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GBZT284-2016: Guideline for protection against occupational hazards of n-hexane
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Guideline for protection against occupational hazards of n-hexane
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GBZ/T 284-2016
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Basic data | Standard ID | GBZ/T 284-2016 (GBZ/T284-2016) | | Description (Translated English) | Guideline for protection against occupational hazards of n-hexane | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C52 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,112 | | Date of Issue | 2016-11-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2017-05-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | State-Health-Communication (2016) No.19 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Health and Family Planning Commission | GBZ/T 284-2016: Guideline for protection against occupational hazards of n-hexane---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Guidelines for occupational hazards protection for n - hexane)
ICS 13.100
C 52
National Occupational Health Standards
Hexane occupational hazard protection guidelines
Guideline for protection against occupational hazards of .n-hexane
2016 - 11 - 29 released
2017 - 05 - 01 implementation
The Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China
Content
Foreword...II
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 Basic requirements for occupational hazard protection... 2
5 Hazard identification and risk assessment of occupational exposure... 2
6 Risk Control...4
7 Emergency Handling and Rescue...7
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Workplace hexane occupational safety and health protection checklist...9
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Information on hexane prevention and control...13
Foreword
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Shenzhen Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shenzhen Occupational Disease Prevention
The hospital, Shenzhen Fuyong Health Supervision Office.
The main drafters of this standard. Wu Likang, Qiu Chuangyi, Liu Yimin, Zhu Zhiliang, Huang Xianqing, Tian Yafeng, Cai Ridong, Yan Xinming, Zhang
New East.
Hexane occupational hazard protection guidelines
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic requirements for occupational hazard protection of n-hexane, hazard identification and risk assessment of occupational exposure, risk control, and
Emergency handling and rescue and other content.
This standard applies to employers with occupational exposure to n-hexane, as well as occupational health supervision and management departments and occupational health technologies.
Service organization.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 11651 personal protective equipment selection specification
GB 14866 Personal eye protection technical requirements
GB/T 16180 Labor ability appraisal employee injury and occupational disease disability level
GB/T 18664 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protection products
GB 50073 clean factory design specification
GBZ 1 industrial enterprise design hygiene standard
GBZ 71 General rules for the diagnosis of occupational acute chemical poisoning
GBZ 84 diagnostic criteria for occupational chronic hexane poisoning
GBZ 158 workplace occupational hazard warning sign
GBZ 159 Sampling specification for monitoring of hazardous substances in the workplace air
GBZ /T 160.38 Determination of aerobic compounds in workplace air toxic substances
GBZ 188 Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specifications
GBZ /T 194 Code of Practice for Preventing Occupational Poisoning Health Engineering in Workplaces
GBZ /T 195 organic solvent workplace personal occupational disease protective equipment use specification
GBZ /T 205 Code of occupational hazard protection for confined space operations
GBZ /T 224 Occupational Hygiene Terminology
GBZ /T 225 Employer's Guide to Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined by GBZ /T 224 apply to this document.
3.1
Specify the protection factor assigned protective factor; APF
One or a class of suitable respiratory protection products that are expected to be air-contaminated on the premise that they are suitable for the user to wear and use correctly.
A multiple of the reduction in dye concentration.
4 Basic requirements for occupational hazard protection
4.1 Basic points of occupational hazard protection of n-hexane
Hexane is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon poison. Due to its high volatility and high fat solubility, it can accumulate in the body and invade the nervous system
And cause occupational acute or chronic poisoning. Chronic n-hexane occupational poisoning is characterized by insidious and slow, often mass-generating. Using decontamination
Before cleaning agents or organic binders, their ingredients or volatile components should be clearly defined. Workers should not be arranged in a poorly ventilated environment such as air conditioners.
Engaged in contact with hexane or continuous overtime work.
4.2 Basic duties of the employer
4.2.1 Occupational health management institutions (organizations) should be set up, with specialized (part-time) occupational health management personnel and occupational health training.
In accordance with the "Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law" requirements to establish an occupational disease prevention and control responsibility system and declare occupational disease hazard projects according to law.
4.2.2 Occupational disease prevention and control should be carried out to protect the health of workers. Specific methods can refer to GBZ /T 225.
In controlling and eliminating occupational hazards, the following work should be done.
a) At the stage of feasibility study of the construction project, a pre-evaluation report on occupational hazards should be submitted to the safety supervision department. Involving occupational disease hazards
Heavy construction projects, in addition to providing pre-evaluation reports on occupational hazards, design of occupational disease prevention facilities and occupational hazards
In addition to the evaluation of control effects, it is also necessary to meet the on-site acceptance conditions of occupational disease prevention facilities, and at least once every three years.
Harm the status quo evaluation.
b) The occupational health technical service institution that has obtained the corresponding qualifications shall be entrusted to work in accordance with the requirements of GBZ 159 and GBZ /T 160.38.
The hexane in the air is tested and evaluated at least once a year. For workers who do not meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements
The workplace should immediately take appropriate measures to ensure that it meets the requirements of occupational health environment and conditions;
c) Bulletin board, warning signs and warning instructions should be set up in the workplace to make the entry personnel aware of the existence of the workplace.
The harmful consequences and protective measures of the hexane occupation. The setting of the warning sign shall comply with the provisions of GBZ 158;
d) Formulate a maintenance system for hexane occupational hazard protection facilities, and maintain and repair them regularly by special (part-time) personnel to ensure that they are
The alkane occupational hazard protection facility is in normal working condition.
e) Occupational health training and management systems for the distribution and use of personal protective equipment should be established and improved. Before the employee is employed,
Occupational health-related knowledge training during the post to ensure that workers have the necessary occupational health knowledge and can use n-hexane correctly
Occupational hazard protection equipment and personal protective equipment. According to the requirements of GBZ /T 195, GB/T 11651, GB/T 18664
Activists are equipped with effective personal protective equipment and urge workers to use and maintain properly;
f) An occupational health surveillance system should be established and improved. Entrusting qualified medical and health institutions according to the provisions of GBZ 188
Occupational health check;
g) The hexane occupational hazard health file and the labor health surveillance file should be established and improved.
4.3 Funding guarantee
It is necessary to ensure the necessary funding for the management of hexane occupational hazards and to pay for work-related injury insurance premiums for hexane contacts.
4.4 Emergency rescue
An emergency rescue plan for hexane occupational hazards should be established and improved and drilled.
4.5 Acute accidents
If an acute hexane occupational hazard occurs, it shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GBZ 71.
5 Hazard identification and risk assessment of occupational exposure
5.1 Hazard identification of occupational exposure
5.1.1 Contact places and solvents
5.1.1.1 Printing, hardware, electronics and other industries. decontamination cleaning agents.
5.1.1.2 Leather footwear. adhesive.
5.1.1.3 Paint industry. thinner.
5.1.1.4 Adhesive products industry. manufacturing and use.
5.1.1.5 Daily chemical products manufacturing. floral solvent extraction.
5.1.1.6 Food manufacturing. crude oil leaching.
5.1.1.7 Petroleum processing industry. catalytic reforming.
5.1.1.8 Plastic manufacturing. recovery of propylene solution.
5.1.1.9 Other workplaces where n-hexane may be present. use white oil, petroleum ether, powder glue, Tianna water, oil removal, open glue,
Work on solvents such as oil water.
5.1.2 Identification method
5.1.2.1 Master the basic information of n-hexane (including substance identification, appearance and odor, physicochemical properties, reactivity and
Contact limit, etc.).
5.1.2.2 Identification of n-hexane contact opportunities, including.
a) The employer shall organize the production process, the raw materials used by the engineering, production, environment and safety, occupational disease prevention and other personnel.
Analysis, the number of workers involved, the possible ways to enter the human body, the conditions visible on the site, etc., to determine the production, transportation,
Types and jobs that are hazardous when packaging and using n-hexane;
b) The employer shall require the supplier to provide qualified chemistry when purchasing solvents such as decontamination cleaners, adhesives, diluents, etc.
Product Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and original volatile component test report to determine if these solvents contain n-hexane;
c) The employer shall conduct a sampling analysis when using solvents of unknown chemical composition to determine whether the volatile gases contain positive
alkyl;
d) consult the workplace test report;
e) should focus on production links or jobs where hexane poisoning has occurred in the past;
f) Other channels, such as supervisory opinions of supervisory authorities and recommendations of technical service agencies, professional literature, etc.
5.1.3 Main contact population and high-risk groups
5.1.3.1 The main contacts include.
a) workers using n-hexane as a decontamination cleaning agent, binder, diluent and extracting extractant;
b) workers who produce, transport, package and store n-hexane;
c) Workers around the above may be exposed to n-hexane indirectly.
5.1.3.2 Identification of high-risk groups.
a) Workers should be arranged to perform occupational health checks before, during and after leaving their posts. Judging whether the worker is required according to 6.7
Suitable for working in hexane;
b) If the worker is found to be sluggish, the ends of the extremities feel abnormal, and then there is a weak fist, and it is difficult to lift heavy objects, especially on the stairs.
Difficult, walking weakness and other lower limb involvement, the clinical manifestations of multiple peripheral nerve damage, should be adjusted immediately
Leave the original post and arrange for occupational health checkups and treatments. Especially when using hexane in air-conditioned environment or confined space, it should be given more
Highly concerned.
5.1.4 Routes of exposure
When engaged in occupational activities, n-hexane is mainly absorbed by the respiratory tract in the form of vapor, and may also pass through the skin and/or eye mucosa, gastrointestinal
The road is in direct contact with the human body.
5.2 Risk assessment content
5.2.1 The range of escape of n-hexane in workplaces such as production, transportation, packaging, storage and use.
5.2.2 The period of time at which the maximum concentration is produced.
5.2.3 Laborers and quantities that may be exposed to n-hexane.
5.2.4 Factors affecting the amount of exposure, including workplace layout, transport or transshipment sealing and automation, occupational safety and health operations
Procedures, cleaning and finishing of workplaces, suitability, quantity, and operation and use of personal protective equipment and protective equipment.
5.2.5 Employers, occupational health management personnel and laborers concerned with the knowledge of n-hexane hazard protection and occupational health and safety procedures
Grip and occupational health training.
5.2.6 The current operation of occupational exposure risk control measures and the need for new preventive measures.
5.2.7 The health status of existing workers and the results of occupational health examinations of workers exposed to n-hexane over the years.
5.2.8 Other aspects, such as the occurrence of hexane occupational poisoning in the past years.
6 Risk control
6.1 General principles
Follow the principle of priority for occupational disease prevention, first of all to eliminate risks, followed by engineering control, management measures and behavior control, most
After the personal protection and occupational health monitoring, please refer to Appendix A for inspection.
6.2 Finding alternatives
Use other low-risk substances such as medical alcohol, isopropanol, and n-heptane instead of n-hexane to eliminate or reduce the risk at the source.
Or use a solvent with a low content of n-hexane to ensure that the concentration of n-hexane in the workplace air meets the occupational exposure limit.
6.3 Engineering Control
6.3.1 Closed isolation
6.3.1.1 The production process shall be reasonably arranged in accordance with the provisions of GBZ 1 and the operation to produce n-hexane shall be separated from other operations as much as possible.
There must be a clear indication of the non-production area.
6.3.1.2 Protective facilities should be provided. Mechanization, automation, sealing and remote operation are preferred to avoid direct contact. Health protection
The design and construction of the protective engineering should select the units with corresponding qualifications, and the protective facilities should be qualified products.
6.3.1.3 The ground can be made of PVC and other materials to keep the ground level and prevent leakage of the solution.
6.3.2 Reasonable ventilation
6.3.2.1 Local ventilation. The production process requirements shall be operated on the same production line, and local ventilation and detoxification measures shall be taken, not jeopardizing the week.
Surrounding laborers. Local mechanical suction devices should be installed in the work position where n-hexane is produced. The installation of the exhaust cover of the local mechanical suction system should be followed.
According to the design principle of appropriate form, correct position, moderate air volume, sufficient strength and convenient maintenance, the design of the cover wind speed or control wind speed should be
It is sufficient to discharge the n-hexane produced by the source to ensure high capture efficiency. The installation of the suction hood should follow the following principles.
Closed), near (as close as possible to the source of n-hexane), pass (to have sufficient exhaust air volume), smooth (the direction of the airflow should be harmful
The distribution of the object is appropriate, and it is convenient for workers to operate and overhaul. See Appendix B.
6.3.2.2 Use mechanical ventilation. use mechanical power for ventilation, pay attention to the fact that there should be no obstacles between the airflow passages, and maintain proper airflow.
Speed to prevent eddy currents. The polluted air discharge path should not flow through the laborer.
6.3.2.3 Use natural ventilation. Natural ventilation through doors and windows and roof skylights. If the desired effect is not achieved, the roof can be installed on the roof.
Air fan or exhaust air deflector to increase air flow rate. When passing through the skylight, the roof should avoid setting the mechanical ventilation air inlet.
6.3.2.4 In the workplace where a centralized air-conditioning system is adopted, the amount of fresh air in addition to maintaining cold and heat regulation is not less than that per person.
40m
/h. Execute in accordance with the provisions of GB 50073.
6.3.3 Accident exhaust
In workplaces where a large amount of n-hexane may suddenly be generated, an accidental exhaust device shall be provided, and the accidental exhaust should be performed by a frequently used exhaust system.
It is guaranteed together with the exhaust system of the accident exhaust. The amount of accident air exhaust should be determined based on the process data. When there is a lack of data, the number of ventilations per
The hour should not be less than 12 times. The setting of the accident exhaust can refer to the requirements of GBZ /T 194.
6.3.4 Purification treatment
The air discharged to the external environment should be purified and should not affect other employers, workers and surrounding residents. If discharged directly into the atmosphere
At the time, it should be led to a height of 3m above the roof; if the adjacent building is higher than the workshop, the height of the discharge should be increased.
6.3.5 Ventilation test
It should include the measurement of air volume, wind speed, purification efficiency, and overall ventilation. The calculation formulas can refer to the requirements of GBZ /T 194.
6.4 Management measures
6.4.1 The supplier shall.
a) There should be corresponding qualifications to ensure that the products supplied are authentic and reliable, and the products are traceable;
b) A Qualified Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and a Volatile Component Test Report should be provided.
6.4.2 Equipment that may be present or produce occupational hazard of n-hexane, and the packaging of n-hexane solvent should have a warning sign and Chinese warning instructions. Warning
The logo includes beware of poisoning, wearing a gas mask, and paying attention to ventilation. Warning instructions should indicate the characteristics of hexane, occupational hazards, and safe use.
Precautions and emergency treatment measures.
6.4.3 Regularly maintain and inspect sanitary protection facilities to ensure that they are in a normal state and should not be removed or stopped.
6.4.4 The effectiveness of the protective facilities should be checked before the shift and the protective facilities should be observed in the class.
6.4.5 Containers containing hexane should be covered in time, and hexane solvent should not be dispensed in the workshop and open (eg large teacup) containers should be used.
Use n-hexane solvent to clean the object. Use an environmentally-friendly pressure pot with a metal lid to press the n-hexane solvent and scrub with hexane.
The cloth should be collected and treated in time to reduce the concentration of n-hexane in the air and reduce the risk.
6.4.6 After the lunch break or after work, the production area doors and windows will be opened and the natural passage will be maintained while ensuring that the product quality is not affected.
Wind, reduce the concentration of n-hexane.
6.4.7 The concentration of n-hexane in the workplace air should be checked regularly.
6.4.8 Persons who have suffered from hexane poisoning should not be arranged to work on hexane-related work.
6.4.9 For occupational hazard projects with n-hexane, the following methods should be used to inform workers.
a) Contract notification. The employment contract signed with the hexane contact person should indicate the occupational hazard that may be caused by exposure to n-hexane and
Fruit, occupational disease protection measures and treatment;
b) Training notification. hexane contacts should be trained before and during the job, and the hazard and prevention of hexane should be informed during the training.
Protective measures and emergency rescue procedures;
c) Medical examination. The results of the occupational health check of the hexane contact person are notified. The conclusion of occupational health examination according to GBZ 188
If the worker should be notified in writing, the problem in the medical examination should be truthfully informed and explained, so that the worker can understand the body.
Test result
d) Warnings. Warning signs should be set up in workplaces and storage areas where there is a hazard of hexane. The location set includes
Convergence, workplace entrance and eye-catching location in the workplace. One intensive workplace is set for every three posts.
Decentralized posts should be set for each job site. The size and installation height of the marking shall comply with the provisions of GBZ 158. In There
A conspicuous position of an acute poisoning accident may occur, and an emergency rescue measures for acute hexane poisoning accidents shall be announced;
e) Bulletin board notification. Announcement of rules, regulations, operational procedures, monitoring and evaluation of occupational hazard protection of n-hexane in a conspicuous position
result;
f) Work injury notification. work injury notification procedure and work injury insurance treatment notice. Should pass the bulletin board, contract, written notice or other valid
The method informs the hexane contact person about the work injury category, the work injury declaration procedure and the work injury insurance treatment, etc., and can refer to GB/T
16180.
6.5 Behavior Control
6.5.1 Workers should pay attention to personal hygiene habits, minimize the escape of hexane and contact time during operation, and avoid skin contact;
Workplaces should not eat, drink or smoke.
6.5.2 Workers unrelated to the hexane workplace are not allowed to enter the hexane workplace. If you enter, you should wear effective personal protection.
Product.
6.5.3 Smoking should not be carried out around places where hexane is stored and used to avoid fires. It is not advisable to take n-hexane out of the production area.
6.5.4 Hexane should not be used for purposes other than production, such as washing clothes, furniture, skin, etc. with n-hexane.
6.6 Personal protection and management
6.6.1 If the source of the danger cannot be eliminated and the engineering control does not meet the requirements, personal protective equipment should be used.
6.6.2 Personal protective equipment shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.2.e). Personal protective equipment shall have a production license, Laura logo (LA) and
Qualification.
6.6.3 The main route of hexane invading the human body is the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. The protection of these parts should be considered. If not handled properly,
Then follow the requirements of 7.5 on-site patient medical care.
Different parts should be protected in different ways.
a) Respiratory protection. Wear respiratory protection before entering the harmful environment of n-hexane. For a close-up mask, the user should
First wear a tightness test to confirm the tightness. Personnel operating in hazardous environments should always wear respiratory protection. When made
When using respiratory protective equipment, feel odor, cough, irritation, nausea, etc., and immediately leave the harmful environment.
The respiratory protective equipment should be inspected to confirm and eliminate the fault before re-entering the harmful environment; if there is no fault, it should be replaced.
For effective filter elements, please refer to Appendix B;
b) Eye protection. When n-hexane is likely to splash into the eyes, it should be equipped with eye protectors in accordance with GB 14866;
c) Hand protection. should not touch hexane with bare hands, should wear fluoro rubber or nitrile rubber protective gloves or gloves, protective gloves check
Method. Blow air into the glove, squeeze the sleeve by hand to observe whether it leaks, and if it leaks, it cannot be used.
6.6.4 The employer shall train and supervise the proper use and storage of personal protective equipment by hexane contacts. Workers should be taught to correctly admi
Wear, use and maintain personal protective equipment.
6.6.5 The employer shall make corresponding records when issuing personal protective equipment, including the time of issue, the type of work, the name of personal protective equipment,
The number, the recipien...
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