GB 3847-2018 PDF in English
GB 3847-2018 (GB3847-2018) PDF English
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Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel vehicles under free acceleration and lugdown cycle
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Limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke from C.I.E (Compression Ignition Engine) and vehicle equipped with C.I.E.
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Standards related to (historical): GB 3847-2018
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GB 3847-2018: PDF in English GB 3847-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS
Replacing GB 3847-2005, HJ/T 241-2005
Limits and measurement methods for
emissions from diesel vehicles under
free acceleration and lugdown cycle
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 27, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2019
Issued by: Ministry of Ecology and Environment;
State Market Regulatory Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Inspection items ... 10
5 Inspection process and requirements ... 11
6 Appearance inspection ... 14
7 Inspection of on-board diagnostic system (OBD) ... 15
8 Testing of emission pollutants ... 16
9 Requirements for data recording, storage, submission ... 18
10 Emission monitoring of in-use vehicles ... 19
11 Implementation of standards ... 20
Appendix A (Normative) Free acceleration method ... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Lugdown method ... 25
Appendix BA (Informative) Pre-inspection requirements of lugdown test for
vehicles... 49
Appendix BB (Normative) Test equipment technical requirements ... 52
Appendix C (Normative) Characteristics and installation requirements for
opacity meter ... 60
Appendix D (Normative) Ringelmann smoke method ... 67
Appendix E (Normative) Inspection procedure of on-board diagnostic (OBD)
system ... 74
Appendix EA (Normative) Technical requirements for OBD diagnostic
instrument ... 78
Appendix EB (Normative) OBD inspection data item ... 81
Appendix F (Normative) Inspection report ... 83
Appendix G (Normative) Reporting data items in real time ... 91
Limits and measurement methods for
emissions from diesel vehicles under
free acceleration and lugdown cycle
1 Scope
This standard specifies the limits and measurement methods for emissions
from diesel vehicles under free acceleration and lugdown cycle, as well as the
method and judgment basis of appearance inspection and OBD inspection of
diesel vehicle.
This standard is applicable to the inspection for new produced vehicle at end of
production line, inspection for register vehicle, inspection for in-use vehicle.
This standard also applies to other vehicles equipped with compression ignition
engines.
This standard does not apply to low-speed trucks and three-wheeled vehicles.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the following documents or their terms.
For undated references, the valid versions are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 5181-2001 Automotive emission - Terms and definitions
GB 7258 Safety specifications for power-driven vehicles operating on roads
GB 17691 Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from
compression ignition and gas fueled positive ignition engines of vehicles
GB 17691-2018 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel
fueled heavy-duty vehicles (CHINA VI)
GB/T 17692 Measurement methods of net power for automotive engines
GB 18352 Limits and measurement methods for emissions of pollutants from
light-duty vehicles
GB 19147 Automobile diesel fuels
Refers to the actually measured value of the output power of the drive wheel
when the vehicle is running on the chassis dynamometer.
3.7
Maximum wheel power (MaxHP)
The maximum value of the wheel power as measured according to the
measurement method as specified in this standard.
3.8
Optical absorption coefficient (k)
A coefficient which indicates the attenuation of the light beam by the unit
length, which is the multiplying product of the number of particles n per unit
volume, the average projected area a of the particles, the extinction
coefficient Q of the particles.
3.9
Ringelmann blackness
A soot concentration representation method as obtained by comparing the
emission pollutant's color with the Ringelmann concentration map, which is
divided into 0 ~ 5 levels. There are six types of corresponding Ringelmann
concentration maps, wherein the level 0 is all white, level 1 is 20% blackness,
level 2 is 40% blackness, level 3 is 60% blackness, level 4 is 80% blackness,
level 5 is total black.
3.10
Nitrogen oxide, NOx
Refers to nitrogen oxides emitted from the exhaust pipe, including nitrogen
monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
3.11
Engine maximum speed (MaxRPM)
In the test as specified in this standard, the maximum engine speed as
measured when the accelerator pedal is in the fully open position.
3.12
Actual velocity of maximum wheel power (VelMaxHP)
Refers to the drum line speed at the maximum wheel power as actually
inspection for in-use vehicles, supervisory sampling inspections, inspections
of in-use vehicles prior to the registration and transfer registration.
3.19
Supervision test
Refers to the sampling inspection of new produced vehicles before exit-
factory, as well as the sampling inspection of the in-use vehicles centralized
parking lots, maintenance sites and roads.
3.20
On-board diagnostic OBD system (OBD system)
Refers to the computer information system installed on the vehicle and
engine. It belongs to the pollution control device and shall have the following
functions:
a) Diagnose faults that affect emissions performance;
b) Display the faults through alarm system;
c) Use the information as stored in the memory of the electronic control unit
to determine the possible fault areas and provide offline communication of
information.
3.21
Environmental information identification document VEID
Refers to the environmental information identification documents as
specified in the “Announcement on the Publicity of Environmental Protection
Information for Motor Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery” (GHGDQ
[2016] No.3), including the enterprise’s declaration for compliance with the
emission standards and stages of the vehicle, the basic vehicle information,
the environmental inspection information, the information of pollution control
device.
4 Inspection items
4.1 Vehicle environmental inspection items are as shown in Table 1.
4.2 The entry inspection of the new produced imported vehicles shall be carried
out in accordance with the inspection items as specified in Table 1. It shall also
comply with other standards and regulations.
6.2.2 Check whether the vehicle's pollution control device and the engine are
consistent with the vehicle environmental identification document.
6.3 In-use vehicle
6.3.1 Check whether the condition of the vehicle under inspection is normal. If
there is any abnormality, it shall request the owner to carry out maintenance.
6.3.2 Check whether the vehicle has burning engine oil or serious black smoke.
If it is, it shall request the owner to carry out maintenance.
6.3.3 Check whether the appearance of the engine's exhaust pipe, exhaust
muffler, exhaust aftertreatment device as well as the installation and fastening
parts are in good condition. If there is corrosion, air leakage, damage or
looseness, it shall request the owner to carry out maintenance.
6.3.4 Check whether the vehicle is equipped with an OBD system.
6.3.5 Determine whether the vehicle is suitable for lugdown testing. If it is not
suitable (for example, full-time four-wheel drive and timely four-wheel drive that
cannot manually switch between two-drive drive mode), it shall be marked.
When carrying out the lugdown testing, it shall confirm that there is no foreign
matter on the surface of the tire of the vehicle.
6.3.6 During the inspection of the change registration and transfer registration,
it shall check whether the pollution control device is in good condition.
7 Inspection of on-board diagnostic system (OBD)
7.1 Offline of new produced vehicles
The automobile manufacturer shall check the OBD system's communication of
each vehicle, to confirm that the OBD system's communication is normal before
exit-factory.
7.2 Registration
Check whether the vehicle has set the OBD interface according to the
requirements, whether the OBD communication is normal, whether there is a
fault code.
7.3 In-use vehicle
7.3.1 For in-use vehicles which are equipped with an OBD system, after
finishing the appearance inspection, it shall carry out the OBD inspection. In the
course of inspection of emission pollutants, it shall not disconnect the OBD
diagnostic instrument.
report format is as shown in Appendix F of this standard.
8.2.5 [translator's note: should be 8.2.6] It is forbidden to use a failure strategy
that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control device. All tampering for
pollution control devices will lead to unqualified emission test.
9 Requirements for data recording, storage,
submission
9.1 It shall use the computer system to automatically detect, record, transmit,
save, judge the OBD inspection (if applicable) and emission pollutant testing
information. Meanwhile it shall use the computer system to record and save the
appearance inspection information. It shall automatically save the results of the
instrument inspection and verification (including calibration) as required by the
standard in the computer, to facilitate the inquiry by the competent authorities
of the ecological environment. The recorded and saved content shall include at
least the contents as listed in Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix E, Appendix
G.
If the pollutant testing results are negative or zero, it shall be recorded and
reported as “undetected”.
9.2 The inspection agency shall transmit inspection information to the
competent department of ecological environment in real time.
9.3 The competent department of ecological environment at a lower level shall,
in accordance with the provisions of Appendix F and Appendix G, report the
inspection information to the competent department of ecological environment
at a higher level in real time or at specified period.
9.4 The retention period of paper archives of inspection reports shall be not less
than 6 years. The retention period of electronic archives shall be not less than
10 years.
9.5 In the inspection (including OBD inspection and visual inspection), if a
vehicle with a certain model is found to have emission which excessively
exceeds limit, the competent department of ecological environment shall make
a record and obtain evidence, fill out the “Environmental inspection record form
for concentrated over-limit vehicle models” (Appendix F), report to the
competent department of ecological environment of the State Council. At the
same time, it shall report the recorded information to the competent department
of ecological environment at the higher level and the relevant departments of
public security traffic management and market supervision at the same level.
9.6 The inspection for the new produced vehicles at end of production line shall
When using the free acceleration method to carry out supervision test of the
vehicle, it may use 1.1 times the limit values as specified in this standard for
judgement.
10.3 In the course of registration inspection, it shall carry out appearance
inspection, OBD inspection, emission pollutant testing. The environmental
inspection of the vehicles of registration change or transfer shall follow the
requirements of local government. However, it shall be subject to at least the
inspection of the pollutant control device and the OBD inspection (if applicable).
10.4 For vehicles that are equipped with remote emission management on-
board terminals and report relevant emission data to the competent authority of
ecological environment in real time as required, the provincial competent
authority of ecological environment may exempt the online environmental
inspection according to the data submission conditions.
11 Implementation of standards
11.1 This standard has been implemented since May 1, 2019. The regular
environmental inspection of vehicles as carried out nationwide shall be
conducted by the lugdown method as specified in this standard. For vehicles
that cannot be tested by the lugdown method, it may use the free acceleration
method as specified in this standard.
11.1.1 The off-line inspection of new produced vehicles will be implemented
from November 1, 2019.
11.1.2 Registration, OBD inspection and NOx test of in-use vehicles are only
conducted and reported from May 1, 2019, which will be implemented from
November 1, 2019.
11.1.3 For the specific time to implement the limit value b as specified in this
standard nationwide, the competent authority of ecological environment of the
State Council will release it otherwise.
11.2 From the date of implementation of this standard, the existing relevant
local emission inspection standards shall be abolished.
11.3 For the implementation of this standard, the competent department of
ecological environment under the State Council is responsible for its
supervision.
vehicles, wait at least 10 seconds after releasing the accelerator pedal.
A.4.3 When performing free acceleration measurement, it must, within 1
second, continuously step the accelerator pedal down to the final position, to
allow the fuel supply system to reach the maximum fuel supply within the
shortest time.
A.4.4 For each free acceleration measurement, before releasing the
accelerator pedal, the engine must reach the fuel cut speed. For vehicles which
use the automatic transmissions, it shall reach the rated engine speed (if it
cannot reach this speed, it shall not be less than 2/3 of the rated speed).
During the measurement process, it shall monitor whether the engine speed
inspection meets the test requirements (except for vehicles the engine speed
of which cannot be measured). Meanwhile it shall record the engine speed data
in time and report it.
A.4.5 Test result takes the arithmetic mean of the last three measurement
results of free acceleration blackness.
A.5 Detection software
A.5.1 The detection system software shall be able to transmit, store and judge
data with the computer, automatically print the inspection report, have the
function of networking and automatic reporting.
A.5.1.1 The detection software shall have at least the following functions:
automatically judge whether the vehicle's emission test result is qualified;
automatically store the test data and ensure that it cannot be artificially falsified;
the system shall perform self-test before each test; if the test condition is not
met and the normal detection is affected, the system shall be able to alarm and
self-lock, until the detection conditions restore to normal.
A.5.2 The detection software shall automatically record at least the following
items.
A.5.2.1 Vehicle parameters
- Vehicle identification code (or VIN number) and engine number;
- Testing station and testing personnel's number;
- Testing report number;
- Testing date and time;
- Name, address, phone number of the vehicle owner;
Appendix B
(Normative)
Lugdown method
B.1 Overview
This Appendix specifies the technical requirements for the test procedures, test
equipment, detection software, equipment inspection of the lugdown method.
B.2 Test method
B.2.1 Vehicle preparation
B.2.1.1 Requirements for vehicles and engines
Before the test, it shall check the technical condition of the vehicle, to determine
whether the vehicle to be inspected can be subject to the subsequent emission
testing. For the pre-inspection requirements of the vehicle, see Appendix BA.
Place the vehicle to be inspected on the chassis dynamometer. Follow the
specified lugdown testing procedure, to test the maximum wheel power and the
corresponding engine speed and actual velocity of maximum wheel power
(VelMaxHP), emission optical absorption coefficient k at the VelMaxHP point
and the 80% and VelMaxHP point, as well as the nitrogen oxides at the 80%
VelMaxHP point. The emission optical absorption coefficient shall be tested by
the use of shunting type opacity meter.
The measured result of wheel power after correction during the lugdown
process shall not be lower than 40% of the engine rated power as specified by
the manufacturer, otherwise the test result is unqualified.
B.2.1.2 Test fuel
The vehicle to be tested shall use commercially available vehicle diesel oil in
accordance with national standards. During actual test, it shall not replace the
fuel in the fuel tank.
B.2.1.3 Vehicle's pre-inspection requirements
When carrying out inspection according to the Appendix BA, if the conditions of
the vehicle under inspection is found to be too bad and not suitable for the
lugdown test, the vehicle shall be maintained before being tested.
Vehicles that cannot be tested by the lugdown method, such as compact multi-
drive axle vehicles or full-time four-wheel drive vehicles, may be tested by the
free acceleration method. For the in-use vehicles which are equipped with
If necessary, it may use the method for testing the mass of the drive axle to
judge whether the chassis dynamometer can withstand the mass of the drive
axle of the vehicle under testing.
B.2.2.1.2.4 In the preparation of testing, it shall pay special attention to the
following:
B.2.2.1.2.4.1 For non-full-time four-wheel drive vehicles, it shall select the
driving mode according to the type of driving of the vehicle;
B.2.2.1.2.4.2 For vehicles with compact multi-drive axles, or full-time four-wheel
drive vehicles, it shall not carry out the lugdown test. It shall carry out the free
acceleration emission testing.
B.2.2.1.2.5 The Appendix BA describes in detail the pre-inspection
requirements for the vehicle. If the pre-inspection is unqualified or there is a
faulty vehicle, the testing can only be carried out after the maintenance is
qualified.
B.2.2.2 Inspection of testing system
B.2.2.2.1 The purpose of the inspection of testing system is to determine
whether the chassis dynamometer can meet the power requirements of the
vehicle to be tested and to check whether the working state of the testing
system is normal.
B.2.2.2.2 If the vehicle to be tested passes the pre-inspection procedure as
specified in B.2.2.1, the tester shall drive the vehicle to be tested onto the
chassis dynamometer as follows:
a) Lift the lift plate of the dynamometer and check whether the drum is
securely locked.
b) Carefully drive the vehicle onto the chassis dynamometer and place the
drive wheel in the center of the drum.
Caution: Unless otherwise the dynamometer allows for two-way operation,
it must drive along the direction as specified for the dynamometer.
Otherwise, it may damage the chassis dynamometer. When the drive
wheel is above the drum surface, it is prohibited to use the reverse gear.
c) Lower the lift plate of dynamometer down, release the drum brake. After
the lift plate is completely lowered down, slowly drive the tested vehicle to
allow its wheel to completely coincide with the test drum.
d) Lightly step on the brake pedal to stop the wheel and turn off the engine.
e) Follow the recommendations of the dynamometer manufacturer to wedge
the dynamometer being loaded, so that the transmission components of the
vehicle reach the normal working temperature.
B.2.3.1.4 [translator's note: should be B.2.3.1.5] Turn off the engine. Place the
transmission at neutral position. Place the sampling probe of the opacity meter
in the atmosphere, check the zero scale and full scale of the opacity meter. After
the inspection is completed, insert the sampling probe into the exhaust pipe of
the vehicle to be tested. Be careful to connect the opacity meter. The insertion
depth of the sampling probe shall not be less than 400 mm. It shall not use the
sampling probes that are too large, to avoid excessive influence on the exhaust
back pressure of the vehicle under test, thereby affecting the output power.
During the testing process, it shall control the temperature and pressure of the
sample gas within the specified range. If necessary, the sampling tube may be
properly cooled, but care must be taken not to cause condensation in the
measurement chamber.
B.2.3.2 Test procedure
B.2.3.2.1 Before the formal testing begins, the tester shall follow the steps
below, to enable the control system to obtain the initial data required for
automatic testing:
a) Turn on the engine. Set the transmission to neutral position. Gradually
increase the accelerator pedal's opening until it reaches the maximum.
Keep it at the maximum opening state. Record the maximum engine
speed at this time. Then release the accelerator pedal, to return the engine
to the idle state.
b) Use the forward gear to drive the vehicle to be tested. Select the
appropriate gear position. When the accelerator pedal is in the fully open
position, the speed indicated by the dynamometer is closest to 70 km/h,
but not more than 100 km/h. For vehicles equipped with automatic
transmissions, care shall be taken not to measure under overspeed gear.
The automatic test procedure for lugdown is as detailed in B.4.
B.2.3.2.2 The computer automatically analyzes the data obtained according to
the above steps, to determine whether the subsequent testing can be continued.
The vehicle as determined to be unsuitable for testing is not allowed to perform
the lugdown testing.
B.2.3.2.3 After confirming that the motor vehicle can perform the emission
testing, switch the chassis dynamometer to the automatic testing state.
a) The process of lugdown test must be fully automated. The specific
requirements are as shown in the test software description in B.4.
Throughout the testing cycle, the computer control system automatically
controls the lugdown process of the dynamometer.
dynamometer and park it at the designated location after obtaining a clear
departure instruction.
B.3 Test equipment
B.3.1 Composition of test equipment
The test equipment mainly includes a chassis dynamometer, an opacity meter,
a NOx analyzer, an engine speed sensor, which are centrally controlled by a
central control system.
B.3.1.1 Requirements for chassis dynamometer
B.3.1.1.1 Chassis dynamometer is mainly composed of drum, power absorption
unit (PAU), inertia simulation device, etc.
B.3.1.1.2 The dynamometer shall have a fixed permanent sign. The sign shall
indicate the following: dynamometer manufacturer's name, production date,
model number, serial number, dynamometer type, maximum allowable axle
mass, maximum absorbed power/vehicle speed, drum's diameter, drum's width,
basic moment of inertia, power requirements.
B.3.1.2 Chassis dynamometer for the emission test of light-duty vehicle shall
be capable of testing vehicles which have a maximum uniaxial mass of not more
than 2000 kg. The power absorption range of the PAU shall be such that a
vehicle with a maximum total mass of 3500 kg can complete the lugdown test.
When the test vehicle speed is more than or equal to 70 km/h, it can
continuously and stably absorb the power of 56 kW for more than 5 min. When
the time interval is not more than 3 min, it can continuously finish more than 10
absorptions of the power of 56 kW.
B.3.1.3 The chassis dynamometer for the heavy-duty vehicle test shall be
capable of testing vehicles which have a maximum uniaxial mass of not more
than 8000 kg or a maximum total mass of not more than 14000 kg. The power
absorption range of the PAU shall be such that a heavy-duty vehicle which has
a maximum total mass of not more than 14000 kg can complete the lugdown
test. When the test vehicle speed is more than or equal to 70 km/h, it can
continuously and stably absorb the power of 120 kW for more than 5 min. When
the time interval is not more than 3 min, it can continuously finish more than 10
absorptions of the power of 120 kW.
The chassis dynamometer used to test the vehicles which have a maximum
uniaxial mass of 11000 kg shall be capable of testing single-axis drives or multi-
axis drive vehicles which have a wheelbase of 1.17 ~ 1.52 m. Under any setting
conditions of wheelbase, the tolerance of drum's center distance shall not
exceed 1.3 cm. For multi-axis drive vehicles, the drum speeds corresponding
to the front and rear axles shall be matched, or otherwise the maximum speed
testing of light-duty vehicle shall be calculated according to the formula of
B.3.1.5.2. The deviation shall be between -6.5 mm and 12.7 mm. The inner
span and outer span of the drum shall meet the safety requirements of the
working condition test of light-duty vehicle.
B.3.1.5.2 Requirements for the center distance of the drum
Where:
A - Center distance of the drum, mm;
D - Diameter of drum of chassis dynamometer, mm
B.3.1.5.3 The surface of the drum shall ensure that the tire does not slip. The
speed measurement accuracy is stable. It shall minimize the firction and noise
of the tire.
B.3.1.5.4 Chassis dynamometer shall use double-drum or triple-drum structure.
The flywheel is connected with the front drum. The coupling of the front and
rear drums can be mechanical or electric. The speed ratio is 1:1. The
synchronization accuracy is ±0.3 km/h.
B.3.1.6 Other requirements
B.3.1.6.1 The dynamometer shall be equipped with a limit device. The limit
device shall ensure that the horizontal and vertical forces do not significantly
affect the emission result and can achieve safe limit of position under any
reasonable operating conditions of the vehicles, without damaging the vehicle.
B.3.1.6.2 It shall be equipped with a vehicle cooling fan. When the engine's
temperature is too high, it shall start the cooling fan.
B.3.1.6.3 The dynamometer shall have a drum speed measuring device. Within
the vehicle's speed measurement range, the measurement accuracy shall
reach ±0.2 km/h.
B.3.1.6.4 The installation of the dynamometer shall ensure that the tested
vehicle is in a horizontal position (±5°) on the dynamometer. During the test, the
vehicle shall not be subject to vibrations that may hinder the normal operation
of the vehicle.
B.3.1.6.5 It shall be equipped with an automatic acquisition system for
environmental parameters. The accuracy requirements for environmental
parameter measurement are as follows: atmospheric temperature, ±1 °C,
relative humidity, ±3%, atmospheric pressure, ±1.0 kPa.
caused the failure. At the same time, it shall terminate the testing process and
print the testing results “Testing failed: an error occurs in the specified
inspection item …”.
B.4.1.3 If the vehicle passes the pre-inspection, the testing software allows the
subsequent testing to begin.
B.4.1.4 As an option, the software provides the operator with the following
operational wizards:
a) Prompt the tester of the operation items as appeared in the subsequent
testing;
b) Drive the vehicle into the chassis dynamometer; apply safety limit to the
vehicle;
c) Connect the engine’s speed sensor and check whether it is working
properly;
d) Remind the tester not to insert the sample......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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