Categories A and B storages and high-rise storages, if the
non-load-bearing exterior walls of buildings with Class I or II fire resistance adopt
non-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating shall not be less than 0.25h; if
they adopt difficult-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating shall not be less
than 0.50h.
As for the 4-storey or less Categories D and E over-ground factory-buildings (storages)
with Class I or II fire resistance, if their non-load-bearing exterior walls adopt
non-combustible wall body, their fire resistance rating is not limited.
3.2.13 As for factory-buildings (storages) with Class II fire resistance, if the partition
wall between rooms in them adopt difficult-combustible wall body, the fire resistance
rating shall be increased by 0.25h.
3.2.14 As for the prestressed reinforced concrete floor slabs in multi-storey
factory-buildings with Class II fire resistance, the fire resistance rating shall not be
lower than 0.75h.
3.2.15 As for the accessible flat roof of factory-buildings (storages) with Class
I or II fire resistance, the fire resistance rating of the roof slab shall not be less
than 1.50h and 1.00h respectively.
3.2.16 The roof slab of factory-buildings (storages) with Class I or II fire resistance
shall be made of non-combustible materials.
The roof waterproof layer should adopt non-combustible or difficult-combustible
materials. If combustible waterproof materials are adopted and laid over combustible
or difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials, the waterproof materials or the
combustible/difficult-combustible thermal insulation materials shall be protected with
non-combustible materials.
3.2.17 If it is necessary to adopt metal sandwich panels as the non-load-bearing
exterior wall, partition walls between rooms and roof slab in buildings, the core
material shall be non-combustible and its fire resistance rating shall meet the relevant
requirements of this code.
3.2.18 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire resistance class of such
factory-buildings (storages) with load-bearing wooden columns and with walls made
of non-combustible materials may be determined as Class IV.
3.2.19 Proper fire protection measures shall be taken at the exposed joint positions
of precast reinforced concrete elements, and the fire resistance rating of joints shall
not be less than that of corresponding elements.
values stated in this table and it is indeed difficult to build fire wall, fire roller
shutter or water curtain for fire compartment may be adopted instead. If fire roller
shutter is adopted, it shall meet the requirements of 6.5.3 in this code; if water
curtain for fire compartment is adopted, it shall meet the requirements of the
current national standard "Code of Design for Sprinkler Systems" (GB 50084).
2 As for the multi-storey textile factory-buildings with Class I fire resistance and
single-/multi-storey textile factory-buildings with Class II fire resistance other
than the bast fiber factory-buildings, the maximum permissible building area of
each fire compartment may be increased by 0.5 times according to those
specified in this table. However, the raw cotton unpacking and blowing rooms
shall be separated from other parts in the factory-buildings with fire partition
walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h; if it is required to set doors,
windows or openings, Class A fire doors and windows shall be installed.
3 As for the single-/multi-storey combined paper factory-buildings with Class I or II
fire resistance, the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment
may be increased by 1.5 times according to those specified in this table. As for
the combined wet paper factory-buildings with Class I or II fire resistance, if
automatic fire extinguishing system is set in the dryer hood of paper machine
and effective fire extinguishing facilities are set at the finished section for the
purpose of fire protection, the maximum permissible building area of each fire
compartment may be determined according to the process requirements.
4 As for the operation tower of cereal silo with Class I or II fire resistance, if the
number of workers at each storey does not exceed 2, the number of storeys is
not limited.
5 The production rooms in combined cigarette factory-buildings with Class I or II
fire resistance, like rooms for raw material, stock, grouping formulation, silk
reeling, silk storing and rolling package, auxiliary material turnover, temporary
storage of finished products, and tobacco shred expansion by carbon dioxide,
shall be divided into independent fire separation units, and may be separated by
fire walls when the process conditions permit. Thereinto, the silk reeling, silk
storing and rolling package rooms may divided into one fire compartment and
the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be
determined according to the process requirements, but the silk reeling, silk
storing and rolling package rooms shall be separated by fire partition walls and
floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 2.00h and 1.00h respectively.
In addition, proper measures shall be taken at the openings between horizontal
and vertical fire separations in the factory-buildings to prevent fire spreading.
6 As for the operation platform and repair platform in factory-buildings, if the
number of their users is less than 10, the platform area may not be counted into
the building area of local fire compartment.
7 "-" means “not allowed”.
3.3.3 Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in the factory-buildings,
the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment may be increased
by 1.0 time according to those specified in 3.3.1 of this code. Where automatic fire
extinguishing system is arranged in Categories D and E over-ground factory-buildings,
the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment is not limited. Where
local automatic fire extinguishing systems are arranged in the factory-buildings, the
increased area of their fire compartment may be calculated as 1.0 times of this local
area.
Where automatic fire extinguishing system is arranged in the storages (except the fire
compartments in the refrigeration storage), the maximum permissible occupied area
of each storage and the maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment
may be increased by 1.0 time according to those specified in 3.3.2 of this code.
3.3.4 Categories A and B production occupancies (storages) shall not be
arranged underground or semi-underground.
3.3.5 Staff dormitory must not be arranged in the factory-buildings.
Offices and resting rooms shall not be arranged in Categories A and B
factory-buildings; if offices and resting rooms must be adjacent to the
factory-buildings, they shall reach Class II fire resistance at least and blast
walls with fire resistance rating not less than 3.00h shall be used to separate
them from the factory-buildings; in addition, independent safety-exits shall be
arranged.
Where offices and resting rooms are arranged in Category C factory-buildings,
fire partition walls with fire resistance rating not less than 2.50h and floor slab
with fire resistance rating not less than 1.00h shall be used to separate them
from other positions; in addition, at least 1 independent safety-exit shall be
arranged. Where it is needed to arrange interconnected doors on partition wall,
Class B fire doors shall be adopted.
3.3.6 Where intermediate storages are arranged in the factory-buildings, the
following requirements shall be met:
1 Categories A and B intermediate storages shall be arranged adjacent to
external wall, their storage capacity should not exceed the demand for one day
and night;
2 Categories A, B and C intermediate storages shall adopt fire walls and
non-combustible floor slabs with fire resistance rating not less than 1.50 h
1 Where the main functions of the buildings are operations such as sorting and
processing, the fire protection design shall be determined according to the
relevant requirements of factory-buildings in this code, while the fire protection
design of storages shall be determined according to intermediate storages.
2 Where the main function of a building is storage or it is difficult to distinguish the
main function of a building, the fire protection design shall be determined
according to the relevant requirements of storages in this code, however, where
the operating areas such as sorting area adopt fire wall to completely separate
them from storage areas, the fire protection requirements of operating areas
and storage areas may be respectively determined according to the relevant
requirements of factory-buildings and storages in this code. Thereinto, where
the operating areas such as sorting area adopt fire wall to completely separate
them from storage areas, and when the following conditions are met, except
Category C high rack storages of automation control, the maximum permissible
building area of the fire compartments of storage area and the maximum
permissible occupied area of the buildings in storage area may be increased by
3.0 times according to the requirements of Table 3.3.2 (excluding the notes) in
this code;
1) Storing Category C articles except combustible liquid, cotton, linen, silk,
wool and other textiles, foam plastic and other articles, and the building
fire resistance class is not inferior to Class I;
2) Storing Categories D and E articles and the building fire resistance class
is not inferior to Class II;
3) Automatic water fire extinguishing systems and fire alarm systems are
arranged in the whole building.
3.3.11 Railway line shall not be arranged in Categories A and B
factory-buildings(storages).
As for the Categories C, D and E factory-buildings (storages) with access of steam
locomotive and diesel locomotive, non-combustibles shall be adopted for their roofs or
other fire control measures shall be taken.
3.4 Fire Separation Distance of Factory-buildings
3.4.1 Unless otherwise stated in this code, the fire separation distance
between factory-buildings and between factory-buildings and Categories B, C,
D and E storages shall not be less than those specified in Table 3.4.1, and the
fire separation distance with Category A storage shall meet those specified in
may be determined according to buildings with Class I or II fire resistance.
If Class C liquid tank with the total volume not greater than 15m3 is directly buried
outside the exterior wall of the factory-buildings and the exterior wall within 4.0m from
the tank is fire wall, their fire separation distance is not limited.
3.4.7 As for the same U-shaped or orographic factory-building, the fire separation
distance between two adjacent wings should not be less than those specified in 3.4.1
of this code. However, where the occupied area of the factory-building is less than the
maximum permissible building area of each fire compartment specified in 3.3.1 of this
code, such fire separation distance may be 6m.
3.4.8 Except high-rise factory-buildings and Category A factory-buildings, where the
sum of the occupied area of several factory-buildings of other categories is less than
the maximum permissible building area of fire compartment specified in 3.3.1 of this
code (the maximum permissible building area of fire compartment is subject to the
smaller one, but shall not be greater than 10,000m2 if it is not limited), they can be
arranged by group. Where the height of factory-buildings is not greater than 7m, the
fire separation distance between factory-buildings in a group shall not be less than 4m;
where the height of factory-buildings is greater than 7m, the fire separation distance
between factory-buildings in a group shall not be less than 6m.
The fire separation distance between groups or between group and adjacent buildings
shall be subject to the one with inferior fire resistance class and shall be determined
according to those specified in 3.4.1 of this code.
3.4.9 Class I oil filling station, Class I gas filling station and Class I oil & gas
filling station shall not be arranged in urban built-up area.
3.4.10 As for the classification of oil filling station, gas filling station and oil & gas
filling station, the fire separation distance from oil filling station, gas filling station, oil &
gas filling station as well as their oil (gas) dispenser, oil (gas) tank to off-station open
flame location, sparking site, building, railway or road, and between in-station
buildings or facilities, they shall meet the requirements of the current national
standard "Code for Design and Construction of Automobile Gasoline and Gas Filling
Station" (GB 50156).
3.4.11 As for the outdoor power transformation and distribution stations with the
voltage of electric power system between 35kV~500kV and the capacity of each
transformer not less than 10MVꞏA, as well as the outdoor stepdown substations with
the total oil mass of transformers of industrial enterprises greater than 5t, the fire
separation distance between them and other buildings shall not be less than those
specified in 3.4.1 and 3.5.1 of this code.
between buildings in the cluster is not subject to this table.
2 The stored quantity of each independent silo in the grain squat silo cluster shall not be
greater than 10,000t.
3.5.5 The spacing between the fence of the storage area and the buildings in the
storage area should not be less than 5m. The spacing between buildings on both
sides of the fence shall meet the fire separation distance requirements for appropriate
buildings.
3.6 Explosion Prevention of Factory-buildings and Storages
3.6.1 The Categories A and B factory-buildings with explosive risk should be
arranged independently and should be open or semi-open. In addition, reinforced
concrete or steel frame and bent structure should be adopted as their load-bearing
structure.
3.6.2 As for factory-building or any of their positions with explosive risk,
pressure relief facilities shall be arranged.
3.6.3 The pressure relief facilities should adopt light roof slab, light wall,
easy-to-relieve-pressure doors, windows, etc., and materials without generating sharp
fragments in explosion , such as safety glass, shall be adopted.
The pressure relief facilities shall be kept a......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|