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(Technical Regulations for Prevention and Control of Lacquer Tree Diseases and Pests)
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GH/T 1300-2020
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PDF similar to GHT1300-2020
Standard similar to GHT1300-2020 LY/T 2407 GB/T 30762 GH/T 1299 Basic data | Standard ID | GH/T 1300-2020 (GH/T1300-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | (Technical Regulations for Prevention and Control of Lacquer Tree Diseases and Pests) | | Sector / Industry | Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B60/79 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.020.20 | | Date of Issue | 2020-06-04 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-09-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Industry Standard Information Service Platform (2020.07.22) | | Issuing agency(ies) | All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives | GHT1300-2020: (Technical Regulations for Prevention and Control of Lacquer Tree Diseases and Pests)
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Technical regulations for the prevention and control of lacquer tree diseases and insect pests
ICS 65.020.20
B 60/79
GH
Industry Standards for Supply and Marketing Cooperation of the People's Republic of China
Technical Regulations for Prevention and Control of Lacquer Diseases and Pests
2020-06-04 release
2020-09-01 Implementation
Released by China National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives
Table of contents
Foreword...II
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
3.1 Control peiod...1
3.2 Poison bait...1
4 Principles of Controlling Lacquer Diseases and Pests...1
4.1 Prevention first, comprehensive prevention...1
4.2 Timely treatment...1
5 Agricultural control...1
5.1 Select and plant disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties...2
5.2 Stubble plowing, crop rotation and drainage in nursery...2
5.3 Elimination of pest breeding sites...2
5.4 Strengthen the management of lacquer forest tending and enhance tree vigor...2
5.5 Reasonable layout...2
6 Biological Control...2
6.1 Natural protection...2
6.2 Biological environmental protection pesticide...2
7 Physical control...2
7.1 Manual hunting...2
7.2 Booby...3
8 Chemical control...3
8.1 Identification of Pests...3
8.2 Reasonable application...3
9 The control period and control methods of the main diseases of sumac...3
9.1 Prevention and Control of Lacquer Tree Diseases...3
9.2 Control of Lacquer Pests...3
9.3 Period of pest control...3
10 Pest Control Record...3
10.1 Make a good record of the pest control process and control results...4
10.2 Record keeping...4
Foreword
The structure, technical elements and expression rules of this standard are in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2020 (Part One of the Standardization Guidelines, the standard structure and
Form writing rules) for writing;
This standard was proposed by the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives;
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives;
Drafting organizations of this standard. All China Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Xi'an Raw Lacquer Coating Research Institute, Shaanxi Leading National Lacquer Cultural Industry Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhao Rui, Li Yan, Ren Hongyan, Li Dongxu, Yang Shixin, Zhang Tingting, Zhang Juanni, Zhang Feilong.
Technical Regulations for Prevention and Control of Lacquer Diseases and Pests
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, basic principles, main diseases and insect pests of lacquer tree, control period, control methods and records
And other technical specifications.
This standard applies to the prevention and control of lacquer diseases and insect pests in areas suitable for lacquer trees.
2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard after being quoted in this standard. For dated reference documents, all subsequent
The amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this section.
GB/T 8321 (all parts) Guidelines for the rational use of pesticides
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1 Optimal control period
During the growth process of pests such as diseases and pests, the most effective control period is appropriate.
4 Principles of Controlling Lacquer Diseases and Pests
4.1 Prevention first, comprehensive prevention
Adhere to the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention.
4.2 Timely treatment
The principle of timely and effective treatment of pests and diseases to prevent spread and spread as much as possible.
5 Agricultural control
5.1 Select and plant disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties
For common and frequently-occurring insects in this area, select and plant sumac species with strong disease resistance and insect resistance.
5.2 Stubble, crop rotation and drainage in nursery
Continuous nursery cultivation in the nursery should not exceed two years. The nursery seedling density should not be too large, so that the lacquer tree seedlings are well ventilated and light, and the terrain is low
And when it is overcast and rainy, ditch the drainage well.
5.3 Elimination of pest breeding sites
Before the eggs hatch, remove the litter and weeds in the forest, destroy them or bury them deeply to reduce the number of adults.
5.4 Strengthen the management of lacquer forest tending and enhance tree vigor.
Strengthen soil, fertilizer and water management, cultivate robust plants, and improve disease resistance.
5.5 Reasonable layout
Lacquer tree and lacquer tree, lacquer tree and other tree species should be arranged reasonably, pay attention to the spacing, and not be too dense.
6 Biological control
6.1 Natural protection
Use beneficial insects in nature and artificially released insects to control pest damage, such as using and protecting ladybugs, parasitic wasps, birds, etc.
Natural enemy creatures, reducing damage to natural enemies due to human factors.
6.2 Biological pesticides
Directly use biologically active substances produced by organisms or living organisms as pesticides to prevent and control sumac tree pests and diseases.
7 Physical control
7.1 Manual hunting
Manually catch pests that are large in size or that do not meet the control target fields, and remove larvae, egg masses or cocoons with cluster damage.
7.2 Booby
Take advantage of the pest’s phagotropism, chemotaxis, and phototaxis, and use poison bait, bait wood, swatch, dive site or black light lamp to trap and kill pests.
8 Chemical control
8.1 Identification of Pests
Correct and scientifically identify the types of pests.
8.2 Principles of application
Master the pesticides that are suitable for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and it is strictly prohibited to apply pesticides blindly. Choose high efficiency, low toxicity, proper amount, proper concentration and environmentally friendly
Type pesticides, the use of pesticides banned by the state is strictly prohibited, and strictly follow the GB/T 8321 guidelines for the rational use of pesticides. According to the medication operation rules
Correct operation to ensure the safety of drug users.
9 Main plant diseases and insect pests of sumac and their control period
9.1 Prevention and Control of Lacquer Tree Diseases
The main diseases of sumac are anthracnose, brown spot, leaf mold, felt disease, root rot, coal pollution, mosaic disease and other diseases. Appendix A, Paint
Occurrence rules and characteristics of tree diseases.
9.2 Control of Lacquer Pests
The main pests of sumac tree include lacquer leaf beetle, camphor silkworm, four-pointed beetle, aphids, cutworms, grubs, caterpillars and other pests. Appendix B Sumac
Occurrence rules and characteristics of main pests.
9.3 Suitable time for pest control
In a year or a growing season, the whole process of the disease development of sumac is generally divided into three periods. first onset, full onset and last onset. Appendix C,
The suitable period and methods for the prevention and control of the main diseases of the sumac, Appendix D, the suitable period and methods for the prevention and control of the main pests of the sumac.
10 Pest control records
10.1 Keep records of the pest control process and control results
The process of pest control should be well recorded, including control methods, types of medicines, etc., and the control effect should be regularly observed after control.
Or the result of drug damage should be attributed to the cause and remedial measures should be taken, and records should be made.
10.2 Record keeping
Control records should be kept for a long time, and if possible, they should be recorded and archived in electronic form.
Appendix A
(Normative appendix)
Occurrence rules and characteristics of lacquer tree diseases
1 Anthrax
1.1 Pathogen
It belongs to the order of the imperfect fungus, Colletotrichum, with colorless spores, single-celled, round and oval.
12 Onset law
It mainly harms the stems of seedlings, but also the petioles and leaves. The victimized department turned black first, and finally died. Dead parts will appear when the humidity is high
Small pink dots, this is the conidia pile. If the dead part is at the top tip of the stem, the lower part is still alive and the axillary buds will sprout
Hair replaces the growth of terminal buds. If the dead part occurs in the lower part of the stem, the entire seedling will die. The disease develops in high temperature after rain in August
Serious illness.
2 Brown pandemic
2.1 Pathogen
It is a kind of deuteromycetes of the order Sphaeropsis. The conidia are spherical, carbonaceous, round to elliptical, single-celled, and light-colored.
2.2 Onset law
Mainly damage the leaves. The lesions are brown and large, usually developing inward along the leaf margins, with obvious edges and striated patterns with small black spots scattered on them
The color is small, the small spots are covered by the epidermis in the early stage and exposed in the later stage. In severe cases, the leaves can wither and fall off, affecting the growth of trees and the yield of sumac.
3 Leaf mold
3.1 Pathogen
Belongs to a kind of deuteromycetes.
3.2 Onset law
Mainly damage the leaves, the lesions are gray-black with purplish edges, the size of the lesions varies, the edges are not neat, and the lesions are sparse
Black dots, this is the pathogen
Conidia and conidiophore. The disease is severe in hot and rainy seasons and develops rapidly. When conditions are right, a large number of leaves
Injured and die off.
4 Felt disease
4.1 Pathogen
Caused by the hazard of quadruped mites
4.2 The law of incidence
After the sumac tree is injured, the tissue cells are stimulated to proliferate and form hairs, which are light green at first, and then turn to khaki. As a result, the plant
The tissues change into strange shapes. For example, the injured axillary buds can become cockscomb-shaped, and the injured terminal buds can become rod-shaped. After the leaves are injured, the back is sunken and the surface
Protruding, or felt-like.
5 root rot
5.1 Pathogen
It is caused by purple basidiomycetes of the Basidiomycotina.
5.2 Onset law
The initial stage of the disease is that the leaves are small and the growth is slow, and then the leaves gradually turn yellow, deciduous and dead. Root capillary root rot, taproot root bark
Approximately 1mm2 white spots appeared, bast fell off, and xylem was dark brown mucus.
6 Coal pollution
6.1 Pathogen
Coal pollution disease bacteria live through the winter on diseased parts and fallen leaves with mycelium, conidia, and ascospores. The spores are spread by wind, rain and insects in the following year.
The secretions and excrements of aphids, scale insects and other insects are left on plants.
6.2 Onset law
It mainly harms the flowers and leaves of lacquer, affects photosynthesis, reduces the economic value of lacquer, and even causes death. The symptoms are on the leaves and branches
It becomes a small black mildew spot, and then expands into a continuous piece, so that the entire leaf surface and tender shoots are covered with a black mold layer. Since there are many types of coal pollution bacteria, the same plant can be
Infected with a variety of pathogens, the symptoms are also slightly different. The appearance of a black mold layer or a black coal layer is an important feature of the disease.
7 Mosaic disease
7.1 Pathogen
Mosaic disease is an infectious disease caused by a variety of virus infections. A few seeds carry the virus, and its main source is the infected plants in the field.
Host plants and some weeds.
7.2 Onset law
The reinfestation of the disease in the lacquered woods is mainly accomplished through the contact of the venomous vector aphids and the sap of agricultural operations. High temperature, drought
The weather, extensive cultivation and management, lack of fertilizer and water are the main factors that induce mosaic disease. At the beginning of the disease, chlorotic horns appear on the leaves
The diseased spots eventually turn brown; the diseased leaves appear with light green and evergreen mosaics; when severe, the leaves are deformed and yellowed, the plants are short, and the flower spikes are short.
There are few flowers, and the flower spikes cannot even be drawn out.
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Occurrence rules and characteristics of main insect pests of sumac
1.Leaf armor
1.1 Pest characteristics
Both larvae and adults harm the leaves of sumac. The newly hatched larvae gnaw on the epidermis and mesophyll of the leaf, and the adult gnaws on the leaf along the leaf edge, causing the leaf
In a net shape, leaving only the veins. After 10 days, as the insect body increases, the food intake increases, and all the leaves can be eaten.
1.2 Life habits
One generation a year, and there are two generations. Adults live through the winter in the soil, in the crevices of the rocks or in the litter.
Unearthed from the end of March to early April, 1 month after feeding, they mate and lay eggs from late May to early June. Incubating in early June and soiling in late June
pupa. Adults begin to emerge from early July to feed on the lacquer tree in late September, and dive into the soil to survive the winter.
2 camphor silkworm
2.1 Pest characteristics
It is an omnivorous pest that harms the leaves of sumac with larvae. The larvae have strong crawling ability and are clustered. The newly hatched larvae can crawl from the ground
Lacquer trees harm the leaves of lacquer trees. The hazard time lasted 50-60 days. With the increase of insect instars, the food intake also greatly increases, often making the whole sumac
The leaves are eaten up, and then they will be transferred to walnuts and willows to cause damage. The hazard time is highest during the day.
2.2 Living habits
One generation occurs a year, and the pupae live through the winter in the cocoon. The emergence begins at the end of February of the following year, the peak period of emergence is in mid-March, and the larvae are from mid-March to July
Hazard period. The 3rd instar larvae are clustered. Adult emergence usually occurs in the evening or early morning, and the emergence period can last for 25-35 days. Adults usually inhabit
The information is hidden in leaves or shrubs and grasses, and has a strong phototaxis.
3 Four-point Elephant Beetle
3.1 Pest characteristics
Overwintering adults feed on the tender bark of sumac tree trunks, and the newly hatched larvae burrow through boreholes between the phloem under the bark and the sapwood to harm.
3.2 Life habits
One generation occurs a year, with adults and larvae overwintering. Adults that emerge in April crawl out of the boreholes of the tree trunk and move around during the day. Larvae in late May
After hatching, they begin to cluster around the hatched egg shells, eating sumac bark. As the insect instar grows, the food intake increases. When a large area is harmed,
Causes the death of sumac. Old mature larvae drill into the xylem of the tree trunk to form irregular boreholes, extending up to 40-80 cm.
4 Aphids
4.1 Pest characteristics
The clusters of adults and nymphs harm the first buds, young stems and leaves of sumac. Use your mouthparts to suck the juice to make the buds and leaves shrink and wither,
The growth and development of lacquer tree. The excrement of the paint aphid covers the surface of the branches and leaves of the paint aphid, which often triggers the reproduction of pathogens. Infect the sumac tree.
4.2 Life habits
Occurs for many generations a year, with eggs overwintering on the shady side of the trunk and cracks in the bark. Adults and nymphs are clustered and can be parthenogenetic.
Generally, the damage begins when the sumac tree begins to sprout and grow leaves in April and May, and the damage is serious under the conditions of high temperature and humidity from June to July.
5 Little Ground Tiger
5.1 Pest characteristics
The cutworm is an omnivorous underground pest that can harm more than 20 plants. They live in the soil as larvae. After the third instar, the larvae are excavated at night,
The stems of the seedlings are snapped off at a distance of 1-2 cm from the ground, and they can also climb to the upper part of the seedlings and bite the tender stems and sprouts, causing seedling shortage or seriously affecting the growth of seedlings.
It is the main pest of sumac nursery.
5.2 Life habits
One generation a year, pupa survives the winter underground. The first generation has a larger number and is the most harmful. Adults have a strong tendency to sugar and vinegar,
Often active at night, with phototaxis, adults lay eggs on weeds.
6 Grub
6.1 Pest characteristics
Grubs are the collective name for the superfamily larvae of Coleoptera. It is a group with the most species, the widest distribution, and the most harmful underground pests.
Grubs are omnivorous underground pests. The larvae feed on the germinated seeds, bite off the roots and stems of the seedlings.
6.2 Life habits
One generation is completed in one or two years. Adults and larvae live through the winter in the soil. Adults are mostly active at dusk and at night, and enter the soil for lurking during the day.
Adults have strong flying ability. There is suspended animation and strong phototaxis.
7 Caterpillar
7.1 Pest characteristics
Lacquer caterpillars are larvae of lepidopteran insects. They go through four stages. egg, larva (caterpillar), pupae, and adult.
Take the sap of young shoots, young stems, and leaves for a living.
7.2 Life habits
One generation occurs a year. Generally, the damage begins when the sumac tree begins to sprout and grow leaves in April and May, which seriously affects the growth of sumac.
AA
Appendix C
(Normative appendix)
The control period and methods of the main diseases of lacquer tree
Disease name Applicable chemical and concentration control method
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