Search result: HJ 589-2021 (HJ 589-2010 Older version)
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Technical Specifications for Emergency Monitoring in Environmental Accidents
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Technical specifications for emergency monitoring in abrupt environmental accidents
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| Standard ID | HJ 589-2021 (HJ589-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard |
HJ 589-2010
Technical specifications for emergency monitoring in abrupt environmental accidents
National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic
Technical specification for emergency monitoring of sudden environmental incidents
Technical specifications for emergency monitoring
In abrupt environmental accidents
Released on.2010-10-19
2011-01-01 Implementation
Ministry of Environmental Protection released
Ministry of Environmental Protection
announcement
No. 76 of.2010
In order to implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", protect the environment, and protect human health, we are now approved to provide emergency monitoring of environmental emergencies.
The Technical Specifications for Testing is a national environmental protection standard and is issued.
The standard name and number are as follows.
The standard was implemented on January 1,.2011 and published by the China Environmental Science Press. The standard content can be found on the website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Special announcement.
October 19,.2010
Content
Foreword..iv
1 Scope..1
2 Normative references..1
3 Terms and Definitions.1
4 sampling points and on-site monitoring 2
5 sample management..5
6 Monitoring projects and analytical methods 6
7 Data Processing and Monitoring Report 8
Appendix A (informative appendix) Outline of the preparation of emergency monitoring plans for emergencies.10
Iv
Foreword
To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China"
Dyeing Prevention and Control Law and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes to prevent environmental pollution, improve environmental quality, and standardize sudden
Environmental standards emergency monitoring, the development of this standard.
This standard specifies the layout, sampling and monitoring items for emergency environmental emergency monitoring and corresponding on-site monitoring and laboratory monitoring analysis.
Technical requirements for methods, monitoring data processing and quality assurance of reporting and monitoring.
This standard is the first release.
Appendix A of this standard is an informative annex.
This standard was formulated by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard is mainly drafted by. China Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on October 19,.2010.
This standard has been implemented since January 1,.2011.
This standard is explained by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Technical specification for emergency monitoring of sudden environmental incidents
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the layout, sampling and monitoring items for emergency environmental emergency monitoring and corresponding on-site monitoring and laboratory monitoring analysis.
Technical requirements for methods, monitoring data processing and quality assurance of reporting and monitoring.
This standard applies to the production, operation, storage, transportation, use and disposal of hazardous chemicals or hazardous waste as well as unexpected factors or
Emergency monitoring of sudden environmental events caused by resistance to natural disasters, etc., including surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and soil environment
Emergency monitoring.
This standard does not apply to nuclear pollution incidents, marine pollution incidents, pollution incidents involving military installations, biological and microbial pollution incidents, etc.
Emergency monitoring.
2 Normative references
The contents of this specification refer to the following documents or their terms. For undated references, the valid version applies to this standard.
quasi.
GB 3095 Ambient Air Quality Standard
GB 3838 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard
GB 15618 Soil Environmental Quality Standard
GB/T 8170 Numerical Rounding Rules and Representation and Determination of Limit Values
GB/T 14848 Groundwater Quality Standard
HJ/T 55 Technical Guidelines for the Monitoring of Unorganized Emissions of Air Pollutants
HJ/T 91 Surface Water and Wastewater Monitoring Technical Specifications
HJ/T 164 Technical Specifications for Groundwater Environmental Monitoring
HJ/T 166 Technical Specifications for Soil Environmental Monitoring
HJ/T 193 Technical Specifications for Automatic Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality
HJ/T 194 Technical Specifications for Manual Air Quality Monitoring
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Abrupt environmental accidents
Refers to economic, social activities and behaviors due to violations of environmental protection regulations, as well as unexpected factors or irresistible natural disasters.
Emission of toxic and harmful pollutants in a short or short period of time, causing serious pollution and damage to surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and soil environment
Bad, a vicious incident that causes losses to the social economy and people's lives and property.
3.2
Emergency monitoring
Refers to the monitoring of pollutants, pollutant concentrations and pollution ranges after a sudden environmental incident.
3.3
Instant sample
Refers to a single sample that is randomly collected from surface water, groundwater, atmosphere, and soil, usually at random in a certain time and place.
take.
3.4
Sampling section (point) sampling section (point)
Refers to the entire profile (point) of surface water, groundwater, atmospheric and soil samples collected after a sudden environmental incident.
3.4.1
Comparison section (point) comparison section (point)
Refers to the specific evaluation of the environmental pollution level of a sudden environmental event area, located outside the pollution accident area, can provide this area ring
The section (point) of the background value.
3.4.2
Control section (point) controlling section (point)
Refers to the understanding of the degree of pollution and its changes in surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and soil environment after the occurrence of environmental emergencies.
Section (point).
3.4.3
Decreasing section (point)
Refers to the occurrence of sudden environmental events, the pollutants flow through a certain distance in the water to achieve maximum mixing, due to dilution, diffusion and degradation
The effect is that the main pollutant concentration has a significantly reduced cross section.
3.5
Track monitoring
Refers to continuous monitoring after sudden environmental events in order to grasp the degree of pollution, scope and trends, until surface water and land
The sewage, atmosphere and soil environment returned to normal.
3.6
Mobile pollution source
Refers to the discharge of toxic and harmful pollutants in an instantaneous or short period of time due to sudden environmental events during transportation, resulting in environmental pollution.
source.
3.7
Stationary pollution source
Refers to fixed places such as industrial enterprises or other units that emit toxic and harmful pollutants in a short or short time due to sudden environmental events.
A source of environmental pollution.
4 sampling points and on-site monitoring
4.1 Distribution
4.1.1 Principle of Distribution
The sampling section (point) is generally set at the place where the environmental incident occurs and its vicinity, and must focus on the crowd and life ring.
To focus on the impacts on drinking water sources, air in the crowded areas, farmland soils, etc., and to rationally set up monitoring sections (points).
In order to grasp the status of pollution occurrence and reflect the pollution degree and scope of the environment in which the accident occurred.
Control surface (point) and control section (point) shall be set for surface water, groundwater, atmosphere and soil contaminated by sudden environmental events.
The surface water and groundwater should also be provided with a reduction section, and as far as possible, obtain sufficient representative information required with the smallest section (point).
The feasibility and convenience of sampling must be considered.
4.1.2 Distribution method
According to the specific situation of the pollution site and the characteristics of the contaminated area, the layout is carried out.
4.1.2.1 The monitoring points of fixed pollution sources and mobile pollution sources shall be generated according to the specific conditions of the site.
The sampling points are arranged separately for the bits or different containers.
4.1.2.2 The monitoring of rivers should be placed at the place where the accident occurred and downstream, and a control section should be laid at a certain distance upstream of the accident site.
(point); if the flow rate of the river current is small or basically static, it can be sampled in different water layers according to the characteristics of the pollutant;
A sampling section (point) must be set at the water intake and the water intake of the agricultural irrigation area.
4.1.2.3 The sampling point layout of the lake (library) shall be centered at the place where the accident occurred, and at a certain interval of fan-shaped or circular points according to the direction of water flow,
According to the characteristics of the pollutants, it is sampled in different water layers, and according to the flow direction of the water, a control section (point) is arranged at an appropriate distance upstream;
When necessary, set the sampling section (dot) at the water outlet of the lake (base) and the water intake of the drinking water.
4.1.2.4 The monitoring of groundwater should be based on the location of the accident, and the monitoring of the groundwater flow in the region should be carried out by grid method or radiation method.
Well sampling, while depending on the main source of groundwater recharge, set up the control monitoring well sampling in the vertical direction perpendicular to the groundwater flow;
A sampling point must be set for the water intake of the drinking water source.
4.1.2.5 The monitoring of the atmosphere shall be centered at the location of the accident, in a fan-shaped or circular arrangement at a certain interval in the downwind direction, and according to the pollutants
The characteristics are sampled at different heights, and control points are placed at appropriate locations in the upwind of the accident point; in residential areas that may be affected by pollution
Or sensitive points such as the crowd activity area must set sampling points. During the sampling process, attention should be paid to the wind direction change, and the sampling point position should be adjusted in time.
4.1.2.6 The monitoring of the soil should be based on the location of the accident, sampling at a certain interval of circular points, and according to the characteristics of the pollutants,
Simultaneous depth sampling, simultaneous collection of control samples, and crop samples taken near the accident site if necessary.
4.1.2.7 According to the solubility, density and other characteristics of the pollutants in the water, the pollutants that are easy to deposit on the bottom of the water, if necessary, the sampling of the substrate
Pastry).
4.2 Sampling
4.2.1 Preparation before sampling
4.2.1.1 Sampling plan development. The sampling plan should be initially formulated according to the emergency monitoring plan for emergency environmental incidents, including the principle of distribution,
Frequency of monitoring, sampling method, monitoring project, sampling personnel and division of labor, sampling equipment, safety equipment, necessary simple and fast detector
Materials, etc., if necessary, develop a more detailed sampling plan based on the specific situation of the accident site.
4.2.1.2 Preparation of sampling equipment. The sampling equipment mainly refers to the sampler and sample container. The common equipment materials and washing requirements can refer to the phase.
The technical specifications for water, atmosphere and soil monitoring should be specially equipped with a set of sampling equipment for emergency monitoring. In addition, it can also benefit
Sampling with local water quality or atmospheric automatic online monitoring equipment.
4.2.2 Sampling method and determination of sampling amount
4.2.2.1 Emergency monitoring usually collects instantaneous samples. The sampling amount is determined according to the analysis items and analysis methods. The sampling amount should also meet the sample retention requirements.
begging.
4.2.2.2 After the occurrence of pollution, the source of the pollution source should be collected first, paying attention to the representativeness of the sampling.
4.2.2.3 For specific sampling methods and sampling quantities, refer to HJ/T 91, HJ/T 164, HJ/T 194, HJ/T 193, HJ/T 55 and HJ/T 166.
4.2.3 Determination of sampling range or sampling section (point)
After the sampling personnel arrive at the scene, the sampling and control areas should be quickly delineated according to the specific conditions of the accident place.
Set the sampling section (point).
4.2.4 Determination of sampling frequency
The sampling frequency is mainly determined according to the site pollution status. When the accident occurs, the sampling frequency can be increased appropriately.
After the law, the sampling frequency can be reduced. According to the different environmental area functions and the actual situation of pollution in the accident place, we strive to use the lowest sampling frequency.
Secondly, the most representative samples are obtained, which meets the requirements of reflecting the degree and scope of environmental pollution and is feasible.
4.2.5 Sampling considerations
a) Determine whether to perform stratified sampling based on the characteristics of the contaminant (density, volatility, solubility, etc.).
b) According to the characteristics of the pollutants (organic matter, inorganic matter, etc.), containers of different materials are used to store the samples.
c) Do not agitate the bottom sediment when collecting water samples. If necessary, collect the sediment samples from the accident site.
d) The gas collection sample shall not exceed the absorption limit of the adsorption tube or absorption liquid used.
e) After collecting the sample, the sample container should be tightly closed, sealed, and the sample label attached. The contents of the sample label are described in 5.2.2.
f) After the sampling is completed, the sampling plan, sampling records and samples should be checked. If there is any error or missing, it should be re-harvested or replenished immediately.
4.2.6 On-site sampling records
The on-site sampling record is the first-hand information for emergency monitoring of environmental emergencies. It must be recorded truthfully and completed on site.
To make full use of the routine routine monitoring form for specification records, at least the following information should be included.
a) The time and place of the accident, the name and contact information of the pollution accident unit.
b) On-site diagram, if necessary, on-site video recording and photographing of the sampling section (point) and surrounding conditions, especially indicating the sampling section
(Point) The iconic features of the location such as buildings, bridges, etc.
c) Monitoring implementation plans, including monitoring items (if possible), sampling sections (points), frequency of monitoring, sampling time, etc.
d) Description of the scene of the accident and the cause of the accident.
e) Necessary hydrometeorological parameters (such as water temperature, water flow direction, flow rate, temperature, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, etc.).
f) The name of the contaminant, the amount of loss and the extent of the impact (degree); if possible, a brief description of the harmful characteristics of the contaminant.
g) Collect as much information as possible about environmental incidents, such as containers and labels containing toxic and hazardous pollutants, especially
It is information such as foreign language labels for verification.
h) The signature of the sampler and the auditor.
4.2.7 Tracking and monitoring sampling
4.2.7.1 After the pollutants enter the surrounding environment, their concentration will gradually decrease with the effects of dilution, diffusion and degradation. In order to grasp things
Therefore, the degree of pollution, scope and trends after occurrence often require continuous follow-up monitoring until the environment returns to normal or meets the standards.
4.2.7.2 In the case of unclear liability for pollution accidents, reverse tracking and monitoring methods for identifying characteristic pollutants may be used to trace and determine pollution.
The person responsible for the source or accident.
4.2.8 Quality assurance of sampling
4.2.8.1 The sampling personnel must be trained and certified to be able to grasp the sampling technology of environmental pollution accidents, and be familiar with the sampling equipment.
Use and sample collection (enrichment), fixation, storage, transportation conditions.
4.2.8.2 Sampling instruments should be used during the calibration cycle for routine maintenance and maintenance to ensure that the equipment is always in good condition.
State, the instrument should be inspected before leaving the laboratory.
4.2.8.3 Other quality assurance measures for sampling may be performed with reference to the corresponding monitoring technical specifications.
4.3 On-site monitoring
4.3.1 Determination principle of on-site monitoring equipment
It should be able to quickly identify and identify pollutants, and can give qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative test results, direct reading, easy to use, easy to use
For carrying, the pretreatment requirements for the sample are low.
4.3.2 Preparation of on-site monitoring equipment
According to local actual and national environmental monitoring station construction standards, configure common on-site monitoring equipment, such as test strips, fast
Rapid detection instruments such as speed detection tubes and portable monitoring instruments. When needed, configure a portable gas chromatograph, portable infrared spectrometer,
Emergency monitoring instruments such as portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometers.
4.3.3 On-site monitoring projects and analytical methods
Any monitoring project with on-site measurement conditions should be measured on site as much as possible. If necessary, collect another sample for laboratory analysis
Determine to confirm the qualitative or quantitative analysis results of the site.
4.3.3.1 The test paper, quick test tube and portable monitoring instrument can be used according to the corresponding instructions.
Take care to avoid interference from other substances.
4.3.3.2 When measuring with test strips, rapid test tubes and portable monitoring instruments, at least two consecutive measurements shall be taken in parallel to confirm
On-site measurement results; if necessary, send the laboratory to confirm and identify the on-site monitoring results using different analytical methods.
4.3.3.3 Used test strips and rapid test tubes should be disposed of properly.
4.3.4 On-site monitoring records
The on-site monitoring record is one of the basis for reporting the results of emergency monitoring. It should be recorded according to the format specification to ensure that the information is complete and can be fully utilized.
Regulatory monitoring forms for regulatory records, including environmental conditions, analytical items, analytical methods, date of analysis, sample type, instrumentation
Name, instrument model, instrument number, measurement result, schematic diagram of monitoring section (point), analyst, auditor, auditor
Name, etc., as needed, and where possible, record meteorological and hydrological information such as wind direction, wind speed, water flow direction, and flow rate.
4.3.5 Quality assurance of on-site monitoring
4.3.5.1 Portable monitoring instruments used for emergency monitoring shall be periodically verified/calibrated or verified, and routinely maintained and maintained.
The equipment is always in good technical condition and must be inspected before use.
4.3.5.2 Test strips, rapid test tubes, etc. shall be kept in accordance with the specified storage requirements and guaranteed to be used within the validity period. Should be used regularly
The reference material shall be inspected for the performance test of the test paper and the rapid test tube. If the validity period is one year, it shall be carried out at least once every six months.
4.4 Safety protection for sampling and on-site monitoring
Emergency monitoring personnel entering the scene of a sudden environmental incident must pay attention to their own safety protection and are unfamiliar with the accident scene and cannot confirm
Wear necessary protective equipment (such as protective clothing, anti-bacterial respirators, etc.) on site or not in accordance with regulations, without the permission of on-site command/warning personnel.
Sampling and monitoring should not be carried out at the scene of the accident.
4.4.1 Preparation of safety equipment for sampling and on-site monitoring personnel
All localities should be equipped with necessary on-site monitoring personnel safety protection equipment according to local conditions. Commonly used are.
a) On-site measuring instrument such as detonation meter, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, chlorine gas, ammonia, etc.
b) protective clothing, protective gloves, rubber boots and other protective products that prevent acid and alkali and prevent organic substances from penetrating.
c) All kinds of gas masks, anti-virus respirators (with oxygen breathing apparatus) and commonly used antidote drugs.
d) Explosion-proof emergency lights, eye-catching helmets, vests with distinctive signs (colorful and fluorescent reflectors), life jackets, protective gear
Full belt (rope), call for help, etc.
4.4.2 Sampling and on-site monitoring safety issues
4.4.2.1 Emergency monitoring, at least two people walking together.
4.4.2.2 Entering the scene of the accident for sampling and monitoring shall be approved by the on-site command/alert personnel, and in the case of confirming safety,
Wear necessary protective equipment (such as protective clothing, anti-bacterial respirators, etc.).
4.4.2.3 Emergency monitoring vehicles entering the site of inflammable and explosive accidents shall have fireproof and explosion-proof safety devices, and shall be used for explosion-proof on-site emergency supervision.
Test equipment (including accessories such as power supply) for on-site monitoring, or use on-site emergency monitoring equipment to confirm safety
On-site monitoring.
4.4.2.4 Wear a life jacket or wear a protective harness (rope) when entering the water or ascending the sample.
5 sample management
5.1 Sample Management Purpose
The purpose of sample management is to ensure that samples are collected, stored, transported, received, analyzed, and disposed of in an orderly manner to ensure samples.
Always in a controlled state during the delivery process.
5.2 sample mark
5.2.1 Samples should be classified in a certain way, such as by environmental factors or other methods, and on the sample label and on-site.
The corresponding uniqueness mark is recorded on the sample record.
5.2.2 The sample mark shall contain at least the sample number, sampling location, monitoring items (if possible), sampling time, sampler, etc.
5.2.3 Apply special signs (such as patterns and texts) to toxic and harmful, flammable and explosive samples, especially pollution source samples.
5.3 Sample storage
In addition to the on-site measurement project, samples that need to be sent to the laboratory for analysis should be stored in a suitable storage container and sample storage method.
Put and save.
5.3.1 According to the traits and monitoring items of different samples, select the appropriate container to store the sample.
5.3.2 Select the appropriate sample preservation method and storage conditions such as storage conditions to avoid changes in the sample during storage and transportation.
Turn. Emergency samples that are flammable, explosive, and toxic and hazardous must be stored separately to ensure safety.
5.4 Sample......
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