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HJ 710.5-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring reptiles
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Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring reptiles
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HJ 710.5-2014
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 710.5-2014 (HJ710.5-2014) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring reptiles | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z04 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,112 | | Date of Issue | 10/31/2014 | | Date of Implementation | 1/1/2015 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 7714; GB/T 8170; HJ 623; HJ 628 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | | Summary | This standard specifies the main content reptile diversity observations, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the People's Republic of China within the scope of observation reptile animal diversity. | HJ 710.5-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring reptiles---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring reptiles
People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards
Observation techniques guide the reptile biodiversity
(release
draft)
Issued on.2014-10-31
2015-01-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
Table of Contents
Preface ..ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions ..1
4 Principle 1 observation
5 Observation Method 2
6 observations contents and index 4
7 observation time and frequency 4
8 Data processing and analysis 5
9 quality control and safety management .5
Observing Reports prepared .. 5 10
Appendix A (informative) line transect/fence pitfall traps/sampling methods/labor law covering record table ..6
Annex B (informative) mark recapture record table ..7
Annex C (informative) habitat types table ..8
Annex D (informative) Classification of Human Interference .9
Annex E (informative) reptile graphic mark 10
Annex F (informative) .12 fence trap method schematic
Annex G (informative) Data processing and analysis methods ..13
Write Annex H (informative) reptiles observation reporting format ..15
Foreword
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "People's Republic of China Wild Animal Protection Law" to regulate our students
Biodiversity observation, formulation of this standard.
This standard specifies the main content reptile diversity observations, technical requirements and methods.
The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are informative appendix.
This standard is the first release.
This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Environmental Protection Department of the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Animal Research
The.
This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval.
This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation.
The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Observation techniques guide the reptile biodiversity
1 Scope
This standard specifies the main content reptile diversity observations, technical requirements and methods.
This standard applies to the People's Republic of China within the scope of observation reptile animal diversity.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard
quasi.
GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules
GB/T 8170 repair value expressed about the rules and limit values and judgment
HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity
HJ 628 genetic resources collection technical specification (Trial)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Sampling methods quadrat sampling method
It refers to the observer at a set quadrats count to see animals entity observation method.
3.2
Line transect line transect method
Refers to the observer at the observation plots along the selected route recording method of species related information appear within a certain spatial extent.
3.3
Fence pitfall traps drift fences and pitfall trapping method
Fences fence pitfall traps and pitfalls from the two parts. Fences can use animals can not climb over or skipped, with a certain degree of plastic
Tarpaulin material, plastic sheeting, tin and other materials to build, set in a straight line or knuckle shape. The inside bottom edge of the fence or (and) outside the gate along
Bar dig buried one or more trap trap trap trap may be a plastic bucket or metal cans.
3.4
Mark recapture method mark-recapture method
Refers to a well-defined area, to capture a certain number of individual animals are marked, labeled after which time back, after a
After an appropriate period (individual mark sufficiently mixed with unlabeled individual), and then calculate the recapture and population parameters.
4 observations principle
4.1 Scientific Principles
Observation plots should have a representative in the limited observation area can better reflect the observation area consisting of basic reptile
Features; should adopt a unified and standardized methods of observation can be observed crawling animal population dynamics.
4.2 operability principles
Observing programs should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, the observation plots should have some traffic conditions and work
As a condition. Should be high efficiency, low cost methods of observation.
4.3 principles of sustainability,
Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and the protection and management can play a guiding and warning role. Observations
Objects, plots, method, timing and frequency of a determined, long-term should remain fixed and can not change. To expand the scope of observation and
Strength, and we should expand the scope of observation plots based on the original amount.
4.4 Principle of protection
Choice of ecosystem destruction smaller observation methods to maximize the use of non-invasive sampling method, in order to avoid breaking the environment and animals
Bad. Avoid exceeding the frequent observation of objective need. To capture the national key protected wild animals, must obtain administrative departments in charge of Xu
can.
4.5 Security Principles
In the capture, processing potential foci of animals, according to relevant provisions of the quarantine process. More types of poisonous reptiles, observer
Should receive professional training, good security measures.
5 Methods of Observation
5.1 Observations ready
5.1.1 determine observation target
Reptiles observation may cover the following objectives. to master the region reptile species composition, distribution and population dynamics; evaluate
Effect of threats to reptiles produced; or to analyze the effectiveness of conservation measures and policies creeping animals, and propose targeted
Management measures.
5.1.2 collect observation region Info
Including geology, geomorphology, hydrology, climate, social, economic, cultural, and other biota. If you are unsure observation region reptile
Status of biodiversity, can conduct a background investigation resources for the development of the observation program ready.
5.1.3 Identify and understand the observed objects
Select the general observation target groups with different ecological needs should be in. Consideration should focus on.
a) threatened species, the state protected species and endemic species;
b) has an important social and economic values of the species;
c) the maintenance of ecosystem structure and processes play an important role in species;
d) on the environment or climate change sensitive species;
e) by the management on a strong species.
5.1.4 proposed observation program
Observations plan should include. observation target observation object sample, the sample line, setting, methods of observation plots, the content and the observation means
Standard, time and frequency of observation, data analysis and reporting, quality management and safety control.
5.1.5 observation group was established
Founded observation team, clear lines of responsibility for the observer, the observer for the professional training to master the observer field observation method thereof
Species identification and knowledge of outdoor survival skills.
5.1.6 Prepare observation equipment and instruments
Including landing net, bag, snake folders, plastic bags, sealed bags, plastic bottles, torches, headlamps, water shoes, plastic buckets, cameras,
Global Positioning System (GPS) locator, thermometers, dissolved oxygen meter, pH meter, conductivity meter, recording meter, stylus Solutions
Sectional plate, scalpels, scissors, tweezers, needle, syringe, anesthesia bottles, gauze, cotton wool, tape measure, measuring cups, wax cylinders, bulk
Needle, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sample collection tool, ethyl ether or chloroform, formaldehyde, ethanol, standing medicines.
5.2 observation sample plots
5.2.1 Stratified random sampling method to select observation plots. According to the type of habitat, climate, altitude, land use type or species.
Richness and other factors stratified. Selected plots should cover the major ecosystem types.
5.2.2 using the GPS locator observation plots accurately locate and mark the location of plots on topographic maps.
5.3 Line transect
5.3.1 In each observation sample provided at least seven transects, each transect 500 ~ 1000 m. In more complex mountain habitats, like short
Line (50 ~ 100 m) dominated. In more uniform desert habitat, wetlands and grasslands, can be used like a long line (1000 m).
5.3.2 After selecting sample lines, with a GPS locator positioning coordinates on the map marked transect lines.
5.3.3 Observation slowly forward at a speed of 2 km/h or so, each record along transects about 3 ~ 5 m, see inside the front range of 3 ~ 5 m
The type and quantity of reptiles. During travel, not collect specimens or photographs. Not repeat count of the same individual only, not counting behind
Reptiles (see Table records Appendix A). Usually two people cooperate, one observation, report type and quantity of the other people fill in a form to register.
5.4 sampling method
5.4.1 random observations in the sample or even set up a number of plots, plots should be possible to cover the different habitat types and environments ladder
degree. Quadrat generally set square, the size can be set to 5 m × 5 m or 20 m × 20 m. Each sample shall interval 100 m or more.
Each observation plots number of samples shall in seven more.
5.4.2 Records within plots to see the type and number of individuals of all reptiles (See Appendix A, Table Records). Followed by open plots within the stone
Blocks, individual stones under review.
5.5 fence pitfall traps
5.5.1 fence pitfall traps usually a "one" fence traps and "cross" fence traps (F in Figure Appendix F.1).
5.5.2 fence supported by stakes made of polyethylene or other soft material to vertical shape, the height of the object based on the observation of the habits and
, Generally between 30 ~ 100 cm. The bottom of the fence buried at least 20 cm, under the Prevention of animals in their burrows climb.
5.5.3 trap is buried keg, barrel edge ground flat (Appendix F Figure F.2), close to the edge of the trap fence. Spreading bottom of the barrel
A thin layer of leaves or other debris covering the soft light. Observations before the specifications trap response experimental design. In wetter areas or rain
Season, the bottom of the trap should be provided with drain holes, but be careful not be too large diameter drainage holes, so as to avoid the animals to escape.
5.5.4 In the ground hard, not digging bucket buried where traps can use wire mesh-like material made of tubular funnel trap, the main
Body is a cylinder, one end or both ends of each of a funnel (Appendix F in Figure F.3), the animals easily into the easy out. Aquatic turtles can capture
Use a funnel to place bait trap or capture net. Water trap must have some out of the water, so as not to suffocate turtles captured
Death.
5.5.5 Each observation plots provided with at least five traps, implementation of the three times repeated measures (see table records Appendix A).
5.5.6 checked daily trap animals for distribution the next day farther traps can be checked. In the dry climate, high temperature and other harsh environmental conditions
Under parts, every 2 ~ 4 h should be checked once a trap to prevent the captured animal dies. Check the traps should pay attention to protection, you can not move hurt
Was not to be hurt animal itself.
Fences and traps must be fully recovered after the end of the observation 5.5.7.
5.6 Method of artificial covering
5.6.1 Each observation plots set three to five plots (each plot shall interval 100 m above), set 25 overlay each quadrat
(Arranged in a matrix, each row, each column each 5). Each covering using tiles or wood, size 30 cm × 20 cm or more, spacing
5 m. This method is suitable for grasslands, wetlands, bush, beaches, farmland and other natural habitats less hidden objects.
5.6.2 Check once a day, recording reptile mulch under the (record form in Appendix A). For covering the distribution of distant plots,
You can check the next day. Each for 6 to 10 days. The law as complex mark-recapture method with better results.
5.6.3 flip cover should wear protective gloves or use the appropriate tools to probe animals to prevent injuries to fingers or animal bites, especially anti
Only bitten.
5.7 mark-recapture method
5.7.1 mark-recapture method should meet the following prerequisites. sampling is random, mark the individual and not the individual mark-recapture arrested at Almost
Equal rate; tag is not lost; marking process should be as short as possible.
5.7.2 Within each observation plots, plots set up three to five 50 m × 50 m to 100 m × 100 m, and capture all observations within plots
Marked (recording sheet see Appendix B) after an object.
5.7.3 For geckos and small lizards can be cut (toe) labeling for snakes, turtles and lizards can be injected large green
The method was a tag labeled for turtles can also be labeled (see Appendix E) in the shell edge notch or drilling, for crocodile
Colored plastic sheet can be fixed to be marked on the tail protruding scales.
5.7.4 markers and labeling methods should not harm the body of reptiles; tag not too eye-catching; tag should be durable enough
To maintain the entire observation period.
5.8 species identification and DNA testing
5.8.1 Fauna and other books based on identification of reptile species of animals.
5.8.2 For wild species can not be accurately identified, shall collect voucher specimens or take a picture, information about expert assistant. Samples were collected
Set to perform in accordance with the provisions of HJ 628.
5.8.3 taken to the adult samples should be placed in a bag with good ventilation. Each sample bag placed not too much. Toxic and no
Viper class bag should be separated. Reptiles temporary storage bag can put a little wet napkins group, in the short term as reptiles
Provide drinking water, will not place the reptile bag is placed in the sun, in hot weather can not be placed in the car, in order to avoid
His death.
5.8.4 experimental material extraction and preservation. Take blood aliquot mounted labeled test tube. Number of samples taken each record
Species name, collection date, location, and other information collection staff. The samples were collected and stored by immersion concentration of 95% ethanol at -20 ℃
refrigerator.
5.8.5 DNA extraction. First, the sample pretreatment, and then using phenol - chloroform extraction method, a guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN) crack
Solution, Chelex-100 boiling, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) two-step method to extract DNA.
5.8.6 PCR amplification reaction polymorphism analysis and DNA. Select the appropriate genetic markers (such as mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, etc.), by
PCR amplification of specific fragments were then sequencing or genotyping, thereby performing genetic structure.
6 observations contents and index
6.1 Reptiles observed mainly include observation region crawling animal species composition, spatial distribution, population dynamics, threatened
Extent, habitat status.
6.2 Reptiles observations should be clearly defined, measurable, simple and practical, data acquisition costs are relatively low.
6.3 Reptiles observations crawling animal species composition, regional distribution, population size, sex ratio, the breeding habits, diet,
Population genetic structure, habitat type, type of activity and human disturbance intensity, environmental factors, food abundance (Table 1).
Table 1 observation contents and index reptiles
Content observations observation method of observing
Now habitat types and field survey data
Hydrology, climate, weather and other environmental factors and field survey data Buyers
Diet and food abundance field survey habitat condition and extent of the threat
Land use change, pollution, over-exploitation, invasive species
Intrusion and other threats
Now data and field surveys
Species composition and regional distribution line transect/fence pitfall traps/sample preparation/artificial cover
It was French/mark-recapture method
Population line transect/fence pitfall traps/sample preparation/artificial cover
It was French/mark-recapture method
Than the fence pitfall traps/sample preparation/artificial covering method/standard
Hutchison recapture method
Breeding Habits field survey
Reptiles Animal Community Characteristics
Population genetic structure fence pitfall traps/sample preparation/artificial covering method/standard
Hutchison recapture method
7 observation time and frequency
7.1 According reptiles living habits and climatic conditions, general observations three times a year, at high latitudes and high altitudes can be appropriately reduced twice.
Wherein one observation reptile breeding season initiated and completed, other secondary observation before and after its completion, respectively. Each observation in 10 d
Appropriate. Two observations should be adjacent to at least one month interval.
7.2 Reptiles greater impact by changes in ambient temperature should be selected based on their observation time activity peak. Observation time of the root per day
According to event species of rhythm, habits OK.
7.3 observation frequency and time, once established, should remain unchanged for a long, not free to change. Note also that you chose when observing weather conditions
Member Similarly, when inclement weather, can be appropriately extended.
7.4 Ruoyin needs of the target observation and scientific research, the need to increase the frequency of observation, observation times should be increased on the basis of the original observed frequencies
number.
8 Data processing and analysis
Data processing and analysis methods see Appendix G.
9 quality control and safety management
9.1 Sample set of quality control
Strict observation to determine the size and location of sampling sites in accordance with standards. Setting sample lines and plots to ensure randomness and representativeness.
9.2 Quality Control of field observation
The observer should have observed regulatory requirements, to participate in professional training, on time, by volume, required to complete the observation and sampling
task. Tests and numerical calculations are performed according to the provisions of GB/T 8170's. Records should be bound into a book form, page, complete content, the writing should be
Clear, correct if necessary, should erroneous data (text) on the uniform horizontal line at the top of its content written on the right and the crossed out
Modified By Name or stamped signature to take responsibility.
9.3 Data Quality Control
Establish a data audit procedures, comprehensive and detailed review of the accuracy and completeness of the observational data, suspicious, missing data should be
Remedy to convert data into a variety of electronic documents. All observation data and documents to back up. Every six months to check and update the backup data
Once, prevent data loss problems caused by the storage medium.
9.4 Field security
Purchase of the necessary protective equipment, Safety protection against snakes and insect bites, if necessary, the observer must be vaccinated in advance
vaccine. In ensuring the safety of the situation before observed, to avoid single job.
Observing Reports prepared 10
Reptiles observation report should include the introduction, before the observation area, methods of observation, crawling animal species composition, regional distribution,
Population dynamics, threats, suggestions and the like. Observation report writing format, see Appendix H.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Line transects/fence pitfall traps/sampling methods/labor record table covering law
Animal Line transects/fence trap method/standard sampling method crawling/labor law covering observations recorded in Table A.
Table A line transect/fence pitfall traps/sampling methods/labor record table covering law
Observation plots. sample line/trap/plots number.
Date. Start time. End time. observer. recorder.
Altitude. Longitude. Latitude. Wind. calm/wind/Medium/Strong
Weather. Temperature. the type and extent of human disturbance.
Water temperature. pH value. Depth. shore vegetation types. (applies to aquatic reptile)
No. Name Number Chinese name
Male and female juveniles
Habitat type of behavior Type Notes
Note. The behavior type recording codes. 1. basking; 2 sports; 3 mating; 4 battle; foraging 5; 6 rest...
Appendix B
(Informative)
Mark recapture record form
Standard reptile mark recapture observations recorded in Table B.
Table B mark recapture record form
Observation plots. Number plots. Date.
Start time. End time. observer. recorder.
Altitude. Longitude. Latitude. Wind. calm/wind/Medium/Strong
Weather. Temperature. the type and extent of human disturbance.
Water temperature. pH value. Depth. shore vegetation types. (applies to aquatic reptile)
Recapture
Chinese name Scientific name
ÛA "Ë
Habitat Type Notes
Reacquisition Time markers Habitat Remarks
Appendix C
(Informative)
Habitat type table
Standard observational survey of habitat types in Table C.
Table C habitat type table
The first level is divided into A to I, the first level consists of a number of second-level habitat types. The first and second levels of habitat types were selected item.
A forest of trees and shrubbery B Deforested Lands
1. Rainforest
2. mo...
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