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LY/T 3085.1-2019: Technical regulations for cutting orchard establishement of improved Amygdalus pedunculata varieties
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Technical regulations for cutting orchard establishement of improved Amygdalus pedunculata varieties
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LY/T 3085.1-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | LY/T 3085.1-2019 (LY/T3085.1-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical regulations for cutting orchard establishement of improved Amygdalus pedunculata varieties | | Sector / Industry | Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B61 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 10,119 | | Date of Issue | 2019-10-23 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-04-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Forestry and Grassland Administration | LY/T 3085.1-2019: Technical regulations for cutting orchard establishement of improved Amygdalus pedunculata varieties
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(Almond tree long handle Part 1 Technical rules for construction of plucking garden)
ICS 65.020.01
B 61
LY
People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard
Technical rules for construction of harvesting ear nursery
Technical regulations for cutting orchard establishement of improved Amygdalus
pedunculata varieties
2019-10-23 released
2020-04-01 implementation
Published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1 ~.2009.
This standard is proposed by the Economic Forest Research and Development Center of the Chinese Academy of Forestry.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Economic Forest Products Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC557).
This standard was drafted. Economic Forest Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia
Education Center, Baotou Forestry Bureau.
The main drafters of this standard. Wuyun Tana, Zhu Gaopu, Zhao Han, Liu Huimin, Wang Lin, Li Fangdong, Wang Zhiyong, Bao Wenquan, Yan Jie,
Ning Shiming, Liu Jiangqun, Huang Mengzhen, Xu Wanyu, Gou Ningning, Chen Chen, Zhu Xuchun, Bai Haikun, Zhang Wenying.
Technical Regulations for Construction of Harvesting Ear Plants
1 Scope
This standard specifies the field selection, planning and design, requirements for improved seeds, construction methods, tending management, and spike collection for long-almond tree ear picking nurseries.
And preservation, file creation, etc.
This standard is applicable to the construction and management of high-yield and efficient ear-harvesting nursery.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 15776 Afforestation Technical Regulations
GB/T 6001 Seedling raising technical regulations
GB/T 8321 Guidelines for Fair Use of Pesticides
NY/T 1276 General Rules for the Safe Use of Pesticides
LY/T 2842 Guidelines for the rational use of common forestry chemicals
3 Site selection
3.1 Soil conditions
Select sandy loam or loam with flat terrain, deep soil, good drainage and irrigation conditions, groundwater level below 2 m, and no long-term water accumulation.
The average annual temperature is ≥4 ° C, the annual minimum temperature is -30 ° C, the annual precipitation is ≥200 mm, the soil pH is 6.5 to 8.4, the total salt content is ≤0.25%, and the groundwater is mineralized.
The degree is ≤1g · L-1, and the transportation is convenient.
3.2 Area
The area of picking nursery should be determined according to the development plan and scale. Generally,.200,000 to 250,000 graft buds can be produced per 667 m2.
3.3 Varieties
The varieties of ear-harvesting nursery should be selected through provincial (or higher) approval (Appendix A). In accordance with local industrial development plans,
Good varieties for regional development.
4 Construction
4.1 Construction method
There are two main ways of constructing long-handled almond picking ear gardens. newly-built ear picking gardens and high-growth excellent picking ear gardens. The same thoroughbred (clone) should be determined
Planted in the same field, set up identification plates, register the names (numbers) and quantities of fine varieties, and draw planting maps.
4.2 Newly-built ear picking nursery
4.2.1 Land preparation
Evenly spread 3,000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000 kg · 667m-2 of rotten cooked farm manure and biological organic fertilizer.
Provisions are enforced.
4.2.2 Seedling selection
For grafting seedlings to build a garden, the seedling specifications must meet the standards of grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ fine seedlings (see Part 2 "Longhandled Almond Complex Part 2
Wood breeding technical regulations Table 4).
4.2.3 Planting time
The Huanghuai region is from late November to early December, and the following year is from late February to late March. The "Three North" region is from early April to late April.
4.2.4 Planting density
The row spacing of 1.5 m ~ 2 m should be adopted.
4.2.5 Planting Point Specifications
40 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm specifications should be used.
4.2.6 Planting method
Implemented in accordance with GB/T 15776.
4.2.7 fixed
After planting, set the stem in time, and the stem height is 40 cm ~ 60 cm.
4.2.8 Management
Water it in time after planting, and replenish the soil moisture in a timely manner depending on the soil conditions throughout the growing season. Replant the dead seedlings in time.
4.3 High picking and excellent picking ear nursery
4.3.1 Rootstock requirements
The forests are neat, the rootstocks are kept intact, and the growth is good, and the density is 2 m × 3 m ~ 3 m × 5 m.
4.3.2 Scion selection
The scion varieties should be selected through the provincial level and above (approved) (see Appendix A). Huanghuai river basin should be grafted in summer. select
Lignified, semi-lignified new shoots with good growth and development, full buds and no pests, with a length of 40 cm ~ 50 cm and a stem thickness of 0.4 cm ~ 0.6 cm;
"North" area, it is advisable to graft in spring. The scion should choose a maroon-red color with good growth and development, full buds, and no pests and diseases.
Raw branches with a length of 50 cm ~ 60 cm and a stem thickness of 0.3 cm ~ 0.5 cm.
4.3.3 Scion collection
When scion is collected in summer, it should be watered 2 d ~ 3 d before the scion. It should be collected before 10.00 am or after 16.00.
The leaves should be cut off in time, leaving petioles to protect the young shoots. The scion should be trimmed to a length of 20 cm ~ 30 cm, with 30-50 bundles as a bundle;
Ears are harvested before dormancy in winter or in early spring. The scion should be trimmed to a length of 40 cm to 50 cm, with 30 to 50 roots as a bundle.
Kinds of labels.
4.3.4 Scion storage
After collecting the scion in summer, it should be placed in a bucket vertically. The water has not cut through the cut 1 cm ~ 2 cm. The exposed part is wrapped with a wet towel wrung with water.
It should be used as soon as possible; scions that cannot be grafted in time should be stored at low temperature, and the ambient temperature should be 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, relative humidity 60% ~ 70% or put
Store in deep water wells below 5 m; the scion for long-distance transportation should be cooled with ice packs, and dry towels should be used to separate them. Winter and spring pick up
After the ears were collected, they were sealed with a plastic film and placed in a cold storage at 2 ° C to 5 ° C, stored in a cellar, or stored directly in the sand.
4.3.5 Treatment before grafting
During the dormant period, the selected rootstock was cut off from 40 cm to 60 cm above the ground. Choose sprouts with strong growth and even distribution 3 ～
Four were grown into grafts, and the remaining sprouts were removed. When the base diameter of the sprouts is ≥ 0.4 cm, grafting is performed. Water was drenched 5 to 7 days before grafting.
4.3.6 Grafting time
The Huanghuai Basin is from late May to early June, and the "Three North" region is from mid April to early May.
4.3.7 Grafting method
Huanghuai river basin should adopt square bud budding, and "Three North" region should use wood budding budding. 3 d ~ 4 d before watering
The ground is 10 cm to 15 cm, the cut is smooth, the layers are aligned, and the binding straps are tight.
4.3.8 Management after Grafting
7 to 10 d after grafting in the Huanghuai River Basin, and 15 to d after grafting in the "Three North" region, leaving 1 or 2 leaf shearing anvils above the grafting interface.
Wipe the buds. After the grafted buds grow to 6 cm ~ 8 cm, cut the anvil a second time above the buds of the grafting interface and remove the buds in time.
5 Ear picking management
5.1 Water management
Huanghuai Basin, the first year and the second year, watering after planting in March, watering once a month in April to July depending on the soil moisture condition, late December
Pouring frozen water once; beginning in the third year, watering once in March, 2 to 3 times in May and August, and freezing water once in late December; "Three North"
In areas, the first and second years, watering after planting in April, watering once a month from May to July depending on the soil moisture conditions, watering once in early November
Frozen water; starting in the third year, watering once in April, watering once or twice in June to July depending on soil moisture conditions, and freezing water once in early November.
5.2 Fertilization
5.2.1 Base fertilizer
Starting from the third year, the base fertilizer is applied once a year. The type is biological organic fertilizer and rotten farm manure. The fertilizer application rate is 3000 kg · 667m-2 ~ 5000.
kg · 667m-2. The fertilization time was from mid-November to mid-December in the Huanghuai River Basin, and from mid-October to mid-November in the “Three North Region”.
5.2.2 Topdressing
Starting from the second year, the Huanghuai Basin was topdressed twice a year, from mid-April to late June. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied at 30 kg · 667m-2 ~ 50.
kg · 667m-2; "Three North" areas, top dressing once a year for the middle and late June.
5.3 Weeding
Weed in time during the growing season.
5.4 Pest control
If the newly-built garden is soil for continuous cropping or heavy cropping of corn and other crops, soil disinfection should be carried out. 50% carbendazim wettable powder should be sprayed, or
65% mancozeb zinc wettable powder 500 ~ 600 times liquid, add 50% zinc parathion EC or 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times liquid, mix and spray as you spray, kill
Insect sterilization. For heavy soil, an aqueous ferrous sulfate solution with a concentration of 1% to 3% should be used, and the amount of 4.5 kg · m-2 should be sprayed evenly on the bed.
d ~ 7 d sowing. Before rebuilding the garden, the ploughed field shall be turned over, the dead leaves and leaves shall be cleaned, the branches and leaves endangered by diseases and insects, and the trunk shall be painted white.
Common pests include powdery mildew, sting moths, aphids, scarabs, rabbits, crickets, ground tigers, etc. The rational use of pesticides is in accordance with GB/T 8321,
NY/T 1276, LY/T 2842 implementation.
6 Archive management
Implemented in accordance with 13 of GB/T 6001.
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Certified Amygdaloids
Name Characteristics Main Uses
'Medium
Flat 1
number'
The tree is half-opened, the leaves are elliptic, the apex is sharp, and the base is wide wedge-shaped. Flowers solitary, first leaves
Open, pink. The fruit is oval, with a fruit weight of 1.07 g, a kernel weight of 0.49 g, and a kernel weight of 0.19 g.
Flowering from April to May, fruiting from July to August. The flowers are strong and fruiting, and the fruits begin to bear in 2 to 3 years after planting.
Results The plant rate was 93% ~ 100%. It entered into the fruiting period in 4 ~ 5 years, and had high yield.
The average fruit yield can reach 1.25 kg ~ 1.32 kg, and the kernel yield is 0.22 kg ~ 0.23 kg, per 667m2
Produces kernels from 36.2 kg to 38.2 kg.
Applicable to Huanghuai Plain and
Construction Chief of "Three Norths"
Prunus amygdalus yield garden, returning farmland
Forest restoration
Forest, "Three North" Shelterbelt
Degraded forest restoration, sandy land
And barren hills and afforestation.
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