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NB/T 10329-2019: DC fuse-links for the protection of electric vehicles propelled by lithium-ion traction battery
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DC fuse-links for the protection of electric vehicles propelled by lithium-ion traction battery
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Basic data | Standard ID | NB/T 10329-2019 (NB/T10329-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | DC fuse-links for the protection of electric vehicles propelled by lithium-ion traction battery | | Sector / Industry | Energy Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K30 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.120.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 32,393 | | Date of Issue | 1900-01-20 | | Date of Implementation | 1900-01-20 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Energy Administration | NB/T 10329-2019: DC fuse-links for the protection of electric vehicles propelled by lithium-ion traction battery
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
DC fuse-links for the protection of electric vehicles propelled by lithium-ion traction battery
ICS 29.120.50
K 30
NB
Energy Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
General requirements for DC fuse links for lithium battery electric vehicles
2019-12-30 released
2020-07-01 implementation
Issued by National Energy Administration
Table of contents
Foreword...II
Introduction...III
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 General working conditions...2
5 Features...2
6 Logo...3
7 Structure and performance requirements...4
8 Test...5
Appendix A (informative appendix) Example of DC fuse size for lithium battery electric vehicles...18
References...23
Foreword
This standard was drafted with reference to the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Fuse Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC340).
Drafting organizations of this standard. Shanghai Electric Apparatus Research Institute, Xi'an Zhongrong Electric Co., Ltd., Guangdong Zhongbei Energy Technology Co., Ltd.,
Zhejiang Mechanical and Electrical Products Quality Inspection Institute, Shanghai Tianwei Certification Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Biaodi Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hollyland (Xiamen)
Circuit Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Supermelting Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Frzi Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan Boyue Electronics Co., Ltd.
Company, Zhejiang Zhongtai Fuse Co., Ltd., Mersen Electric Protection System (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Electric Ceramic Factory Co., Ltd.
Company, Zhejiang Tianzheng Electric Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Sanshi Electric Co., Ltd., Xiamen Celte Electronics Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Xinli Fuse
Limited company.
Drafters of this standard. Li Hui, Shi Xiaoguang, Jia Wei, Wang Biyun, Du Liang, Liu Geng, Tian Congmei, Lai Wenhui, Dai Chao, Li Ting, Zhao Zhi
Cheng, Huang Tianzhong, Chen Song, Wu Hui, Li Chuanshang, Zheng Julie, Xu Zhonghou, Fang Jinglin.
Introduction
With continuous breakthroughs in battery technology and the need for environmental sustainability, the field of electric vehicles is showing an explosive development trend.
There are three key core technologies for electric vehicles, one is the power battery, the second is the motor, and the third is the control system. Among them, the power battery is the most critical.
At present, the power sources used in electric vehicles include lead-acid batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, iron batteries, lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries,
Nickel-cadmium batteries, fuel cells, flywheel batteries, etc. This standard is applicable to situations where lithium-ion batteries are used as power batteries.
With the rapid development of electric vehicles, a large number of DC fuses used to protect the circuit safety of electric vehicle systems have appeared on the market. melt
The breaker can provide short-circuit protection for various loads in the electric vehicle system (including battery packs, BMS, etc.), and can also be used for high-voltage wiring harnesses.
protection. When the electric vehicle fails, the fuse can cut off the fault current by fusing itself, so as to protect the vehicle and the user.
Safety.
Internationally, ISO has studied on-board fuses earlier and has formed a complete standard system (ISO 8820 series "Road Vehicle Fuse
》), mainly suitable for traditional fuel vehicle fuses. This series has been transformed into my country’s national standard GB/T 31465 series, applicable to voltage range
The maximum range is 450V. However, the current fuse voltage level for the distribution system of small cars is between.200V-450V, and the fuse used for the distribution system of large cars
The voltage level of the breaker is between 500V-750V, and this voltage level may be higher in the future. Before the formulation of this standard, the existing standard has been
It cannot meet the application requirements of low-voltage fuses for electric vehicles on the market, and there is no corresponding international and foreign advanced standards for reference. UL
A research report UL248-20 "Low-Voltage Fuses Part 20.Fuses for Electric Vehicles" was released in early.2019, but the specific indicators are mostly
Open, specified by the manufacturer.
This standard mainly specifies the technical indicators of DC fuse-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 1500V DC for the protection of power battery packs.
And the test used to verify the product performance in the operating environment of electric vehicles. Compared with similar standards at home and abroad, the technical innovation of this standard
The new is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
--Proposed the product classification of "gEV" and "aEV" for the first time, suitable for different application requirements;
--In order to facilitate the test operation, while maximizing the use of the existing specifications and dimensions of common copper wires and copper bars, the
The principle of current density stipulates the cross-sectional area requirement of the test wire;
--Clarify that the time constant corresponding to the breaking capacity of DC fuse-link products for electric vehicles is 2±0.5 ms to ensure product performance. current
In the national, industrial and international standards, only the time constant range is given or not clear;
--According to actual needs, two verification methods for evaluating the product's resistance to abnormal heat and fire have been determined, and the applicability is higher than the existing standards;
--According to the actual application of the product, the verification requirements for the withstand current cycle impact are determined, and the manufacturer is allowed to specify different requirements
To meet different application requirements, the applicability is higher than existing standards;
--Proposed the acceptable thermal induction drift level of the product and the corresponding test method to ensure the environmental tolerance of the product. Compared to
There is a national standard, the test method is more in line with the actual needs of product manufacturers.
Through the formulation of this standard, the safety and reliability of such products, operating environment requirements, mechanical characteristics, operating characteristics, etc., are uniformly regulated.
Fan and requirements to meet the domestic electric vehicle market’s demand for DC fuse safety standards, and to reduce the failure rate of electric vehicles and protect users’
Personal safety is of great significance. At the same time, it also effectively improves the overall level of my country's fuse products, and solves the current chaotic situation of related products.
Lay the foundation for expanding the market of fuse products in the future.
General requirements for DC fuse links for lithium battery electric vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the DC melting point for protection of electric vehicles with a DC rated voltage of 1500 V and below and powered by lithium-ion power batteries.
The rating, performance requirements, test methods and marking requirements of the break (referred to as the lithium battery EV fuse link).
This standard applies to the design, production and use of lithium battery EV fuse links.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2423.6-1995 Environmental testing of electric and electronic products Part 2.Test method Test Eb and guideline. Collision (IEC
60068-2-29.1987, IDT)
GB/T 5169.16-2017 Fire hazard test of electric and electronic products Part 16.Test flame 50W horizontal and vertical flame test
Test method (IEC 60695-11-10.2013, IDT)
GB/T 13539.1-2015 Low-voltage fuses Part 1.Basic requirements (IEC 60269-1.2009, IDT)
GB/T 31467.3-2015 Lithium-ion power battery packs and systems for electric vehicles Part 3 Safety requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 13539.1-2015 apply to this document.
3.1
Fuse-link
Fuse parts with melt can be replaced after the fuse is blown.
[GB/T 13539.1-2015, definition 2.1.3]
3.2
Electric vehicle; EV
Mainly used for vehicles driven by electric motors used on public streets, highways or highways, whose driving current comes from rechargeable
Batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable, the energy used comes from outside the vehicle, such as residential areas or public power facilities).
Note. In ISO publications, "electric vehicle" is represented by "electric road vehicle".
[IEC 60364-7-772.2015, definition 722.3.1]
3.3
Lithium-ion battery
A battery that uses lithium ions as conductive ions, moves between the anode and the cathode, and realizes charge and discharge through the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy.
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.1.2.1]
3.4
Traction battery
The battery that provides energy for the power system of electric vehicles.
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.1.1.1.1]
3.5
Power battery system
One or more battery packs and corresponding accessories (battery management system, high-voltage circuit, low-voltage circuit, thermal management equipment and machine
(Mechanical assembly) constitutes an energy storage device that provides electrical energy for the driving of the electric vehicle.
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.1.2.1.9]
3.6
Open circuit voltage, off-load voltage
VOC
The terminal voltage of the battery under open circuit conditions.
[GB/T 19596-2017, definition 3.3.3.8.2]
3.7
Ambient air temperature
Ta
This temperature is the ambient air temperature at a distance of approximately 1 m from the fuse link or the fuse housing (if any).
[GB/T 13539.1-2015, definition 2.2.5.1]
4 General working conditions
4.1 Ambient air temperature (Ta)
The ambient air temperature Ta does not exceed 40 ℃, the average value measured in 24 hours does not exceed 35 ℃, and the average value measured within one year is lower than this value.
The minimum ambient air temperature is -5 ℃.
Note 1.The time-current characteristics provided are generally based on the ambient air temperature of 20 ℃. These time-current characteristics are also approximately applicable to a temperature of 30 ℃.
Note 2.For conditions exceeding the above ambient temperature, the high and low temperature performance of each material and the change in the breaking performance of the fuse link need to be considered. It is recommended to consult the manufacturer.
4.2 Altitude
The altitude of the installation site generally does not exceed 2 000 m.
Note. For use at altitudes higher than 2 000 m, the cooling effect of air and the decrease in dielectric strength need to be considered. Recommendations on the suitability of products under the above conditions
It is recommended to consult the manufacturer.
4.3 Atmospheric conditions
The air is clean and does not contain corrosive fuse materials or damage insulation, conductive and explosive media. Its relative humidity at the highest temperature is
Not more than 50% at 40 ℃. There can be a higher relative humidity at a lower temperature, for example, at 20°C, the relative humidity can reach 90%.
Special measures should be taken for the occasional condensation caused by temperature changes.
4.4 Installation
Install the fuse according to the manufacturer's instructions.
5 Features
5.1 Feature Overview
The fuse link shall specify the following characteristics.
a) Rated voltage;
b) Rated current;
c) Rated power dissipation;
d) Time-current characteristics;
e) Breaking range;
f) Rated breaking capacity;
g) Size or size.
5.2 Rated voltage
The rated DC voltage of the fuse should not be lower than the maximum open circuit voltage VOC of the lithium-ion power battery system.
The rated voltage of the fuse is expressed in volts (V).
5.3 Rated current
The rated current of the fuse-link is expressed in ampere (A), and the preferred value is as follows.
6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160,.200, 250, 315, 400, 500,
630,800.
5.4 Rated power dissipation of the fuse link
The rated power dissipation of the fuse-link is specified by the manufacturer. Under the specified test conditions, the power dissipation of the fuse-link should not exceed the specified value.
The manufacturer shall specify the function of the rated power dissipation not less than 50% of the rated current or the corresponding graph curve.
5.5 Time-current characteristics
5.5.1 General requirements
The time-current characteristic of the fuse link is related to the design, and for a given fuse link, it is also related to the ambient air temperature and cooling conditions.
The manufacturer shall give the pre-arc time-current characteristic and fusing time-current characteristic or time-current characteristic band of the fuse-link.
5.5.2 Agreed time and current
The agreed time and current of the "gEV" fuse link are shown in Table 1.
5.6 Breaking range and breaking capacity
5.6.1 Breaking range and use category
The first letter should indicate the breaking range.
--"G" fuse link (full range breaking capacity fuse link);
--"A" fuse link (partial range breaking capacity fuse link).
The second letter should indicate the category of use.
- "gEV" means a fuse with full range DC breaking capacity used in electric vehicle systems;
--"AEV" means a fuse with partial range DC breaking capacity used in electric vehicle systems.
5.6.2 Rated breaking capacity
The manufacturer shall specify the breaking capacity of the fuse-link and the corresponding time constant
The rated breaking capacity of the fuse should not be less than the current value of the direct short circuit at the power outlet of the lithium-ion power battery system. The breaking capacity is one
Generally not less than 10 kA, and the time constant is 2 ms±0.5 ms.
For special applications, when an over-current fault occurs, the loop has a huge inductance with a small internal resistance, and the loop time constant value may be different
According to the above regulations, the time constant value of the breaking test loop should be negotiated by the user and the manufacturer at this time.
6 signs
6.1 General requirements
The mark should be clear and durable. It is verified by visual inspection and the following tests.
Wipe the mark with a cotton cloth soaked in water for 5 s, and then wipe it with a cotton cloth soaked in aliphatic hexane solvent for 5 s.
Note. It is advisable to use an aliphatic hexane solvent. The maximum volume content of the fragrance of the solvent is 0.1%. The butanol value of kauri gum is about 29.The initial boiling point is about 65 ℃.
The point is about 69 ℃, and the concentration is about 0.68 g/cm3.
6.2 Marking of fuse-links
The following information should be marked on the fuse link.
-Manufacturer's name or easily recognizable trademark;
-Manufacturer's identification mark;
--Rated voltage;
--Rated current;
-Breaking range and use category (letter code).
7 Structure and performance requirements
7.1 Structural requirements
7.1.1 Materials
The material used in the fuse link should not produce adverse effects under normal use conditions.
For the resistance to abnormal heat and fire, the manufacturer shall specify which test method specified in 8.2.1.1 is used for the test.
7.1.2 Mechanical strength
The fuse-link should have sufficient mechanical strength and the contact should be reliably fixed. It should be possible to replace the fuse-link easily and safely. The fuse is inserted and unplugged
The production process should have sufficient mechanical resistance. The standard limiter (if any) should be able to withstand the normal stress generated during use.
The mechanical properties of the fuse-link should be judged in conjunction with the results of normal use and installation and the breaking capacity test.
The strength of the terminal shall be verified in accordance with 8.2.2.
7.1.3 Vibration and shock
The fuse should be able to withstand the mechanical stress caused by vibration and shock during normal use. Perform verification in accordance with 8.2.3.
7.1.4 Dimensions
The size of the fuse link should meet the manufacturer's specifications.
Figures A.1 to A.5 in Appendix A give examples of several DC fuse sizes for users to choose.
7.2 Performance requirements
7.2.1 Temperature rise and power dissipation of the fuse
The fuse link should be designed reasonably. Under standard conditions of use, the temperature rise and power dissipation of the fuse link should not exceed the values specified by the manufacturer.
It should not exceed the accepted power dissipation of the fuse base or fuse support used in conjunction.
If the power dissipation of the fuse link is greater than the accepted power dissipation of the standard fuse base or fuse support, the manufacturer shall lower its rating
value.
The above requirements are verified by the test of 8.3.1.
7.2.2 Action
When the circuit is overloaded or short-circuited, the fuse should act as specified.
When the circuit current is not greater than the rated breaking capacity and not less than the current value specified by the manufacturer that is sufficient to disconnect the fuse link, "aEV" melts
The broken body should be able to move and break the circuit.
Within the agreed time, for the "gEV" type fuse link.
--When carrying any current that does not exceed the agreed infuse current (Inf), the fuse should not be blown;
--When carrying any current not less than the agreed fusing current (If) and not exceeding the rated breaking capacity, the fuse should be blown.
If the fuse link passes the test specified in 8.3.2, it is considered that the fuse link meets the above requirements.
7.2.3 Current cycle impact
The fuse should have a certain ability to withstand instantaneous pulse energy.
If the fuse link passes the test specified in 8.3.4, it is considered that the fuse link meets the above requirements.
7.2.4 Breaking capacity
The fuse should be able to break.
--For "g" fuse-links, the current is any current between If and the rated breaking capacity claimed by the manufacturer;
--For "a" fuse-links, the current is any voltage between the current value specified by the manufacturer and the rated breaking capacity sufficient to disconnect the fuse-link
flow.
For "a" fuse-links, the minimum current value specified by the manufacturer that is sufficient to disconnect the fuse-link should not be greater than 8In.
The time constant is not greater than the specified value in Table 8.
The arc voltage when the fuse is blown should not exceed the value specified in Table 2.
Note. If the fuse-link is used in a circuit where the system voltage is lower than the rated voltage of the fuse-link, the arc voltage should be considered, and the value should not exceed the corresponding system voltage in Table 2.
The value of the arc voltage.
7.2.5 Environmental tolerance
The fuse should have certain environmental resistance. If the tests of 8.2.1.2, 8.2.1.3 and 8.3.5 pass, it is considered that the fuse-link complies with
The requirements of this standard. If there are other different environmental load conditions, it is recommended that the user and the manufacturer negotiate.
8 test
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 Arrangement and size of fuse links
The fuse link should be installed according to normal use, and the sample should be clean and dry.
Before the test, the size of the fuse-link should be measured to meet the manufacturer's specifications.
Unless otherwise specified, all tests are carried out at room temperature of (23±5)°C and relative humidity of 45% to 75%. Every single fuse link
The length of the connecting line on each side is not less than 1 m. The cable should be as straight as possible, and the cross-sectional area of the cable should be selected according to Table 3.If the manufacturer agrees, it can be used
Less than the conductor section in the table. For power dissipation verification and current cycle impulse test, if it is necessary or hopeful to test several fuse-links together
The fuse link can be connected in series. The total length of the connecting wire between the fuse-link terminals in series is about 2 m. If allowed by the manufacturer, the connecting wire
The total length can be reduced.
For those with a rated current of 400 A and below, a black single-core polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulated copper conductor should be used as the connecting wire;
For those with a current of 500 A to 800 A, black single-core PVC insulated copper conductors or bare copper bars can be used as connecting wires; for larger rated currents, only
Copper bars painted with black matt paint can be used.
Before the start of the test, measure the internal resistance R of all samples, the measured current does not exceed 0.1In, and the R value should be recorded in the use report.
Unless otherwise specified, the error of electrical parameters is controlled within ±2%, and the recommended time error is. ±5% within 10s, 10s
The above is ±2.2%.
No forced ventilation is allowed during the test.
8.1.2 Test of the same fuse-link series
Except for the following modifications, 8.1.5.2 of GB/T 13539.1-2015 applies.
For the same fuse series.
--The fuse-link with the maximum rated current shall be fully tested according to Table 4;
--The fuse link with the smallest rated current only needs to be tested according to Table 5;
--Other rated current fuse links between the maximum and minimum rated currents should be tested in accordance with Table 6.
8.2 Verification structure requirements
8.2.1 Materials
8.2.1.1 Verification of resistance to abnormal heat and fire
8.2.1.1.1 Glow wire test
Insulating materials (except ceramics) of fixed current-carrying parts should withstand the glow wire test at 960 ℃, and other insulating materials should withstand 650 ℃
Glow wire test.
The test is carried out in accordance with the provisions of 8.11.2.2 in GB/T 13539.1-2015.
The test is carried out on five samples. If there is any doubt about the test result, the test should be repeated on the other five samples.
8.2.1.1.2 Test based on flammability category
For insulating material parts, according to the flammability category, two sets of 5 strip samples are used, according to Chapter 9 of GB/T 5169.16-2017
The vertical combustion test shall be carried out according to the specified requirements, and the material shall not be lower than the requirement of V-0.
As an option, the manufacturer can provide data obtained from the insulating material supplier that can prove that the material meets the requirements.
8.2.1.2 Verification of resistance to stress corrosion cracking
In order to verify that the rolled copper alloy current-carrying parts with copper content less than 83% do not have stress corrosion cracking, the following tests should be carried out.
Soak the five test samples in an appropriate solution (such as methyl chloroform or refined gasoline) for 10 minutes to remove all grease.
The test product should be placed in a test box with a temperature of (30 ± 10) ℃ for 4 h.
Then, the test product was placed in a test box containing an ammonia chloride solution with a pH of 10 to 11 at the bottom for 8 h.
For 1 L ammonia chloride solution, the appropriate pH value can be obtained as follows.
107 g of ammonia chloride (NH4Cl for analysis) was mixed with 0.75 L of distilled water and added 30% sodium hydroxide (using analytical reagent grade NaOH and distillation
Water) to a total volume of 1 L, and the pH value remains unchanged. Use glass electrodes to measure pH.
The ratio of the chamber volume to the solution volume should be at least 20.1.
After the blue film is wiped off with a dry cloth, the cracks of the test sample should not be visible with the naked eye, and the contact end cap of the fuse link should not be removed by hand.
8.2.1.3 Verification of rust resistance
Immerse the sample in a suitable degreasing agent (such as methyl chloroform or refined gasoline) for 10 minutes to remove the grease, and then immerse it in a temperature (20
±5) 10 min in 10% ammonia chloride solution at ℃.
Do not dry, but evaporate the water droplets, and then place the parts in a box with a temperature of (20 ± 5) ℃ and saturated air humidity for 10 minutes.
After the sample is dried in an oven at a temperature of (100±5)℃ for 10 minutes, there shou...
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