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GBZ138-2025: Nanotechnologies - Evaluation of the antimicrobial performance of textiles containing manufactured nanomaterials
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Nanotechnologies - Evaluation of the antimicrobial performance of textiles containing manufactured nanomaterials
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Standard similar to GBZ138-2025 WS/T 655 | GB/T 36388 | WS 310.1 | GB/Z 139 | GB/Z 133 | Basic data | Standard ID | GB/Z 138-2025 (GB/Z138-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Nanotechnologies - Evaluation of the antimicrobial performance of textiles containing manufactured nanomaterials | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C04 | | Classification of International Standard | 07.120 | | Word Count Estimation | 20,264 | | Date of Issue | 2025-12-03 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-12-03 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China | GB/Z 138-2025: Nanotechnologies - Evaluation of the antimicrobial performance of textiles containing manufactured nanomaterials
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GB /Z 138-2025.Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of textiles containing artificial nanomaterials using nanotechnology
ICS 07.120
CCSC04
National Standardization Guiding Technical Documents of the People's Republic of China
nano technology
Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of textiles containing synthetic nanomaterials
(ISO /T S23650.2021, IDT)
Published on 2025-12-03
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface III
Introduction IV
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 1
4.Symbols and Abbreviations 2
5.Physicochemical properties of metal or metal oxide nanomaterials in TCMNM 3
5.1 Overview 3
5.2 Physicochemical Properties of Metal or Metal Oxide Nanomaterials 3
5.3 Characterization Methods 3
6.Measurement of the release amount of metal or metal oxide nanomaterials 4
6.1 General Rules 4
6.2 Preparation of Artificial Sweat 4
6.3 Washing Program 4
7.Test of antibacterial activity of TCMNM 4
7.1 General Rules 4
7.2 Antibacterial activity 4
7.3 Antifungal activity 5
7.4 Odor-resistant activity 5
8 Test Report 5
Appendix A (Informative) Characterization Methods for the Physical Properties of Nanomaterials in TCMNM 8
A.1 Testing of particle size and particle size distribution 8
A.2 Zeta potential testing 8
A.3 Specific surface area test 8
Appendix B (Informative) Characterization Methods for the Chemical Properties of Nanomaterials in TCMNM 9
B.1 Testing and Quantitative Analysis of the Chemical Composition of MNM 9
B.2 Surface Chemical Testing 9
B.3 Sample preparation by acid hydrolysis or microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 9
Appendix C (Informative) Test methods for the antibacterial, antifungal, and deodorizing activities of TCMNM 10
C.1 Test of antibacterial activity 10
C.2 Test of antifungal activity 10
C.3 Odor-resistant capability test 11
References 12
Foreword
This document is a standard or guiding technical document.
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document is equivalent to ISO /T S23650.2021 "Nanotechnology – Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of textiles containing synthetic nanomaterials".
The type has been changed from ISO technical specifications to my country's national standardization guidance technical documents.
The following minimal editorial changes have been made to this document.
---Delete the following from paragraph 3 of section 5.2."For example, chemical reagents used for different purposes (e.g., dyeing, printing) may react with nanomaterials."
Since the materials have similar elemental and chemical compositions, a careful selection of an appropriate set of measurements is necessary to identify the latter from the former.
Technically, because for this situation, there is usually no single technology that can solve this problem. In this regard, ASTM E3025-
16.This paper discusses the measurement methods for some physicochemical properties and the challenges faced in the detection of textiles containing silver nanomaterials.
---Delete "Note 2" in 7.3.
---The items in Chapter 8 have been adjusted accordingly based on Table 2.
---Reordering of references.
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Nanotechnology (SAC/TC279).
This document was drafted by. Zaozhuang University, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Jihua 3543 Knitting & Garment Co., Ltd.
Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Inner Mongolia University, and Zhejiang University of Science and Technology.
The main drafters of this document are. Liu Fengshou, Long Lin, Zhang Tao, Liu Jianbo, Wen Tao, Li Ningjun, Li Ping, Xu Haiyan, Kang Jing, Ren Hui, and Wu Jindan.
Introduction
Nanotechnology can be used in the textile industry to endow conventional textiles with antibacterial, stain-resistant, wrinkle-resistant, UV-resistant, flame-retardant, and enhanced mechanical strength properties.
New functions are being developed without significantly compromising or altering the original properties of textiles. Data from the Nanodatabase website indicates that...
There are over 400 textiles containing artificial nanomaterials (TCMNM), ranking second in the nanoproduct market [21]. [Continued rapid development]
The existence of TCMNM has increased the demand for international standards and testing process guidelines for man-made nanomaterials (MNM) in textiles.
This demand comes not only from industry but also from consumers.
Based on how nanomaterials are integrated into textiles, TCMMNM can be divided into three categories. nano-processed textiles, nano-composite textiles, and nano-composite textiles.
and nanofiber textiles[22].
a) Nano-processed textiles. After textile manufacturing is completed, the textile fibers are given a nanostructure through post-treatment or coating methods.
Nanotextiles are textiles that possess nanoscale properties on their surface. Most nanotextiles on the consumer market belong to this category.
b) Nanocomposite textiles. textiles composed of fibers containing one or more components with nanostructures or nanoscale dimensions.
These nanoscale properties are integrated into the fiber components through preprocessing.
c) Nanofiber textiles. Textiles made of nanofibers that have a cross-sectional area at the nanoscale, but whose length is not necessarily nanometers.
scale.
Natural and synthetic textile fibers can be treated with various nanomaterials and chemicals to enhance their antibacterial properties. TCMNM
Its antibacterial activity includes activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. Furthermore, due to its ability to reduce microbial activity, its antibacterial activity helps...
This gives it odor-resistant properties. Typically, various metals (mainly silver and copper), as well as metal oxides [such as copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide] are used.
TiO2 and zinc oxide (ZnO) were used in the antibacterial TCMNM.
Several properties of MNM have a significant impact on its antibacterial properties, including size, shape, specific surface area, chemical composition, surface chemistry, and surface properties.
Surface charge. The size and shape of MNMs have a significant impact on their antibacterial properties because they are related to specific surface area. Generally speaking, nano...
The antibacterial properties of rice grains are size-dependent; smaller grains have a higher specific surface area, allowing them to come into contact with more bacterial or fungal cells.
And to improve the efficacy of antibacterial and/or antifungal agents, or to improve the effectiveness of both simultaneously [23]. Therefore, compared with large particles at the micron and macroscopic scales
In contrast, small nanoparticles integrated into textiles still exhibit significant antibacterial activity even at very low concentrations [24-26].
The shape of MNMs significantly affects their interaction with microbial cells and their uptake rate; for example, spherical gold nanoparticles exhibit better interaction with microbial cells than rod-shaped ones.
Gold nanoparticles exhibit higher cellular uptake [27]. The surface charge of MNM is another important property (which can be measured by the Zeta potential method).
The antibacterial effect of MNM is triggered by the electrostatic interaction between positively charged MNM and the negatively charged microbial cell membrane, ultimately...
It causes cell damage while simultaneously inhibiting cell growth and reproduction. The surface chemistry of MNM also significantly affects its antibacterial activity; the surface of nanomaterials...
The presence of functional groups, protective agents, or biomolecules can potentially influence their antibacterial activity. Surface-functionalized antibacterial nanoparticles, such as those with biomolecules...
Silver nanoparticles containing bioactive molecules exhibited stronger antibacterial activity compared to bare silver particles [28]. The above-mentioned interactions highlight
The physicochemical properties of TCMNM have a significant impact on its antibacterial properties.
Currently, there are various TCMNM products on the market with antibacterial properties, such as underwear, shirts, socks, bed sheets, and duvet covers. Nanomaterials
The antibacterial mechanism of action can generally be described by the following three modes. oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, or non-oxidative mechanisms. These three reactions...
It may also occur simultaneously [22]. The antibacterial activity of TCMNM decreases significantly after repeated washing and soaking in sweat, which is due to the above process.
Embedded nanomaterials may be released, and sweat and detergent solutions may also chemically interact with them. Currently, there are no specific treatments for TC-
International standard documents for MNM products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an international standard document to evaluate the antibacterial properties of TCMMNM after washing or soaking in sweat.
This will promote trade and market growth for the product. It is worth noting that there are already international standards for assessing the antibacterial properties of conventional textiles.
There are also relevant standard documents for the detection and characterization of silver nanomaterials in textiles [19]. However, these documents do not address the issue of nanomaterials.
There is a potential problem that materials or nanostructures may be released from TCMNN after washing or soaking in sweat, and this process may affect the antibacterial activity of textiles.
Sexuality has an impact.
This document does not address the impacts of nanomaterials released from TCMMNM into the air, water, and landfills on nanosafety and the environment.
The data on the release of nanomaterials from textiles under different conditions, such as sweating and mechanical stress during washing machine washing (repeated abrasion), are important.
Damage), is considered important information for understanding the potential release of nanomaterials into the environment.
Artificial sweat is a candidate material suitable for mimicking human skin sweat, used to determine the release of nanomaterials from TCMNM into the human body.
Quantity. For many common applications of TCMNM, such as clothing and skin, there is a high probability that the textiles will come into contact with the nanomaterials, thus interacting with them.
[29] In this case, the interactions involved and the release of nanomaterials also affect the antibacterial properties of TCMNM.
Considering the impact of the washing process and artificial sweat on the release of nanomaterials in TCMNM, this document specifically addresses the release amount of nanomaterials.
The testing methods, antibacterial properties, and evaluation methods of TCMNM were standardized. Furthermore, the washing process for TCMNM was specifically described.
The process and contact with artificial sweat solutions.
nano technology
Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of textiles containing synthetic nanomaterials
1 Scope
This document describes a method for evaluating the antimicrobial properties of textiles containing artificial (metal/metal oxide) nanomaterials (TCMNM), including...
This includes experimental procedures for testing the release of nanomaterials from textiles after washing and/or contact with artificial sweat, and the antibacterial, antifungal, and other properties of TCMNM.
Methods for evaluating odor-proof performance.
This document applies to textiles, fabrics, yarns, and fibers that use artificial nanomaterials in their production or processing.
This document does not apply to textiles with therapeutic applications, nor does it address environmental, health, and safety (EHS) issues related to TCMNM.
Furthermore, this document does not consider the release of nanomaterials from TCMNM due to aging, drying loss, and wear, although the above-mentioned factors...
The process is also considered to be an influencing factor in the release of nanomaterials.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
ISO 105-E04 Textiles – Tests for colorfastness – Part E04.Colorfastness to perspiration
Note. GB/T 3922-2013 Textiles - Tests for color fastness - Color fastness to perspiration (ISO 105-E04.2013, MOD)
Note. GB/T 8629-2017 Textiles - Testing - Household washing and drying procedures (ISO 6330.2012, MOD)
ISO 13629-1 Textiles—Determination of antifungal properties of textiles—Part 1.Fluorescence method
Note. GB/T 39104.1-2020 Determination of antifungal properties of textiles - Part 1.Fluorescence method (ISO 13629-1.2012, MOD)
ISO /T S80004-1 Nanotechnology Vocabulary Part 1.Core Terms
Coreterms
Note. GB/T 30544.1-2014 Nanotechnology Terminology Part 1.Core Terminology (ISO /T S80004-1.2010, IDT)
EN16711-1 Determination of metal content in textiles – Part 1.Determination of metals by microwave digestion
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in ISO 6330 and ISO /T S80004-1, as well as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
The URLs for the terminology databases maintained by ISO and IEC for standardization are as follows.
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