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China machine-readable catalogue format for library authority data
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 46969-2025 (GB/T46969-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | China machine-readable catalogue format for library authority data | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A14 | | Classification of International Standard | 35.240 | | Word Count Estimation | 250,259 | | Date of Issue | 2025-12-31 | | Date of Implementation | 2026-07-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China | GB/T 46969-2025: China machine-readable catalogue format for library authority data---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 35.240
CCSA14
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Chinese Library Machine-Readable Standard Data Format
Published on 2025-12-31
Implemented on July 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 2
4.Field descriptions and symbol conventions 5.
4.1 Field Description Structure 5
4.2 Symbol Conventions 6
5.Format Structure 6.
5.1 Format Instructions 6
5.2 Overall Structure 6
5.3 Record header 6
5.4 Address Directory Section 7
5.5 Data Fields Area 7
5.6 Required Fields 8
5.7 Record Length 8
5.8 Character Set 8
5.9 Record Type 8
5.9.1 Classification 8
5.9.2 Standard Records 8
5.9.3 Reference Record 9
5.9.4 General Description Record 9
5.10 Relationship between retrieval points 9
5.10.1 Parallel Data 9
5.10.2 Alternating Text Data 10
5.10.3 Data with Different Rules 11
5.10.4 Composite retrieval point 11
5.11 Control Subfield 11
5.11.1 Basic Description of Control Subfields 11
5.11.2 Detailed Description of Control Subfields 12
6.Record headers and data fields --- Basic instructions 20
6.1 Duplicate Fields and Subfields 20
6.2 Field Order 21
6.3 Subfield Order 21
6.4 Character 21
6.5 Characters used when meaning is ambiguous 21
6.6 Data Format and Content 22
6.7 Catalogue Identifier 22
6.8 Field 22 used domestically
7.Record headers and data fields --- detailed explanation 22
7.1 Record header 22
7.1.1 Basic Explanation of Record Headers 22
7.1.2 Detailed Description of Record Headers 22
7.2 Identifier Block 25
7.2.1 Basic Description of Identifier Blocks 25
7.2.2 Detailed Description of Identifier Blocks 26
7.3 Encoded Information Block 36
7.3.1 Basic Description of Encoded Information Blocks 36
7.3.2 Detailed Description of Encoded Information Blocks 37
7.4 Standardized retrieval point block 69
7.4.1 Basic Description of Standardized Retrieval Point Blocks 69
7.4.2 Detailed Description of Standardized Retrieval Point Blocks 70
7.5 Note Block 110
7.5.1 Basic Description of the Notes Block 110
7.5.2 Detailed Explanation of Note Blocks 110
7.6 Mutation retrieval point block 124
7.6.1 Basic Description of Mutation Retrieval Point Blocks 124
7.6.2 Detailed Description of Mutation Retrieval Point Blocks 124
7.7 Related search point block 144
7.7.1 Basic Description of Relevant Search Point Blocks 144
7.7.2 Detailed Description of Related Search Point Blocks 145
7.8 Topic Analysis and Entity History Block 172
7.8.1 Basic Explanation of Topic Analysis and Entity History Blocks 172
7.8.2 Detailed Explanation of Topic Analysis and Entity History Blocks 172
7.9 Standardized search points for other languages and/or scripts 198
7.9.1 Basic Description of Standard Retrieval Blocks for Other Languages and/or Scripts 198
7.9.2 Detailed Description of Standard Retrieval Points in Other Languages and/or Scripts 198
7.10 Information Source Block 216
7.10.1 Basic Description of Information Source Block 216
7.10.2 Detailed Description of Information Source Block 217
Appendix A (Normative) Related Code 230
Appendix B (Informative) Complete Example 232
References 236
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Library Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC389).
This document was drafted by. National Library of China, Capital Library of China, Peking University, East China Normal University, Macau University of Science and Technology, and Beijing Guotu Bookstore.
Limited Liability Company.
The main drafters of this document are. Wang Yang, Gu D, Mao Yajun, Zhang Qimin, Wang Lu, Yu Shuangshuang, Yu Fei, Wang Yanqiao, Cui Yunhong, Wang Guangping, and Zhang Juan.
Yuan Yun and Wang Qin.
Introduction
0.1 Background
Machine-Readable Catalogues (MARC) were developed with the advancement of computer automation.
MARC is a computer-recognizable and processable data format. The advent of MARC marked a significant shift in document cataloging from traditional manual operations to...
The era of automation in computer processing. Research on MARC in my country began in the 1980s, initially focusing primarily on developing machine-readable books.
The format is as follows. In.1991, the first edition of the UNIMARC standard format was published, and my country began developing its own machine-readable standard format. (See "China Machine-Readable Standard Format")
The MARC format (WH/T 15-2002) was implemented as a cultural industry standard in.2002.Currently, the MARC format has become the standard for books in my country.
It is an indispensable tool for information resource exchange and communication within embassies and intelligence departments. The rapid development of information technology and the constantly changing information environment bring...
This has revolutionized cataloging theory and practice. To enable efficient and economical sharing of standardized data in the Internet environment, both in terms of quantity and authority...
To meet user needs, the Permanent Committee of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) UNIMARC revised the standard format multiple times, and it was officially published in.2009.
UNIMARC Manual. Authorities Format (3rd Edition,.2009)
UNIMARC Specification Format Manual (online version 1.0.0, 2023) was released in 2023.
The document was published. Furthermore, many countries have joined the Virtual International Standard Documentation Project (VIAF) to address standardization issues in the Semantic Web environment.
The issue of open data sharing.
0.2 Compilation Principles
This document is based on the Ministry of Culture's industry standard "Chinese Machine-Readable Specification Format" (WH/T 15-2002), and refers to the international standard published by the International Federation of Library and Instruction (IFLA).
The "UNIMARC Standard Format Manual (Online Version 1.0.0, 2023)" was compiled based on my country's cataloging practices and user needs.
0.3 Major Changes
Compared with similar standards currently in use, this document has the following main updates and changes.
a) Changes in terminology
Some terms have been renamed, such as.
Change “label” to “retrieval point”, “unified label” to “standardized retrieval point”, and “non-standard label” to “variant retrieval point”.
b) Renaming function blocks
Some functional blocks have been renamed. For example.
"Title Block" was changed to "Canonical Search Point Block", "Simple Reference Root Block" was changed to "Variant Search Point Block", and "Related Reference Root Block" was changed to...
The "Related Search Point Block" and "Classification Number Block" have been changed to "Classification and Entity History Block," and the "Connecting Title Block" has been changed to "Other Languages and..."
(or) the standard retrieval point of the text.
c) Controlling changes to subfield names and ranges
The content of some control subfields has been expanded. For example.
The name of the $5 subfield has been changed from "Root Lookup Control" to "Relationship Control". The character limit has been increased from 2 to 5 characters. (Added works)
Specific relationship code, actor-specific relationship code, relationship code between actor and work or content expression.
The name of the $7 subfield has been changed from "Text" to "Cataloging Text and Basic Retrieval Point Text". The length has been expanded from 2 characters to 8 characters.
Symbols. Added options for the direction of catalog text, rewriting of catalog text, basic search point text, text direction of basic search points, and basic...
The rewriting of the text for this search point.
The name of subfield $8 has been changed from "Cataloging Language" to "Cataloging Language and Basic Retrieval Point Language". It has also been expanded from 3 characters to 6.
Characters. Basic search point languages have been added.
d) Adding new fields
003 Permanent record identifier
010 International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)
017 Other Identifiers
033 Other system permanent record identifiers
035 Other System Control Numbers
036 Music Introduction
050 International Standard Text Encoding (ISTC)
051 International Standard Music Composition Code (ISWC)
052 International Standard Audiovisual Works Number (ISAN)
061 International Standard Recording Code (ISRC)
101 entity languages
102 Entity Nationality
104 Encoded Data Field. The Entity's Primary Date
105 Encoded Data Fields. The Format of Content Expression
106.Encoded Data Field. Entity Name Used as a Subject Retrieval Point
120 Coded Data Field. Personal Name
122 Encoded Data Field. Period of the Work's Content
123 Coded data field. Administrative jurisdiction or geographical name
125 Encoded Data Field. Reader Object
127 Encoded Data Fields. Playback Time and Shooting Information
128 Encoded Data Fields. The form of the musical work and its key or mode.
140 Encoded Data Fields. Content and Form of the Work
169 Chinese ethnic groups and historical era codes
180 Encoded data fields. format, genre, or physical characteristics
216 Standard Search Points --- Trademarks
217 Standardized Search Points---Printer/Publisher Marks
223 Standardized Search Points---Role
231 Standardized Search Point --- Title (Work)
232 Standardized Search Points --- Title (Content Expression)
241 Standardized Search Points --- Name/Title (Work)
242 Standardized Search Points --- Name/Title (Content Expression)
243 Standardized Search Points --- Commonly Used Names/Titles of Legal and Religious Texts
280 Standardized Retrieval Points --- Form, Dimension, or Physical Characteristics
333 User/Reader Target Notes
334 Award Notes
340 Biographical and Event Notes
341 Notes on Activities Related to Printers/Publishers
356 Geographical Notes
370 Notes to the Work
371 Content Expression Notes
378 Summary of the work or content
416 Variant Retrieval Points --- Trademarks
417 Variant Retrieval Points --- Printer/Publisher Marks
423 Mutation Retrieval Point---Role
431 Mutation Retrieval Point --- Title (Work)
432 Variant Retrieval Point --- Title (Content Expression)
441 Mutation Retrieval Point --- Name/Title (Work)
442 Variant Retrieval Point --- Name/Title (Content Expression)
443 Variant Retrieval Points --- Common Names/Titles of Legal and Religious Texts
480 variant search points --- form, genre, or physical feature
501 Related Search Points --- Names of Individuals Responsible for the Work
502 Related Search Points --- Names of individuals responsible for the content's expression
511 Related Search Points --- Names of Organizations Responsible for the Work
512 Related search points --- Names of organizations responsible for the expression of content
516 Related Search Points---Trademarks
517 Related search points---Printer/Publisher logo
521 Related search points --- Family names responsible for the work
522 Related search points --- Family names responsible for the content expression
523 Related Search Points --- Roles
531 Related search points --- Title (work)
532 Related Search Points --- Title (Content Expression)
541 Related search points --- Name/Title (Work)
542 Related Search Points --- Name/Title (Content Expression)
543 Related search points --- Common names/titles of legal and religious texts
580 related search points --- form, genre, or physical characteristics
600 Subject Search Points --- Personal Name
601 Subject Search Point --- Group Name
602 Subject Search Point --- Family Name
606 Subject Search Points --- Topic Titles
607 Subject Search Points --- Geographical Names
608 Subject Search Points --- Form or Genre of the Work
610 Subject Search Points --- Non-Controlled Subject Terms
616 Subject Search Points---Trademarks
617 Subject Search Points --- Hierarchical Geographic Names
631 Subject Search Points --- Title (Work)
632 Subject Search Points --- Title (Content Expression)
640 Locations and dates relating to the entity
641 Subject Search Points --- Name/Title (Work)
642 Subject Search Points --- Name/Title (Content Expression)
696 Other domestic classification methods
716 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- Trademarks
717 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- printer/publisher marks
723 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- Roles
731 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- title (work)
732 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- title (content expression)
741 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- Name/Title (Work)
742 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- Name/Title (Content Expression)
743 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- common names/titles of legal and religious texts
780 Standard search points for other languages and/or scripts --- formal, textual, or physical features
822 Other system-related data
836 Replaced search point information
856 Electronic Resource Address and Retrieval
886 Unable to convert data from source format
e) Cancel field
015 International Standard Specification Data Number
Chinese Library Machine-Readable Standard Data Format
1 Scope
This document specifies the standard structure of computer-readable specification records, including field identifiers, field indicators, and subfield identifiers, to...
The logical and physical format of the recorded content on media such as magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical disc.
This document applies to cataloging institutions, library and information departments, other document management departments, and international cataloging institutions, using standard accounting methods.
Standardized data information exchange in a computer-readable format.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
GB/T 1988 Information Technology - Seven-bit Coded Character Set for Information Interchange
GB/T 2311 Information Technology - Character Code Structure and Extension Technology
GB/T 2312 Basic Set of Chinese Character Coded Character Set for Information Interchange
GB/T 2659 (All Parts) Codes for the Names of Countries and Regions and Their Administrative Divisions
GB/T 2901 Information and Document Information Interchange Format
GB/T 3304 Romanization and Codes of the Names of Ethnic Groups in China
GB/T 3792 Description of Information and Document Resources
GB/T 4880.2 Language Name Codes Part 2.3-Letter Codes
GB/T 7408.1 Representation for the Interchange of Date and Time Information - Part 1.Basic Principles
GB/T 13000 General Coded Character Set for Information Technology (UCS)
GB/T 13141 Greek Alphabet Encoded Character Set for Information Interchange
GB/T 13142 Latin Alphabet Code Character Extension Set for Information Interchange
GB 18030 Information Technology Chinese Coded Character Set
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