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Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment and management of human cold and heat stress
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GB/T 42841-2023
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 42841-2023 (GB/T42841-2023) | | Description (Translated English) | Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment and management of human cold and heat stress | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A25 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.180 | | Word Count Estimation | 206,272 | | Date of Issue | 2023-08-06 | | Date of Implementation | 2023-08-06 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 42841-2023: Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment and management of human cold and heat stress
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ICS 13.180
CCSA25
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Ergonomics of Thermal Environments
Assessment and management of hot and cold stress in humans
Published on 2023-08-06 Implemented on 2023-08-06
State Administration for Market Regulation
Released by the National Standardization Administration Committee
Table of contents
Preface V
1 Scope 1
2 Normative reference documents 1
3 Terms and Definitions 2
4 symbols 6
5 Risk assessment strategies to prevent heat stress or discomfort in the work environment8
5.1 General 8
5.2 The concept of evaluation strategy 9
5.3 Phase 1.Observational Assessment9
5.4 Phase 2.Analytical Assessment 12
5.5 Phase 3.Expertise-Based Assessment14
6 Cold workplaces – risk assessment and management15
6.1 General 15
6.2 Assessment and Management Strategies15
6.3 Cold risk assessment and management practices17
7 Thermal damage assessment based on physiological index measurements19
7.1 General 19
7.2 Core temperature measurement (tcr) 20
7.3 Skin temperature measurement (tsk) 22
7.4 Thermal damage assessment based on heart rate (HR) 23
7.5 Physiological strain assessment of body mass loss (Δmsw) due to sweating 23
8 Determining and explaining heat stress through computational analysis for predicting heat damage24
8.1 General 24
8.2 Principles of evaluation methods 24
8.3 Main calculation steps 25
8.4 Required Sweat Rate Explanation 26
9 Determine and explain cold stress using essential clothing thermal resistance (IREQ) and local cold effects 27
9.1 General 27
9.2 Principles of evaluation methods 27
9.3 Whole body cooling 28
9.4 Local cooling 31
9.5 Practical evaluation and explanation of cold environment 32
10 Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme heat or cold33
10.1 General 33
10.2 Overview 33
10.3 Ergonomic investigation 34
10.4 Occupational exposure35
11 Estimation of clothing thermal resistance and water vapor resistance 36
11.1 Overview 36
11.2 Use of standards 36
11.3 Estimating the thermal resistance of clothing based on the thermal resistance table and measurements of the standing warm-up dummy 37
11.4 Estimation of clothing area coefficient 39
11.5 Estimation of thermal resistance of the air layer (boundary layer) on the outer surface of clothing 39
11.6 Estimation of water vapor resistance 40
11.7 Effects of human movement and air flow on clothing thermal resistance and water vapor resistance 41
11.8 Other factors affecting the thermal resistance of clothing 47
Appendix A (informative) Examples of heat or discomfort precautions 49
Appendix B (Informative) Checklist for identifying cold-related problems at work51
Appendix C (informative) Analysis of issues related to cold 55
Appendix D (Informative) Cold Environment Operation Planning and Management Guide 59
Appendix E (informative) Cold environment working health questionnaire 63
Appendix F (Informative) Assessment and Management of Cold Environment Operations in Indoor Work---Example from Food Processing Industry 67
Appendix G (informative) Comparison of physiological assessment methods of thermal injury 69
Appendix H (Informative) Measurement Technology 72
Appendix I (informative) Limits of physiological parameters of thermal damage77
Appendix J (Normative) Data necessary for calculation of thermal balance 79
Appendix K (informative) Criteria for evaluating acceptable exposure times in high-temperature working environments85
Appendix L (informative) Metabolic rate 87
Appendix M (informative) Heat transfer characteristics of clothing 90
Appendix N (informative) Computer program and solution example for calculating and predicting thermal damage model 92
Appendix O (Normative) Heat Balance Calculation 93
Appendix P (Informative) Physiological Guidelines for Cold Exposure 95
Appendix Q (informative) Metabolic rate and thermal characteristics of clothing 97
Appendix R (informative) IREQ evaluation example 99
Appendix S (informative) Determination of wind chill temperature 101
Appendix T (informative) Determination and interpretation of cold stress application software using required clothing thermal resistance (IERQ) and local cold effects 110
Appendix U (informative) Basic ergonomic principles when volunteers may feel discomfort 111
Appendix V (Informative) Medical Effects of Exposure to Cold and Heat 113
Appendix W (informative) Medical supervision in extreme high temperature environments in laboratories 117
Appendix X (informative) Medical supervision in extreme low temperature environments in laboratories 121
Appendix Y (informative) Practical needs for medical supervision in laboratory environments or environments where volunteers are infrequently exposed125
Appendix Z (informative) Occupational exposure to intense heat and cold 126
Appendix AA (Normative) Thermal resistance value of clothing suit 129
Appendix BB (Normative) Thermal resistance value of a single piece of clothing 144
Appendix CC (Normative) Clothing breathability index value 169
Appendix DD (informative) Body-warming dummy to measure clothing thermal resistance and water vapor resistance 179
Appendix EE (Informative) Human Experiment on Clothing Thermal Resistance and Water Vapor Resistance 184
Appendix FF (informative) Different expressions of clothing thermal resistance 185
Appendix GG (informative) Heat transfer estimation of reflective clothing 187
Appendix HH (informative) Guidelines for determination of covered body surface area 189
Reference 191
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents"
Drafting.
This document refers to ISO 15265.2004 "Ergonomics of thermal environments. Risk assessment for the prevention of heat stress or discomfort in work environments"
Strategy" (see Chapter 5), ISO 15743.2008 "Ergonomics of thermal environments Risk assessment and management of cold workplaces" (see
Chapter 6), ISO 9886.2004 "Ergonomics Thermal Damage Assessment Based on Physiological Index Measurements" (see Chapter 7), ISO 7933.2004
"Ergonomics of Thermal Environments to Determine and Explain Heat Stress through Computational Analysis to Predict Thermal Damage" (see Chapter 8), ISO 11079.2007 "Thermal
Environmental ergonomics using essential clothing thermal resistance (IREQ) and local cold effects to determine and explain cold stress" (see Chapter 9),
ISO 12894.2001 Ergonomics of thermal environments Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme heat or cold (see Chapter 10) and
ISO 9920.2009 "Estimation of Thermal Resistance and Water Vapor Resistance of Ergonomic Clothing in Thermal Environments" (see Chapter 11) 7 international standards were drafted, one
The degree of consistency is not equivalent.
Please note that some content in this document may be subject to patents. The publisher of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed and coordinated by the National Ergonomics Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC7).
This document was drafted by. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Guangdong Midea HVAC Equipment Co., Ltd., China Institute of Standardization, Nanjing TICA Environmental
Jing Technology Co., Ltd., Fujian Yabot Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Winning Energy Efficiency Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., SDIC Winning Quality Infrastructure
Shi Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao Haier Intelligent Technology R&D Co., Ltd., Guangdong Midea Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia University of Technology, An
Huiyangzi Air Conditioning Co., Ltd., Ningbo Fangtai Kitchenware Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mitsubishi Electric·Shangling Air Conditioning and Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Lian
Dongwuwu Technology Co., Ltd., Aopu Home Furnishing Co., Ltd., Beijing Guanghui Derun Aviation Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu Meizhi Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd., Chongqing University.
The main drafters of this document. Qiu Yifen, Yue Bao, Zhao Chaoyi, Wang Rui, Qi Yun, Yang Yahua, Su Shiqiao, Wang Binhou, Zhang Hao, Zhang Yiwen, Wei Bo,
Feng Chaoqing, Zeng Xiaocheng, Guo Junjie, Zhou Xingfa, Chen Yaliang, Zhang Xinyu, Ding Yunxiao, Yang Bing, Li Wei, Gao Jianfeng, Zhang Jiazheng, Cheng Yong, Du Shunkai,
Mei Zhiguang, Ge Meng, Zhang Wentao, Zhang Di, Liang Tao, Tian Jun, Ma Yuexin, Shao Yanpo, Huang Guojun, Yu Cailing, Gao Ping, Lin Kai, Wang Jingjing, Zheng Chunyuan,
Li Hongwei, Li Shaochun.
Ergonomics of Thermal Environments
Assessment and management of hot and cold stress in humans
1 Scope
This document.
---Describes a strategy for assessing and explaining risks of physiological limitations or discomfort when a person works in a given climate environment;
---Proposes strategies and practical tools for assessing and managing cold risks in the workplace;
---Proposed the conditions and conditions for evaluating heat loss based on the measurement of physiological parameters such as human body core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate and weight loss.
method;
---Specifies methods for analyzing, evaluating and explaining the heat stress experienced by the human body in a thermal environment, and predicting the sweat rate of the human body under working conditions
and core temperature;
---Specifies the evaluation methods and strategies for cold stress when the human body is exposed to cold environments;
---Provides recommendations for the safety of humans exposed to extreme thermal environments, helping those responsible for such risks to cope with different situations.
determine the level of medical supervision under the circumstances;
---Specifies the estimation of heat transfer characteristics of clothing suits (dry) under steady-state conditions based on known clothing thermal resistance values of clothing, suits and textiles
Heat loss and evaporation heat loss resistance) method; the effects of body movement and air penetration on thermal resistance and water vapor resistance were studied.
This document applies to.
---Heat stress evaluation at any operating temperature;
---Risk assessment for indoor and outdoor cold places, but not applicable to diving situations or other types of work performed underwater;
---Thermal damage evaluation based on physiological indicators for working conditions in the fields of ergonomics, industrial hygiene and other fields;
---Evaluation of low temperature stress under conditions of continuous exposure, intermittent exposure, and occasional exposure in indoor and outdoor working environments, not applicable
Specific impacts related to certain meteorological conditions (e.g. precipitation, including rain, snow, ice) that are evaluated using other methods;
---Medical supervision in experimental settings and in occupations requiring exposure to extreme heat environments, addressing the expectations of the population under both conditions
An assessment should be made for heat stress, but the arrangements for medical supervision will be slightly different for different situations;
---Evaluate the impact of human movement and clothing breathability on thermal resistance and breathability resistance.
2 Normative reference documents
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, the dated quotations
For undated referenced documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated referenced documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
this document.
GB/T 18048-2008 Determination of ergonomic metabolic rate in thermal environments
GB/T 40233-2021 Ergonomic physical quantity measuring instruments for thermal environments
GB/T 40288-2021 Ergonomic terms and symbols for thermal environments
fabricstoair)
ISO 13732-3.2005 Ergonomics of thermal environments. Methods for evaluation of reactions to surfaces in contact with the human body. Part 3.Cold surfaces (Er-
withsurfaces-Part 3.Coldsurfaces)
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