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HJ 710.11-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. macrofungi
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Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. macrofungi
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 710.11-2014 (HJ710.11-2014) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. macrofungi | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z04 | | Word Count Estimation | 15,132 | | Date of Issue | 10/31/2014 | | Date of Implementation | 1/1/2015 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 7714; GB/T 8170; HJ 623; HJ 628 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | | Summary | This standard specifies the main content of a large fungal diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the observation of large fungal diversity in the range of People's Republic of China. | HJ 710.11-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring. macrofungi---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring.macrofungi
People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards
Observing the technical guide biodiversity Macrofungi
(release
draft)
Issued on.2014-10-31
2015-01-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
i Table of Contents
Preface ..ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions ..1
4 Principle 1 observation
5 Observation Method 2
6 observations contents and index 4
7 observation time and frequency 4
8 Data processing and analysis 4
9 .4 quality control and safety management
Observing Reports prepared ..4 10
Appendix A (informative) Surface plots Macrofungi record table .. 5
Annex B (informative) Musheng Macrofungi plots record table ..6
Annex C (informative) Endangered Macrofungi plots record table ..7
Annex D (informative) Macrofungi specimen collection records identified in Table 8
Annex E (informative) Table 9 Classification of Human Interference
Annex F (informative) Data processing and analysis methods .10
Annex G (informative) Macrofungi observation report writing format ..12
Foreword
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law" to regulate our observations of biodiversity, the development of this standard
quasi.
This standard specifies the main content of a large fungal diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods.
The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G are informative appendix.
This standard is the first release.
This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences.
This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval.
This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation.
The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
1 observation techniques guide biodiversity is Macrofungi
1 Scope
This standard specifies the main content of a large fungal diversity of observation, technical requirements and methods.
This standard applies to the observation of large fungal diversity in the range of People's Republic of China.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated references, the latest edition of
To this standard.
GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules
GB/T 8170 repair value expressed about the rules and limit values and judgment
HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity
HJ 628 genetic resources collection technical specification (Trial)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Fungi fungi
It refers to the line to absorb nutrients, a cell wall, capable of producing spores, without chlorophyll, with sexual or asexual reproduction in two ways eukaryotic organic
body.
3.2
Macrofungi macrofungi
It refers to all capable of forming a visible fruiting bodies of fungi.
3.3
Sclerotinia cup fungi
It refers to the sexual stage of the formation of apothecia Ascomycetes, including most visible Ascomycetes, which ascus fruit cup-shaped,
Disc-shaped, bell-shaped, saddle-shaped, tongue, tripe-like and so on.
3.4
Underground fungus hypogeous fungi
Refers to the whole growth process fruiting bodies of fungi are large below the surface, including some species of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
3.5
Ectomycorrhizal fungi ectomycorrhizal fungi
Refers to the formation of some large woody plant roots ectomycorrhizal fungi symbiotic relationship, the vast majority of Basidiomycetes, a few
Aurantiacus.
4 observations principle
4.1 Scientific Principles
Observation plots and observing the object should be representative, can fully reflect the overall situation of the observation area macrofungi; should
Unified, standardized methods of observation, can observe the dynamic changes Fungal community and species diversity.
4.2 operability principles
Observation program should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, to ensure that practical observations. Cherrie
High-efficiency, low-cost methods of observation.
4.3 principles of sustainability,
Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and is able to biodiversity conservation and management play a guiding
And early warning. Observation plots, transects and quadrats, once established, can not be altered arbitrarily.
24.4 Principle of protection
Macrofungi its formation in which ecosystems, evolution and stability play an important role in breaking any large fungus
To bad behavior will inevitably adversely affect the entire ecosystem. It should be done without damaging the plots in and around large true
Bacteria and other species and their habitats, avoid frequent observation beyond the objective need.
4.5 Security Principles
Observation has certain characteristics of field work. Observers should receive professional training, good protective measures.
5 Methods of Observation
5.1 Observations ready
5.1.1 The formation and training of the observation team
Founded observation team, clear lines of responsibility observer of the observer are trained to master the observer field observation method,
Species identification and knowledge of outdoor survival skills.
5.1.2 gather information
Collection of observational regional climate, geography and vegetation and other natural environmental materials, large master distribution of common fungi and plants and
Identify knowledge, preparing the observation of high resolution topographic map of the area.
5.1.3 observation equipment and instruments
Including long tape measure, stakes, collecting bags, collecting knives, a digital camera, a global positioning system (GPS) locator, altitude
Instrument, observation record form, stylus, mosquito cover, mosquito drugs, Macrofungi identification manuals.
5.2 observation target
Mainly for observation has important economic, ecological and threatened macrofungi. Including edible and have medicinal
Kind of poison, with trees symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi, macrofungi saprophytic degradation of plant residues, as well as some of the parasites on the move
Plants, and other species rely on host nutrition.
5.3 Sample set
5.3.1 representative plot method
In the observation area, select the number of species and locations are more abundant, but its observations can not accurately reflect the entire
Case observation area can not be used for statistical analysis.
5.3.2 Random sampling
The observation area is divided into several plots. Within each plot is divided into a number of fixed area plots and number, and then use
Fisher random number table random sampling, usually without replacement approach. When the plot terrain, to reach the sampling
Point takes longer Macrofungi uneven distribution and other factors will affect the results when using stratified random sampling method.
5.3.3 stratified random sampling method
Stratified according to the type of habitat, climate, altitude, land use type or species richness and other factors.
5.4 Field Sampling
5.4.1 fruiting bodies apparent sampling of terrestrial Macrofungi
5.4.1.1 This method is mainly applied to the sample surface observation apparent large fruiting bodies of fungi.
5.4.1.2 set several transects in the selected sample, the sample is not necessarily a straight line. Transects should cover plots within the main habitats
Types, each habitat type at least two sample lines, each line transect keep at least 50 m from each sample length of 0.5 ~
1 km. Positioning with GPS locator transect start and end coordinates, at 1. 100,000 map marked transect.
5.4.1.3 along transects every 20 m to set a radius 1.26 m, an area of 5 m2 circular plots, so that each habitat type
Up to about 50 the number of type plots. Like square habitats must be homogeneous as possible. With certain signs indicating the location of the plots.
Category 5.4.1.4 statistics selected quadrats large surface fungi, the number of individuals (quadrat record sheet Appendix A). for
3 large unidentifiable species of fungi, which features fresh recording when shooting in situ photos of fruiting bodies, collect a small amount of child
Entity, after the numbers into their respective specimen bag, back to identify and improve the indoor observation records. Sample collection by
HJ 628 predetermined execution.
5.4.1.5 during the sampling plots, plots should also be taken in situ photographs and detailed records of the acquisition date, location, sea
Stubbs, ecological characteristics (such as the Health matrix, surrounding vegetation, symbionts, etc.), collecting persons.
5.4.2 fruiting bodies smaller types of systematic sampling
5.4.2.1 This approach is suitable for the kind of fruiting bodies smaller observation (such as some disk aurantiacus bacteria).
5.4.2.2 sample to sample at least twice a year, usually in the middle and the end of the season occurred fruiting bodies were. Sample collection by
HJ 628 predetermined execution.
5.4.2.3 establish plots nearby close 5.4.1 Large fungus-like party.
5.4.2.4 to 0.56 m radius, the establishment of 1 m2 circular plots to sample surveys can be completed within one week as the standard to determine
The number of samples party.
Category 5.4.2.5 statistics selected smaller entities like Fang Zhongzi fungi, the number of individuals, a small collection of various plots within the class of fungi
Fruiting bodies for identifying species, methods of operation with 5.4.1.4, 5.4.1.5 and press the record information.
5.4.3 Musheng Macrofungi sampling
5.4.3.1 5.4.1.2 set in accordance with the sample line, along transects every 20 m to set a radius 2.52 m, area of 20 m2
Circular plots, each side of the sample quantity of 50 habitat types around.
5.4.3.2 Each quadrats with a colored plastic signs marked and numbered, marked on the map its location. The survey quadrat
Logs (standing and fallen wood) diameter take more than 1 cm.
5.4.3.3 Growth statistics within each quadrat raw wood macrofungi species and number of individuals (see Appendix log table B), and record
Its base was the kind of trees, diameter and length. For large unidentifiable species of fungi, methods of operation with 5.4.1.4, at the same time
Press 5.4.1.5 record relevant information.
5.4.4 Endangered Macrofungi sampling
5.4.4.1 In the selected plots on the land have endangered macrofungi distribution, setting a number of plots of 10 m × 10 m.
5.4.4.2 Statistical plots within individual species and large numbers of endangered fungi (see table records Appendix C). Acquisition of moderate size
Individual fruiting bodies, weighing it for the biomass of the species presumed plots fruiting bodies, or by seeds collected in previous years
Body weight of the sample presumed biomass. Sample collection executed by HJ 628 requirements. 5.4.1.5 Press the record information.
5.5 Preparation of standard products, preservation and identification
5.5.1 Macrofungi sample preparation and preservation
Specimens collected should be used to make separate species or tissue DNA extraction. Specimens with a drying oven at 40 ~ 45 ℃
Timely drying temperature. More moisture and individuals need larger specimens taken when drying, drying cut into thin slices. Drying standard
Under natural conditions this cooling to room temperature, placed in -40 ℃ freezer below freezing, freezing most of the specimens are usually 10 to 15
Day, a larger volume of individual specimens (fruiting bodies such as the maximum diameter or size exceeds 30 cm, or thicker than 5 cm) freezing time
It should be extended to 20 to 30 days. Specimens stored in herbaria and other suitable places after freezing.
Preparation and preservation of tissue for DNA extraction 5.5.2
Select with a scalpel or forceps from the fruiting body color is lighter and more clean and organized, with a clean absorbent paper parcel post,
Placed in sealed bags containing silica gel discoloration drying process. The timely replacement of color gel to obtain a completely dry sample, which Paul
The presence of a small amount of color gel placed inside a ziplock bag, and avoid the hot and humid environment.
Morphological 5.5.3 Large fruiting bodies of fungi
Specimens of macroscopic and microscopic morphology and chemical color reaction was observed and described, under conditions permitting feed
Shooting microscope or drawing the line, referring to reliable identification manual Macrofungi literature and authoritative description, according to the morphological characteristics of large
Fungus fruiting bodies were identified.
5.5.4 Molecular identification of fungal fruiting bodies and large cultures
Specimens obtained by sequencing ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) and large subunit fragment (LSU-rDNA)
4 sequence information and other features of gene fragments, and Genbank database source or observer self-test clear, reliable identification
Macrofungi gene sequences compared to the right, combined with morphological characteristics given specimen correct name.
6 observations contents and index
6.1 Large observations fungal diversity, including species composition, distribution, frequency and so on.
6.2 Macrofungi specific observations, including diversity, distribution patterns of heredity.
6.3 Environmental impact of change on macrofungi observations, including geographical and geomorphological characteristics of plots, the main vegetation types and plant
Species composition, canopy density, temperature, precipitation, air pollution levels, soil type, matrix types and fruiting bodies borne rot
Degree.
7 observation time and frequency
7.1 Macrofungi time of observation should be run through the observation area Macrofungi fruiting body growing season in the northern end of June to September
Month, central and southern subtropical regions from May to October, the southern tropical regions from April to November.
7.2 General growing season from early to late, every two weeks observation 1; Grand Seasons occurred in the fruiting body, observed once a week.
7.3 For some leathery or corky proton formed entity annual species in the early growing season, mid-term and end of each observation
1 time.
7.4 fruiting bodies perennial species observation once at the end of each growing season.
7.5 Due to the occurrence of fruiting bodies interannual differences, while ensuring comparable observations on the basis of observation time and frequency
It can be used for fine-tuning certain times according to the growing season. But observation time and frequency has been determined, the general should remain fixed.
8 Data processing and analysis
Data processing and analysis methods, see Appendix F.
9 quality control and safety management
9.1 in strict accordance with the standards set observation plots, transects and quadrats. Take appropriate measures to protect the good kind, the kind of line
And plots.
9.2 Identification of the preparation Macrofungi manual observation area for the observer to carry out observation knowledge and skills training to enhance the observer's Viewpoint
Measurement capability and level.
9.3 fill out the observation record form, when you need to correct, should be uniform horizontal line in the error data (text), and above it write
Correct content, and stamped on the underlined modified by signature to take responsibility.
9.4 maintain a record of the complete void of reason form attested and stamped signature handling people, shall not be destroyed either form.
Original records and data collation process needs to record and archive filing.
9.5 data review process to establish a comprehensive and detailed review of the accuracy and completeness of the observational data, suspicious, missing number
According to timely remedy. Significant figures calculated according to the provisions of Executive rounding rules GB/T 8170's.
9.6 establish a data backup system, it will convert all observational data and documents into electronic documents and backup (CD-ROM, hard disk).
Every six months to check and update the backup data once, to prevent the problems caused by the loss of data storage media.
9.7 purchase the necessary protective equipment, supplies and emergency medicines, Safety protection against snakes and insect bites, will
When the observer must be vaccinated in advance. In ensuring the safety of the situation before observed, to avoid single job.
Observing Reports prepared 10
Macrofungi observation report should include the introduction, before the observation area, methods of observation, observation area larger fungi species groups
A regional distribution, population dynamics, threats, suggestions and the like. Observation report writing format, see Appendix G.
5 Appendix A
(Informative)
Surface plots Macrofungi record form
Standard surface Macrofungi plots recorded in Table A.
Table A surface Macrofungi plots Record Form
Plot Name. line transect number.
Number plots. Observation Date.
Observer. recorder.
Plots Altitude (m). plots Longitude. Latitude plots.
Quadrat landforms. Aspect plots. plots slope.
Quadrats vegetation. canopy density plots.
The main square of woody plants like.
Like herb main square.
1 week before the weather conditions the maximum temperature. minimum temperature. total rainfall.
Day of sunshine Weather. Temperature. ground temperature.
Plots Type of soil. Soil pH plots. soil moisture plots.
Anthropogenic interference with activity types. Interference intensity.
Remarks.
No. Chinese name Scientific name number of trees number of mature (strain) individual
6 Appendix B
(Informative)
Musheng Macrofungi plots Record Form
Standard Musheng Macrofungi plots recorded in Table B.
Table B Musheng Macrofungi plots Record Form
Plot Name. Sample line number. Number plots.
Observer. recorder.
Observation Date. plots Altitude (m).
Plots Coordinates. Aspect plots.
Landforms plots. plots slope.
Quadrats vegetation. canopy density plots.
Substrates trees Species. □ □ rotten wood living tree Diameter. Length (/ height).
1 week before the weather conditions the maximum temperature. minimum temperature. total rainfall.
Day of sunshine Weather. Temperature. ground temperature.
Anthropogenic interference with activity types. Interference intensity.
Remarks.
No. Chinese name Scientific name number of trees number of mature (strain) individual
7 Appendix C
(Informative)
Endangered Macrofungi plots Record Form
Standard endangered Macrofungi plots recorded in Table C.
Table C endangered Macrofungi plots Record Form
Plot Name. Number plots.
Observer. recorder.
Quadrat area. Observation Date.
Plots Altitude (m). plots Latitude.
Longitude plots. plots Aspect.
Landforms plots. plots slope.
Quadrats vegetation. canopy density plots.
The main square of woody plants like.
Like herb main square.
1 week before the weather conditions the maximum temperature. minimum temperature. total rainfall.
Day of sunshine Weather. Temperature. ground temperature.
Plots Soil type. plots of soil pH. soil moisture plots.
Anthropogenic interference with activity types. Interference intensity.
Remarks.
No. Chinese name Scientific name number of trees number of mature (strain) individual
8 Appendix D
(Informative)
Macrofungi specimen collection Identification Record Form
Standard Macrofungi specimen collection records identified in Table D.
Table D Macrofungi specimen collection Identification Record Form
Likewise name and number. Number plots. sample number.
Gatherers. Acquisition Date.
Chinese name. Name.
Organization block number. Strains isolated ID.
Altitude (m). Longitude. Latitude.
Coniferous forest habitats □ □ □ Mixed broadleaf forest □ □ shrub steppe
Aspect □ □ sunny slope
Substrates □ □ dung on the ground □ □ rotten wood rotten leaf litter □ □ □ underground stumpage
Solitary habits □ □ □ Qun scattered clusters □ □ □ overgrown storeys
Related Botanical Name.
Macroscopic description.
Microscopic characterization.
Chemicals and color reaction. Spore print colors.
Identification based on literature.
Remarks.
Appraiser. Identification Date. The date
9 Appendix E
(Informative)
Anthropogenic interference with activity classification table
Standard jamming activity recorded in Table E.
Table E anthropogenic interference with activity classification table
Type of interference disturbance
A. 1. The development and construction of real estate development; divided into strong, medium and weak, no four grades.
□ Strong. habitat was severely disrupted; substantially eliminate vegetation
Loss; wildlife habitat is difficult to reproduce.
□ in. habitat disturbance; partial disappearance of vegetation,
But the interference disappears, can still restore vegetation; wild animals
Breeding habitat was affected to some extent, but still
You can breeding habitat.
□ Weak. habitat subject to certain disturbances; vegetation basic insurance
Hold as; wildlife breeding habitat has little effect.
□ No. undisturbed habitat; maintain the original vegetation
Initial state; no effect on wildlife breeding habitat.
2. The road construction;
3. The railway construction;
4. The development of mineral resources (including quarrying, dredging, etc.);
5. tourism development;
6. pipelines, wind power, hydropower, thermal power, photovoltaic power generation,
River training and other development and construction activities.
B. Activities 1. Weihuzaotian animal husbandry and fishery;
2. afforestation around the lake;
3. Weitan farming;
4. land reclamation;
5. pasture fencing;
6. destroying grass land reclamation;
7. deforestation reclamation.
C. 1. Environmen...
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