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HJ 710.8-2014 English PDF

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HJ 710.8-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates
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HG/T 5871   GB/T 27611   GB/T 20861   HJ 710.15   HJ 710.14   HJ 710.12   

Basic data

Standard ID HJ 710.8-2014 (HJ710.8-2014)
Description (Translated English) Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates
Sector / Industry Environmental Protection Industry Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard Z04
Word Count Estimation 20,232
Date of Issue 10/31/2014
Date of Implementation 1/1/2015
Quoted Standard GB/T 7714; GB/T 8170; HJ 623; HJ 628
Regulation (derived from) Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74
Issuing agency(ies) Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Summary This standard specifies the freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates diversity observation main contents, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the People's Republic of China within the scope of observation freshwater benthic invertebr

HJ 710.8-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates


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Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards Technical Guidelines for the observation of freshwater benthic biodiversity Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring-freshwater benthic (release draft) Issued on.2014-10-31 2015-01-01 implementation Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection i Table of Contents Preface .ii 1. Scope ..1 2 Normative references ..1 3 Terms and Definitions .1 4 observations principle ..1 5 methods of observation ..2 6 observations contents and index ..7 7 observation time and frequency ..8 8 Data processing and analysis ..8 Quality control and safety management 9 8 10 observation report prepared .9 Appendix A (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates observation tools, reagents and equipment .10 Annex B (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates field sampling observation record sheet ..11 Annex C (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates collected quantitative record table ..12 Annex D (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates qualitative acquisition record Table 13 Annex E (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates voucher specimens recorded in Table 14 Annex F (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates samples fixed and preservation methods 15 Annex G (informative) Data processing and analysis methods ..16 Appendix H (informative) freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates observation report writing formats .17

Foreword

To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "People's Republic of China Wild Animal Protection Law" to regulate Our observations of biological diversity, the development of this standard. This standard specifies in freshwater bodies of water and include hydrostatic water biomes diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates Observation techniques and methods of sample layout, quality assurance sample collection methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis and observation And so we made the corresponding provisions and instructions. The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are informative appendix. This standard is the first release. This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization. Drafting of this standard. Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Department of Environmental Protection. This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval. This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation. The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

1 observation techniques guide the biodiversity of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates

1 Scope

This standard specifies the freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates diversity observation main contents, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the People's Republic of China within the scope of observation freshwater benthic invertebrate diversity.

2 Normative references

This standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated references, the latest edition of To this standard. GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules GB/T 8170 repair value expressed about the rules and limit values and judgment HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity HJ 628 genetic resources collection technical specification (Trial)

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Macroinvertebrates macroinvertebrate Refers to an individual can not be 500 μm aperture sieve invertebrates (including some individuals in the early stages of the life history of a small animal). 3.2 Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate It refers to all or at least a period of the life cycle in inland freshwater habitats (including water and still water) or bottom surface of a body of water The bottom of the matrix macroinvertebrates. Including Cnidaria (Cnidaria, also known as cnidarians door Coelenterata), Platyhelminthes (Platyhelminthes), linear phylum (Nematomorpha), nematode phylum (Nemata), Annelida (Annelida), Mollusca (Mollusca) and Arthropoda (Arthropoda) animal. 3.3 Density density Refers to some kind of (class) the number of individuals of all animals per unit area. 3.4 Frequency frequency It refers to the percentage of an animal in the entire survey quadrats arise. 3.5 Biomass biomass It refers to the total weight per unit area of some (class) animals. 3.6 Dominant species dominant species It refers to the formation of community structure and community environments have significant control effect species. They are usually more than the number of those individuals, High biomass, larger, living the kind of ability.

4 observations principle

4.1 Scientific Principles Observation plots and observing the object should be representative, can fully reflect the observation area of freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates whole Body condition; should adopt a unified, standardized methods, observing the dynamic changes of freshwater benthic invertebrate diversity. 24.2 operability principles Observing programs should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, make full use of existing data and results, Li Foot existing observation equipment and personnel conditions, high efficiency, low cost methods of observation. 4.3 principles of sustainability, Observations should meet the needs of freshwater benthic invertebrate conservation and management, and biodiversity conservation and management Management work and play a guiding role in early warning. Observing objects, methods, time and frequency, once established, should remain fairly constant. 4.4 Principle of protection Avoid observations of wildlife damage, avoid frequent observation beyond the objective need. If you need to capture the focus of security Protecting species, should be given administrative permission of relevant authorities. 4.5 Security Principles Field observations have a certain degree of risk, the observer should receive professional training. Observation process should be done to secure Protective measures. 4.6 Applicability of the principle of According to observations freshwater bodies of shape, size, flow and other environmental conditions, and a variety of benthic macroinvertebrates raw Material science and ecological characteristics, select the appropriate methods of observation.

5 Methods of Observation

5.1 Observations ready 5.1.1 determine observation target Grasp the observation area benthic macroinvertebrates diversity and distribution, as well as human activities and environmental changes to their students Availability of influence; watershed for the development of ecological and environmental protection measures, evaluation of watershed ecological environment protection measures and policy implementation have Effectiveness to provide the basic data. 5.1.2 clear observation target Including hydrozoas and Hydromedusae (Cnidaria), vortex insects (Platyhelminthes), linear class (linear phylum), Nematodes (nematode phylum), Oligochaeta and leeches (Annelida), gastropods and bivalves (Mollusca), A Crustaceans, water, aquatic insects and spiders (arthropods door). In carrying out the observation of species diversity, we should focus on the following categories group. a) national or regional endemic of dominant species or common species; b) the maintenance of freshwater ecosystem structure and processes of species system has an important role; c) has an important social and economic values of the species; d) changes in the aquatic environment sensitive species. 5.1.3 develop observation program Prepared morphology observation water view of the area, the type of substrate Figure 1. 10000 topographic map and other information, based on observation goals and outlook The target object, the development of scientific and rational observation programs. 5.1.4 observation team set up to carry out personnel training Organize observation force, clear the observer's responsibility to provide technical training for the observer, so the observer to grasp the field observation side Law, practices and species identification knowledge. At the same time, do full safety training, to prevent dangerous incidents. 5.1.5 Prepare observation equipment and instruments Prepare observing instruments, transport equipment and tools (see Appendix A). Checking and debugging tools and equipment, long-term Place the instrument accuracy correction to ensure that the facilities and running well. 5.2 observation sample set 35.2.1 Quantitative Observation According lakes, reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies morphological characteristics, sediment type, hydrology, aquatic plants and large freshwater benthic Distribution Characteristics of invertebrates, and water pollution and other factors, to set off in a number of representative waters Or thread-like surface, so that the degree of difference in the same section or sample line as small as possible. At regular intervals or sample located in the same section line Set a sample. 5.2.1.1 lakes and reservoirs The division of lakes and reservoirs into the entrance area, deep water area (or the lake district), the exit zone, coastal zones, or polluted and relative Different regions of the cleaning area, etc., to set up a number of representative cross section in these areas respectively. Depending on the direction of the cross section, each Some distance from the sample point setting, or the left and the middle section of the beach, and right sides are disposed a plurality of samples (Fig. 1). Break Surface samples and settings but also on the degree of interference waters make the appropriate adjustments based on the observation area of human economic activity. 5.2.1.2 river Dividing the river into the estuary downstream reaches, middle reaches of the river, upstream of the river and tributaries and the main stream sinks port area and other area Domain, set up a number of representative cross-sectional area in the cross section intervals ranging several kilometers to tens of kilometers (Fig. 2). At the same On a cross-section, at regular intervals to set a sample point (Fig. 2). The number and spacing of the sampling points according to the width of the river, Velocity, sediment type and degree of environmental heterogeneity set. Under normal circumstances, if the river width not exceeding 200 m, can Side set a sampling point in each section of the middle or the beach; if the width of the river at 200 m above, in each section of The middle and the left and right sides were laid one to a plurality of sampling points, sample spacing is generally at 100 ~ 200 m (Fig. 2). Section and sample Set point but also on the degree of interference of the river to make the appropriate adjustments based on the observation area is mainly human activities. Figure 1 lakes and reservoirs benthic macroinvertebrates observation sectional schematic and layout samples 4 Figure 2 rivers River benthic macroinvertebrates observation and cross-sectional schematic view sample set 5.2.1.3 wading streams and rivers When wading in mountain streams or rivers laid samples or sample lines optional flat water, rich riparian vegetation segment surface. Depending wading a stream or river sediment type, water depth and velocity, surface width, the degree of interference of human activities such as setting certain Samples. In general, the higher the degree of heterogeneity in the environment, the more the sample point setting. 5.2.2 Qualitative observations According to all kinds of benthic macroinvertebrates in the biological and ecological characteristics in the various groups of typical habitats or special habitats Set of samples or sample line, such as water large plant roots, fallen wood, leaves and stems of aquatic plants, streams or river shore stones Bottom, stones, etc., to make up for missing quantitative observations of benthic habitats in special habitats macroinvertebrate groups. 5.3 Sample Collection 5.3.1 lakes, reservoirs quantitative sample collection 5.3.1.1 mud sample collection 5.3.1.1.1 Use Sediment dredging mud sample is collected. Sampling a total sampling area of each sample point 1/8 ~ 1/3 m2. That the use of 1/16 m2 Peter students borrow or modified Peterson borrow devices (1/12 m2), dredging 2 to 4 times the thickness of the sample is generally 10 ~ 15 cm. If the lake sediment loose, we need to penetrate 20 cm of sediment. 5.3.1.1.2 requires the use of a mechanical winch when using dredging sampling in lakes, reservoirs and deep water, in strict accordance with the safe operation of Regulation Cheng operation. 5.3.1.1.3 When near lakes and reservoirs along the coast can be wading area, if snails, mussels and other invertebrates larger, you can use With net clip mud (the opening area of 1/6 m2) sampling 1 to 2 times. 5.3.1.2 Sieve wash mud 5.3.1.2.1 The harvested mud sample is poured into a plastic sampling container, use long-handled dip net to fish for the D-like mud in the lake, Reservoir water wash sieve shaking, the initial wash mud sludge samples. The washing process to keep the network up to prevent the network objects spill. Then, the remaining plastic box into the landing net sieve wash all the mud. 5.3.1.2.2 after use with network folders mud sample was taken, networked together in the water shaking sieve to wash, wash away the sludge (during operation Keeping the mouth closed network), after the clip mud from the water open, picked all the samples. 5.3.1.2.3 sample package. Each sample collected, washed sieve samples together with all the debris is loaded with a plastic ziplock bag Or plastic jar labeled (specify the collection site, sample number, date and gatherers), if necessary, in the sample Bag or vial into the same written content label. Tied it tightly capped bottle back to the laboratory or after handling. If the temperature High (higher than 33 ~ 35 ℃) or placed in the road a long time (more than 5 h), you need to add in a sample bag or vial An appropriate amount of ethanol solution (to a final concentration of about 70%) or ethanol - formaldehyde solution (from 90% ethanol and 40% formaldehyde of 9. 1 Mixture preparation) in order to prevent sample decay. 55.3.1.3 sample screening and sorting 5.3.1.3.1 sample will be screened at 40 mesh sieve, and then placed in a basin of water bottom sieve gently sway, wash The remaining sludge samples, which singled out the sieve washed debris and twigs, blades, etc. (check carefully picked doping in its Animals), will screen on the entire sample to the naked eye can see the white porcelain dish into the sorting. If the observed waters has Tubificidae Records Section (Tubificidae) and naididae (Naididae) and other distribution groups, need to use 40 mesh and 60 mesh sieve Hedge sieve. 5.3.1.3.2 The sampling too late to sort, can be washed preliminary screening of samples along with the remainder of the debris all put in a new kind Product bag, labeled with the same content of the sample label, tied it tightly after back-room to do further screening and sorting. 5.3.2 rivers quantitative sample collection Choose a different sampling method according to sediment type, water depth and other factors. 5.3.2.1 deepwater river quantitative sample collection River depth of more than 3 m, use grab borrow devices (1/4 m2) or Peterson borrow devices (if river sediment Hard, when necessary, use Kajak columnar borrow devices), with winch, mechanical winch collection. Each sample taken when Samples accumulated sampling area of about 0.5 ~ 1 m2 (1/16 m2 of Peterson dredging dredging is 8 to 16 times; grab dredging collection device 2 to 4 times; 1/6 m2 with a net between mud collected 3 to 6 times). If benthic invertebrate density distribution is small (as in River deep central region), you need to appropriately increase the sampling area (1.0 ~ 2 m2). If the density is high (such as near on both sides Shallow water), may be appropriate to reduce the sampling area (such as 0.5 m2). 5.3.2.2 can wading rivers quantitative sample collection You can use D-shaped dip net or mesh belt clip mud. When using the D-shaped dip net sampling, D-shaped landing net placed in the sample preparation Hedi, the D-shaped dip net to make straight sides (length of about 0.3 m) close to the river bottom, reverse the direction of flow from the river downstream to upstream Mobile D-shaped landing net of about 1 m, the sample with the inner agitation and water erosion into the net, collecting three small plots, with a total area of about Is 1 m2. 5.3.2.3 shallow riparian areas and wetlands can wading quantitative sample collection Can be combined with quantitative methods for the collection box (available at the lake edge lake wading wetlands can also be used this method for quantitative samples were collected set). Quantitative box (50 cm × 50 cm or 25 cm × 25 cm) is placed on the bottom sediments, and in the four corners fixed. take out Quantitative box sediment and macroinvertebrates generally collect a depth of 20 ~ 30 cm, while the direction of flow in the quantitative box Set behind a dip net to prevent sediment sample box when digging drift away, the landing net harvesting quantitative samples and frame samples collected together and. Each sample collected 2 to 4 times, or 4 to 8 times (25 cm × 25 cm using quantitative frame), total sampling area totaled about 0.25 to 1 m2 (visual density of benthic macroinvertebrates make the appropriate adjustments). 5.3.2.4 Sample Package With lakes, reservoirs sample package (5.3.1.2.3) method. 5.3.2.5 Sample selection and sorting Refer lakes, reservoirs sample screening and sorting (5.3.1.3) method. 5.3.3 streams and shallow quantitative sample collection 5.3.3.1 general geology may wading streams, shallows Can wading in streams, shallows when collecting benthic macroinvertebrates, use Sauber network for the collection, each sample Mining 2 to 5 samples. Sampling frequency and visual density of benthic macroinvertebrates make the appropriate adjustments. Sampling, the network port is on the Swim, feet or small grilled vigorously stir former Sauber quantitative network box (50 cm × 50 cm or 25 cm × 25 cm) within the sediment, Together with part of the sample of sediment are washed together with the water inside the net. And hand brush will adhere to the stone wash snails and other networks. 5.3.3.2 pebbles or gravel sediment may wading streams, shallows You can use the D-shaped dip net or mesh kick acquisition. Network can play two or one-man operation, when the two operations, one in the water Downstream shore net, another kick from upstream or agitation bottom sediment, turbid water with their feet or hands to the intranet poured so big Type invertebrates along with part of the sediment with the water washed into the net inside together. Single people can play with his back to the upstream network operation, or one foot Under 6 slam network along the network to prevent being washed from the water, a single hand net, feet kicking at the net bottom sediments within the range of 0.5 ~ 1 m2, So that sediment and macroinvertebrates are washed together in the water network. Usually 1 m kicking net, each sample collected 2-3 kick. Kick the number of visible sampling benthic macroinvertebrates density make the appropriate adjustments. When using the D-shaped dip nets may involve sampling reference Quantitative sampling river water. 5.3.3.3 Sample Package 5.3.1.2.3 lakes and reservoirs with the sample encapsulation method. 5.3.3.4 Sample selection and sorting Refer to 5.3.1.3 lakes, reservoirs and sample screening and sorting methods. 5.3.4 Qualitative Sample Collection 5.3.4.1 trawl sampling At a depth of less than 2 m of a lake or river along the shallow waters, can be used for qualitative trawl sample collection. Sampling, The trawl (with a hammer) into the water, slowly towed the boat (boat speed 5 ~ 10 km/h), to mention a certain distance after dragging network. The same line as many samples harvested along with sediment load combined with a plastic ziplock bag or plastic jar stickers On the label (collection site states, sample number, date and gatherers), after tied it tightly capped bottle back to the lab, or at Management. Samples collected in accordance with the provisions HJ 628. 5.3.4.2 dip net sampling On the river bank some special habitats, such as water large plant roots, fallen wood, large stones and other base qualitative sampling point Sample collection, you can use different types of dip net (such as D-shaped landing net). When the root of plants habitat sampling, D-shaped dip net on the root Downstream plants with kicking methods to promote bio-separation; in coarse sediment (mixed gravel, pebbles or boulders) habitat sampling, You can dip net close to the bottom sediments, kicking dip net upstream sediment within the range of 0.5 ~ 1 m2, biological separation from the sediment, After repeatedly kicking the combined sample; or straight edges D-shaped dip net close to the bottom of the river, dragging the D-shaped landing net forward so kind With the product within the agitation and water erosion into the network; the use of dip nets acquisition, should pay attention to the lower half of the net stretched as far as possible, the Along the net as much as possible close to the sediment, the network port is slightly tilted backwards. And be careful not to enter the water along the network. To be flowing through the Network After the water becomes clear, then picked up the dip net. Samples collected in accordance with the provisions HJ 628. 5.3.4.3 sampling c...

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