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GBZT287-2017: Guidelines for prevention and control of occupational hazards in wood processing industry
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Guidelines for prevention and control of occupational hazards in wood processing industry
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GBZ/T 287-2017
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Basic data | Standard ID | GBZ/T 287-2017 (GBZ/T287-2017) | | Description (Translated English) | Guidelines for prevention and control of occupational hazards in wood processing industry | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C52 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,150 | | Date of Issue | 2017-10-26 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-05-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | State-Health-Communication (2017) 21 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Health and Family Planning Commission | GBZ/T 287-2017: Guidelines for prevention and control of occupational hazards in wood processing industry
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Wood processing enterprises occupational hazards prevention and control guidelines)
ICS 13.100
C 52
GBZ
National Occupational Health Standards
Guide to occupational hazard prevention and control in wood processing enterprises
Guidelines for prevention and control of occupational hazards
In wood processing industry
2017 - 10 - 26 released
2018 - 05 - 01 implementation
The Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China
Content
Foreword...I
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 Basic requirements... 2
5 Identification and distribution of occupational hazards... 2
6 Key Control Measures for Occupational Disease Hazard Factors...3
7 Personal protection...5
8 Accident emergency...6
9 Occupational Health Management and Education...6
10 Occupational Health Monitoring...6
Appendix A (informative appendix) Selection of personal protective equipment for wood processing operations...7
Appendix B (informative appendix) Occupational Health Monitoring Project for Wood Processing Operations...8
Foreword
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was drafted. Wood Conservation Development Center, National Wood and Wood Products Performance Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China Wood Protection Worker
Industry Association, China Wood and Wood Products Circulation Association.
The main drafters of this standard. Shen Changsheng, Yu Qiuqiu, Tao Yiming, Dang Wenjie, Tang Zhenzhong, Ma Shouhua, Han Yujie, Zhang Wenqiang, Yan Jing
Qi, gentleman dragon, Zhang Bei, Zhang Shaofang.
Guide to occupational hazard prevention and control in wood processing enterprises
1 Scope
This standard stipulates the basic requirements for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in wood processing enterprises, the identification and distribution of occupational hazards, and occupational hazards.
Critical control measures, personal protection, accident emergency, occupational health management and education, occupational health monitoring and other requirements.
This standard is applicable to occupational hazard prevention and control of enterprises involved in wood processing, wood product manufacturing and storage.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GBZ 1 industrial enterprise design hygiene standard
GBZ 2.1 Occupational exposure limits for workplace hazards Part 1. Chemically harmful factors
GBZ 2.2 Occupational exposure limits for workplace hazards Part 2. Physical factors
GBZ 158 workplace occupational hazard warning sign
GBZ 188 Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specifications
GBZ 203 High-toxic goods operation post occupational disease hazard notification specification
GBZ /T 224 Occupational Hygiene Terminology
GB 6514 Painting operation safety regulations Painting process safety and ventilation purification
GB/T 11651 personal protective equipment selection specification
GB 15603 Common chemical dangerous goods storage rules
Classification and technical conditions of GB/T 16758 exhaust hood
GB 17916 Poisonous commodity storage and maintenance technical conditions
GB/T 18259 wood-based panel and its surface decoration terminology
GB .20101 Safety rules for painting operations - Safety regulations for organic waste gas purification devices
GB/T 28202 furniture industry terminology
GB 50019 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design Code
GB 50033 Architectural Lighting Design Standard
GB 50034 Architectural lighting design standard
3 Terms and definitions
GBZ /T 224, GB/T 18259, GB/T 28202, and the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Wood processing
The production of wood products by wood or semi-finished products is made mechanically or chemically. Including wood cutting, drying, gluing,
Basic processing such as surface decoration, as well as functional processing such as wood protection and modification. The main product types include wood-based panels, flooring and wood
Furniture, etc.
4 basic requirements
4.1 The occupational hazard prevention and control work of wood processing enterprises should adhere to the work principle of prevention and prevention.
4.2 The construction of wood processing, manufacturing, storage and other engineering construction projects should follow the principle of “three simultaneous”, and its occupational hazard protection facilities should be related to the main
The physical engineering is designed, constructed and put into use at the same time.
4.3 Wood processing enterprises should adopt new processes, new equipment and new technologies to improve the level of mechanization and automation and reduce the production process.
Occupational hazards. For processes, sections and equipment that generate dust, electromagnetic radiation, chemical poisons, it is advisable to adopt a closed or isolated side.
To control occupational hazards to the smallest possible extent.
4.4 It is not advisable to use the fully enclosed, mechanized and automated production methods to effectively control the influence of dust, chemical poisons and other factors.
Closed ventilation, dust removal and detoxification technical measures, and the use of air supply and ventilation devices to reduce the dust, chemical poisons and other harmful factors in the overall operating environment
influences.
4.5 The post-operating personnel who are exposed to occupational hazards should strengthen their personal protection and distribute effective personal protective equipment.
4.6 A warning sign and an occupational hazard notification card should be set up in a conspicuous position in the production section or post. The warning sign should be set in accordance with GBZ
The requirements of 158, the setting of the Occupational Disease Hazard Notification Card shall comply with the requirements of GBZ 203.
4.7 Wood processing enterprises should conduct regular inspections on the environment of wood processing, manufacturing and storage operations, and should continue to improve through
Control measures to make the concentration or intensity of occupational hazards meet the requirements of occupational exposure limits for harmful factors specified in GBZ 2.1 and GBZ 2.2.
5 Identification and distribution of occupational hazards
5.1 Identification of occupational hazards
Wood processing enterprises should scientifically identify and determine the types, nature and concentrations of occupational hazards present in the production process of the unit.
(strength).
5.2 Main process
The main process flow of wood-based panels is. machining (saw, cutting, cutting, drilling, planing, milling, grinding) → drying → sizing → hot pressing and bonding → after
Processing → packaging
The main process of wooden floor is. machining (saw, cutting, cutting, drilling, planing, milling) → drying → coating → blanking → thermoforming →
Sanding→Coating→Curing→Opening Groove→Packaging
The main technological process of wooden furniture is. machining (saw, cutting, cutting, drilling, planing, milling) → drying → painting → curing → grinding → loading
Match → packaging
Other products are implemented with reference to the above three types of products.
5.3 Occupational hazards in the production process of enterprises
5.3.1 Productive dust
5.3.1.1 Productive dust mainly exists in the process of machining and post-processing in the production of wood-based panels; machining in the production of wooden flooring,
Sanding, grooving and other processes; machining, grinding and other processes in the production of wooden furniture.
5.3.1.2 The production dust is mainly wood dust, which is mainly found in sawing, cutting, planing, sanding, grinding and grinding of wood materials.
5.3.2 Chemical poisons
5.3.2.1 Chemical poisons mainly exist in the process of sizing, gluing, etc. in the production process of wood-based panels;
Processes such as finishing and curing; processes such as finishing and curing in the production of wooden furniture.
5.3.2.2 Chemical poisons are mainly organic volatiles in adhesives and paints, mainly in sizing, hot pressing, finishing and curing.
5.3.2.3 The main toxic substances are benzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, dichloroethane, chloroform, vinyl chloride, dimethylformamide,
Toluene diisocyanate, formaldehyde, ammonia, and the like.
5.3.3 Productive noise
5.3.3.1 Productive noise mainly exists in the process of machining, post-processing, packaging, etc. in the production of wood-based panels;
Processing, sanding, grooving, packaging and other processes; machining, grinding, assembly, packaging and other processes in the production of wooden furniture.
5.3.3.2 Mechanical noise mainly exists in the sawing, cutting, planing, sanding, grinding, grinding, assembly, packaging and other operations of wood materials.
5.3.3.3 Fluid dynamic noise mainly exists in the operation of wood chip wood powder air delivery and steam flow.
5.3.4 Vibration
Vibration mainly exists in the process of sawing, cutting, cutting, drilling, planing, milling, grinding and assembly of wood products.
5.3.5 Electromagnetic radiation
5.3.5.1 Electromagnetic radiation is mainly found in the solidification process of wooden floors and wooden furniture.
5.3.5.2 Electromagnetic radiation is mainly ultraviolet radiation, which is mainly found in wood-based and wood furniture paints.
5.3.6 High temperature
High temperatures are mainly present in the heat radiation in the drying process.
6 Key control measures for occupational hazards
6.1 Basic requirements for the workplace
6.1.1 Site selection
The location of the plant should be based on the hygienic characteristics of the production process, environmental requirements, and the hazard of occupational hazards.
The overall planning of the local government, as well as hydrological, geological, meteorological and other factors, are determined by comprehensive analysis.
6.1.2 Factory layout
6.1.2.1 Under the premise of meeting the needs of the main project, it is advisable to treat the workshop according to the type of hazard, hazard and its hazard concentration (strength).
Different arrangements are arranged; sanitary protection green belts should be provided between the workshops that produce occupational hazards and other workshops and living areas.
6.1.2.2 The production area for generating dust and chemical poisons should be placed on the upwind side of the plant's annual minimum frequency wind direction; wood sawing, milling, planing,
Workshops that are prone to dust in machining operations such as grinding, and workshops that are prone to chemical poisons, such as sizing, finishing, and curing, should be placed in the factory.
The upwind side of the minimum frequency wind direction throughout the year.
6.1.2.3 High-temperature heat sources such as drying kiln and heat-modified treatment tank (kiln) should be arranged outside the workshop; high-temperature heat source that cannot be placed outside the workshop
It should be placed under the skylight or near the window on the downwind side of the workshop.
6.1.2.4 Strong noise and vibration equipment such as blowers, induced draft fans and air compressors should be provided with separate isolation rooms.
The bottom layer and take effective sound insulation and vibration reduction measures.
6.1.2.5 A section of a multi-storey building that is prone to generate volatile harmful gases should be placed on the upper floor of the building to prevent or mitigate the underlying hazardous substances.
Badly affect the upper working environment.
6.1.3 Plant design
6.1.3.1 The design of the plant shall meet the ventilation requirements of the production process and equipment arrangement and take into account the needs of occupational disease protection facilities.
6.1.3.2 The orientation of the plant shall be designed according to the dominant wind direction in the summer, so that the building can form a wind that can penetrate the wind or increase the natural ventilation. plant
The skylight should be provided at the top of the room, and the area of the skylight vent should be slightly larger than the sum of the inlet window and the inlet damper.
6.1.3.3 It is advisable to use the wall of the workshop to seriously cause the risk of volatile occupational diseases in accordance with the requirements of the production section and the working environment of the equipment.
The area is isolated.
6.1.3.4 Multi-layer workshops shall adopt effective isolation measures. The parts of equipment and pipes passing through the floor and walls shall be sealed to prevent
The spread and cross-effects of occupational hazards between floors.
6.1.3.5 The lighting design of the workplace shall be carried out in accordance with GB 50033, and the lighting design shall be carried out in accordance with GB 50034. Lighting design should avoid glare,
Make full use of natural light, the choice of the location of the light source should avoid shadows.
6.1.3.6 The high temperature operation workshop shall adopt measures such as ventilation, cooling, and heat insulation.
6.1.3.7 In areas where the average annual minimum temperature of the colder month is less than or equal to 8 °C for more than or equal to 3 months, central heating should be provided.
Facilities, where the coldest month average temperature is less than or equal to 8 °C for less than 2 months, local heating facilities should be provided. When the work place is not fixed,
When continuous low temperature operation is required, it is advisable to install a heating room near the workplace. The heating and ventilation design is carried out in accordance with GB 50019.
6.1.3.8 It is advisable to set up auxiliary rooms according to the characteristics of production, according to actual needs and ease of use, including workshop hygiene room (Women's Health
Living room, bathroom, more/storage room, washroom and laundry room for special work, job or post), living area (lounge,
Meal places, toilets), and should meet the corresponding health standards.
6.2 Process design and equipment selection
6.2.1 When designing the production process, it is preferred to select a process with reasonable economics, advanced technology and low occupational hazard.
6.2.2 Low-volatility, low-toxic adhesives, preservatives, modifiers and coatings should be preferred.
6.2.3 Priority should be given to equipment with low dust generation and low noise intensity, and corresponding control measures should be taken;
In the closed mode, the automatic operation mode is preferred.
6.2.4 Ventilation devices shall be provided for the sections of the production process that are prone to generate volatile harmful gases.
6.3 Material handling and storage
6.3.1 The transportation of scattered materials shall be closed.
6.3.2 The transportation of articles containing chemical poisons such as wood preservatives, adhesives and coatings shall comply with relevant state regulations.
6.3.3 The storage of chemical poisons shall be set up in a special place. The storage conditions, storage methods and storage limits shall comply with GB 15603 and GB .
Provisions of 17916. The employer shall establish a system for the entry and exit of dangerous goods and the collection of files.
6.3.4 Volatile chemical poisons should be kept in a closed container and sealed in time after use.
6.4 Control of major occupational hazards
6.4.1 Hazard control measures for productive dust
6.4.1.1 The control of production dust in the dust-producing workshop or operation area is mainly based on local exhaust and supplemented by comprehensive ventilation. Local exhaust can be taken
There are two ways of external dust cover and airtight cover.
6.4.1.2 For the dust emitted from the production equipment, the source control method should be adopted first, and the physical and chemical properties of the emitted dust should be distributed.
The quantity and the characteristics of diffusion, the form of the dust hood is reasonably selected and arranged according to requirements, and the dust is effectively captured and purified by the ventilation dust removal system.
6.4.1.3 If the production equipment does not have a suction hood, a dust hood should be provided. The number, structure and installation of the dust hood should meet the need for dust collection
Yes, and meet the requirements of GB/T 16758 standard.
6.4.1.4 For places where the dust operation is still diffused by the ventilation system after treatment, the corresponding comprehensive ventilation and ventilation measures shall be taken.
6.4.1.5 Regularly check and check the working status of the ventilation and dust removal system, and carry out regular maintenance on the ventilation and dust removal system to ensure that the system is in advance.
The working status.
6.4.2 Control measures for chemical poisons
6.4.2.1 The chemicals used by the company should have a chemical safety label and a safe use instruction.
6.4.2.2 For harmful gases emitted from production equipment, priority should be given to the method of source control, according to the physical and chemical properties of the harmful gases emitted.
Sex, emission and diffusion characteristics, reasonable choice of the form of the suction hood and arranged according to requirements, using the ventilation purification system to carry out harmful gases
Effective collection and purification.
6.4.2.3 Gluing machine, painting room, paint mixing room, hot press, pressure tank and monomer recycler shall be regularly inspected and maintained.
6.4.2.4 The surface coating of wood products shall be carried out in the spray booth, and the spray booth shall be ventilated by the upper and lower rows, and the wet facilities shall be installed.
Chemical poisons are purified. The design, use and maintenance of the spray booth should meet the requirements of GB .20101 and GB 6514.
6.4.2.5 The paint mixing room should be set separately and equipped with an air exhaust device.
6.4.2.6 The hazardous wastes in the sections such as sizing and painting shall be properly kept and shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions on the disposal of hazardous wastes.
6.4.3 Control measures for productive noise
6.4.3.1 Electromechanical devices that generate strong noise should be placed separately and take necessary noise reduction measures.
6.4.3.2 For sawing and milling equipment, measures such as installing sound insulation cover and sound insulation baffle shall be taken to reduce the influence of equipment noise on the surrounding working environment.
6.4.3.3 Vibration and noise reduction measures shall be taken for equipment that generates strong noise due to vibration.
6.4.3.4 Pneumatic conveying pipelines should be piped and noise-reduced.
6.4.4 Vibration control measures
6.4.4.1 The enterprise shall continuously improve the process equipment and eliminate the vibration source from the source.
6.4.4.2 Establish a regular maintenance and maintenance system for equipment.
6.4.4.3 Take necessary vibration isolation measures for the equipment foundation.
6.4.5 Control measures for electromagnetic radiation
6.4.5.1 The section that generates electromagnetic radiation should be isolated and the operation of radiation hazard should be controlled automatically.
6.4.5.2 UV lamps, infrared tubes and other radiation sources shall be provided with protective covers and shall not be exposed or leaky; the heating source shall select air flow.
Good generality, open position, and insulation measures to reduce heat radiation to the outside.
6.4.5.3 Workshops that generate electromagnetic radiation should be strengthened. Non-workers are strictly forbidden to enter and exit. Operators should wear personal protective equipment.
It can be accessed at the rear.
6.4.6 Control measures for high temperature operation
6.4.6.1 The enterprise shall continuously optimize the process flow and improve working conditions, and strengthen the ventilation equipment and heat dissipation in the production site.
6.4.6.2 Take necessary insulation treatment for the heat radiation generating facilities.
6.4.6.3 Strengthen personal protection, keep away from high heat sources, and avoid or reduce heat radiation.
6.4.6.4 Formulate a reasonable labor break system, reduce the high temperature operation time, and increase the number of breaks during the work.
7 Personal protection
7.1 The enterprise shall establish a system for the issuance, maintenance and replacement of personal protective equipment according to the concentration and actual conditions of the hazardous substances exposed by the operators.
7.2 The enterprise shall provide personal protective equipment complying with the requirements of GB/T 11651 for workers exposed to occupational hazards.
7.3 The company shall train the operators on the correct use of personal protective equipment, as well as the applicability and limitations, and supervise
Wear personal protective equipment when employees are on duty. For the selection of individual protective equipment for different types of work, refer to Appendix A.
7.4 Operators should not drink or eat in workplaces with occupational hazards, and should not wear protective clothing to enter non-working areas such as restaurants.
7.5 After contact with chemical poisons, the bathing and changing of clothes should be carried out after work.
7.6 When some parts of the human body are exposed to potential ultraviolet radiation hazards during operation, or when they are in close contact with the radiation source for a long time, they should be properly worn.
When the radiation protection device.
8 Accident emergency
8.1 Protective equipment should be provided according to the poisoning situation of the workshop (post), and the storage cabinet should be set up. And should be clearly marked, regularly maintained and inspected,
Ensure that emergency use is needed.
8.2 Workplaces where chemical burns may occur and acute poisoning (such as sizing, painting, antiseptic production, etc.) is caused by absorption through the skin and mucous membranes.
On-site emergency treatment facilities should be located nearby according to the occupational hazard factors and their hazard characteristics that may arise or exist.
8.3 Emergency facilities should include. continuous water spray, eye wash facilities, personal protective equipment, first aid kits and first aid medicines, and transport of patients
Racks and devices, facilities for emergency treatment, and emergency rescue communication equipment. The configuration of emergency medicines can refer to GBZ 1 related requirements.
9 Occupational Health Management and Education
9.1 The enterprise shall promptly and truthfully report the hazard project to the local safety production supervision and management department and accept supervision and management.
9.2 The enterprise shall formulate an occupational hazard prevention plan and implementation plan, establish and improve the occupational health management system and operational procedures, and carry out the duties.
Daily monitoring and regular testing of karmic factors.
9.3 The enterprise shall be equipped with specialized (part-time) occupational health management personnel. The main person in charge of occupational health and management personnel shall have the right to
Engaged in the production and management activities to adapt to the knowledge and ability of occupational health management, and receive occupational health related training.
9.4 The enterprise shall supervise and instruct the operators to correctly wear and use protective equipment as required, and regularly organize occupational disease prevention equipment,
Emergency rescue facilities for maintenance, overhaul and maintenance.
9.5 The enterprise shall conduct occupational health related knowledge training and regular training during the period of employment, and popularize occupational health
Relevant knowledge, urge operators to comply with laws, regulations, rules, national occupational health standards and operational procedures for occupational disease prevention and treatment. And test
After passing the nuclear qualification, it can only be put into operation.
9.6 Changes in occupational hazards caused by changes in workmanship, technology, equipment, materials, or post adjustments,
The enterprise shall re-train the operators before re-...
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