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LY/T 3085.3-2019: Amygdalus pedunculata -- Part 3: Technical regulations for high-yield cultivation
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Amygdalus pedunculata -- Part 3: Technical regulations for high-yield cultivation
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LY/T 3085.3-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3085.3-2019 (LY/T3085.3-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Amygdalus pedunculata -- Part 3: Technical regulations for high-yield cultivation | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B66 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 6,674 | | Date of Issue | 2019-10-23 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-04-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 3085.3-2019: Amygdalus pedunculata -- Part 3: Technical regulations for high-yield cultivation
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(Almond tree long handle Part 3 Technical regulations for high yield cultivation)
ICS 65.020.01
B 66
LY
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Technical regulations for high yield cultivation of almond tree
Technical regulations for high-yield cultivation of Amygdalus pedunculata
2019-10-23 released
2020-04-01 implementation
Published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1 ~.2009.
This standard is proposed by the Economic Forest Research and Development Center of the Chinese Academy of Forestry.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Economic Forest Products Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC557).
This standard was drafted. Economic Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia
Education Center, Tongliao Forestry Bureau.
The main drafters of this standard. Wuyun Tana, Zhu Gaopu, Wang Lin, Zhao Han, Liu Huimin, Bao Wenquan, Yan Jie, Bai Yu'e, Ning Shiming,
Wang Zhiyong, Liu Jiangqun, Huang Mengzhen, Xu Wanyu, Gou Ningning, Chen Chen, Zhu Xuchun, Bai Haikun, Li Fangdong, Zhang Wenying, Bai Sula.
Long-handled almond complex Part 3 Technical regulations for high yield cultivation
1 Scope
This standard specifies high-yield cultivation such as the selection and planning of long-handled almond orchards, the establishment of gardens, the management of soil, fertilizer, and water, and the harvesting, processing, and storage of fruits
Management technology.
This standard applies to the Huanghuai Basin in Henan, Anhui, Shandong and the "Three Norths" Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing,
High-yield cultivation and management of almond tree in Tianjin, Liaoning and other regions.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 15776 Afforestation Technical Regulations
3 Garden selection and planning
3.1 Climatic conditions
The average annual temperature is ≥ 4 ℃, the average annual sunshine is ≥ 2876 hours, the frost-free period is ≥ 150 days, and the annual precipitation is ≥.200 mm.
3.2 Site conditions
The thickness of the soil layer is ≥ 0.6 m, the pH value is 6.5 to 8.5, the soil is loose, the drainage is good, the slope is ≤ 25 °, and the sun slope.
3.3 Garden planning
Plan and design the garden before planting. The design is based on the construction land, and the roads, shelter forest systems, houses, water circuits, and drying fields are designed.
And so on for comprehensive planning.
4 Building a garden
4.1 Thorough breed selection
The selected varieties should be selected (recognized) at the provincial level and above (see Appendix A of the “Technical Regulations for Construction of Long-handled Almond Pear Harvesting Plants”).
4.2 Land preparation and fertilization
Site preparation shall be carried out in accordance with 8.3 of GB/T 15776. Combined with site preparation, the base fertilizer shall be 3000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000 kg · 667m-2.
The formula is executed according to 10.5.
4.3 Planting Point Specifications
The sandy land should be 40 cm × 40 cm × 50 cm, and other soil types should be 40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm.
4.4 Seedling specifications
Reach seedling standards above Grade Ⅱ. For seedling standards, see Table 4 in the "Technical Regulations for Breeding Seedlings of Long-handled Almond Complex, Part 2."
4.5 Planting time
Refer to "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex" for implementation in 4.2.3.
4.6 Planting density
2 m × 4 m should be used for artificial cultivation, and 2 m × 5 m ~ 6 m should be used for mechanized cultivation.
4.7 Variety configuration
The pollination tree was selected as the long-stemmed almond variety or variety with the same flowering period and strong pollination affinity as the main planting variety. Main planted species and pollinated species
According to the ratio of 8 to 10. 1, it is appropriate to plant 2 to 3 varieties in the same garden. 'Zhongbian 2' and 'Mengbian 1' are suitable as 'Zhongbian 1'
And 'Zhongbian No. 3' pollination tree, 'Zhongbian No. 4' and 'Zhongbian No. 2' are suitable as 'Zhongbian No. 5', 'Zhongbian No. 6', and 'Zhongbian No. 7'
No.'s pollination tree.
4.8 Planting
Long-handled almond trees should be planted with mud dipped in roots. The mud consists of 0.1% potassium permanganate, 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% zinc fertilizer and final concentration.
Rooting powder with a concentration of 50 mg · kg-1 ~ 60 mg · kg-1, and stir well with clay and appropriate amount of water. Planting method in accordance with GB/T 15776
10.4.2 Implementation.
4.9 Fixed
After planting, it can be set to dry, the fixed height is 40 cm ~ 60 cm.
5 High yield indicators
In terms of growth, good ventilation and light transmission, strong growth of the tree body, strong green leaf color, no harm from pests and diseases or minor harm; in terms of economic yield,
High yield, stable yield, uniform kernel size, kernel yield per unit area, etc. reached the high yield index in Table 1.
Table 1 High-yield indicators of almond tree
Forest age (year) growth index
Economic Indicators
Kernel production per unit area/(kg · 667m-2) Oil content (%)
4 to 5
Tree height/m ≥ 1.8
Ground diameter/m ≥ 4
Crown width/m ≥ 1.8 × 1.8
New shoot growth/cm ≥ 40
250 ~ 300
≥50
6 or more
Tree height/m ≥ 2.0
Ground diameter/m ≥ 5
Crown width/m ≥ 2.0 × 2.0
New shoot growth/cm ≥ 50
400 ~ 450
Note. The economic yield is calculated based on the row spacing of 2 m × 4 m and planting of 1250 long-stemmed almond trees per hm2.
6 Soil and water management
6.1 Early work
Alfalfa, white elm, wormwood, salvia, habitat, etc. can be intercropped at the young tree stage of the long-almond apricot yield garden.
6.2 Weeding
Weed in time according to growth conditions. Mechanical weeding should be used to control weeds, and herbicides should not be used for weed control.
6.3 Fertilization
6.3.1 Fertilization time and amount
Mechanized application of base fertilizers. The base fertilizers are applied once a year starting from the third year, from late September to early November.
Bio-organic fertilizer, etc. Fertilizer application rate is 3000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000 kg · 667m-2.
Mechanized topdressing. From the second year, top dressing is applied three times a year in the Huanghuai River Basin in early March, late April and late June;
In the "North" area, top dressing is applied twice a year, in the beginning of April and early June, with a fertilizer application amount of 30 kg · 667m-2 to 50 kg · 667m-2.
6.3.2 Fertilization methods
The fertilization method is to use a furrowing machine to open a fertilization ditch 25 cm to 30 cm deep under the vertical projection of the canopy, and the thickness of the fertilization is 15 cm to 20 cm.
Put the base fertilizer into the trench and fill the soil with machinery.
6.4 Water management
Huanghuai River Basin. In the first year, water was drenched once within 48 hours after the seedlings were planted, and the crooked seedlings were straightened in time, depending on the soil from April to July
Replenish the water in a timely manner, and water the frozen water once in late December; starting in the second year, water it once before spring sprouts, and water it later depending on the soil
Water once or twice, frozen water once in late December; "Three North" area. watered once after planting in April in the first year, depending on soil conditions from May to July
Replenish water, water the frozen water once in early November; start the second year, water once in the germination period, water one or two times in the growing season depending on soil conditions, 11
Frozen water once a month.
6.5 Plastic Trim
After germination, wipe off the rootstock sprouts, root bud sprouts, and side buds with a fixed stem height of 5 cm to 8 cm, and select 3 to 5 side buds to form skeleton branches.
Cultivate natural round head shape or natural happy tree shape.
6.6 Pest control
It shall be implemented in accordance with 5.4 "Pest Control" in the "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Ear Harvesting Plants in Part 1 of Almond Complex".
7 Fruit harvesting, handling and storage
7.1 Harvest timing
Harvest can be performed when the peel turns red or the peeling rate of the peel reaches 25% to 30%.
It should not be harvested when the fog or dew is not dry.
7.2 Collection method
It should be harvested by vibrating tree. It can be harvested by gently knocking down the wooden pole and mechanically shaking the tree body to avoid damage to branches and leaves and flower buds.
7.3 Seed handling and storage
After the fruit is harvested, the flesh is separated from the seed nucleus and dried or dried in time. It can be stored with a hand-cranked sound or the seed kerosene moisture content ≤9%.
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