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GB/T 39791.1-2020: (Technical Guide for Eco-environmental Damage Identification and Assessment General Outline and Key Links - Part 1: General Outline)
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(Technical Guide for Eco-environmental Damage Identification and Assessment General Outline and Key Links - Part 1: General Outline)
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GB/T 39791.1-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 39791.1-2020 (GB/T39791.1-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | (Technical Guide for Eco-environmental Damage Identification and Assessment General Outline and Key Links - Part 1: General Outline) | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z06 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.020.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 22,288 | | Date of Issue | 2020-12-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-01-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No. 79 [2020] | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 39791.1-2020: (Technical Guide for Eco-environmental Damage Identification and Assessment General Outline and Key Links - Part 1: General Outline)
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(Technical Guide for Eco-environmental Damage Identification and Assessment General Outline and Key Links Part 1.General Outline)
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Technical Guidelines for Ecological Environment Damage Identification and Assessment
General Outline and Key Links Part 1.General Outline
Technical guidelines for identification and assessment of environmental
damage-General principles and key components
-Part 1.General principles
2020-12-29 released
2021-01-01 implementation
Ministry of Ecology and Environment
State Administration for Market Regulation
release
ICS 13.040.50
Z 64
Table of contents
Foreword...ii
1 Scope of application...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 General...2
5 Determination of Ecological Environment Damage...5
6 Causality Analysis...6
7 Physical quantification of ecological environmental damage...7
8 Quantification of Ecological Environment Damage Value...8
9 Evaluation of Ecological Environment Restoration...9
Appendix A (informative appendix) Compilation requirements of ecological environment damage assessment report...10
Appendix B (Informative Appendix) Equivalent Analysis Method...13
Appendix C (Informative Appendix) Comparison and Selection of Ecological Environment Restoration Plans...17
Appendix D (informative appendix) commonly used environmental value assessment methods...18
General outline and key links of technical guidelines for ecological environment damage assessment
Part 1.General Outline
1 Scope of application
This standard stipulates the general principles, procedures, content and methods of ecological environmental damage assessment.
This standard is applicable to the identification and assessment of environmental damage caused by environmental pollution or ecological destruction.
This standard does not apply to the identification and assessment of ecological and environmental damage caused by nuclear and radiation.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or their clauses. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this standard.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this standard.
Notice of the Ministry of Justice on Issuing the Format of Judicial Authentication Documents (Sifatong [2016] No. 112)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Environmental damage
Environmental air, surface water, sediments, soil, groundwater, sea water and other environmental elements and plants caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction
Unfavorable changes in biological elements such as animals and microorganisms, as well as the degradation and service reduction of the ecosystem composed of these elements.
3.2
Ecological functions
In the process of material circulation and energy conversion that sustain life, the ecosystem provides various benefits to humans and organisms, usually including supply
Service, adjustment service, cultural service and support function.
3.3
Survey area
In order to determine the type, scope and extent of ecological environmental damage, the areas that need to be surveyed, monitored, observed, observed, investigated, and measured,
Including the areas where environmental pollution or ecological damage occurs, possible impact areas, damage areas, and control areas.
3.4
Assessment area
The investigation found that adverse changes in environmental quality, degradation of ecological service functions, etc., need to be carried out to identify, analyze and confirm ecological environmental damage.
Recognized area.
3.5
Baseline
The state of the ecological environment and its service functions in the assessment area when environmental pollution or ecological destruction has not occurred.
3.6
Interim damage
From the occurrence of ecological environmental damage to the restoration to the baseline period, the ecosystem service function is lost or reduced.
3.7
Pollution clean-up
The process of using engineering and technical means to block, control, remove, transfer, fix and dispose of pollutants in the ecological environment.
3.8
Environmental remediation
After the pollution removal is completed, in order to further reduce the concentration of pollutants in the environment, engineering and management methods are used to reduce the human body caused by environmental pollution.
The process of reducing health or ecological risks to acceptable risk levels.
3.9
Ecological restoration
Take necessary and reasonable measures to restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions to the baseline and compensate for the damage during the period, including the environment
Restoration and restoration of ecological service functions. According to different restoration goals and stages, ecological environment restoration can be divided into basic restoration, compensatory restoration and
Supplementary recovery.
3.10
Primary restoration
The process of taking necessary and reasonable natural or artificial measures to restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions to the baseline.
3.11
Compensatory restoration
The process of taking necessary and reasonable measures to compensate for the damage to the ecological environment during the period.
3.12
Complementary restoration
When basic restoration cannot fully restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions, or compensatory restoration cannot compensate for the damage during the period, the amount
External and remedial measures to further restore the damaged ecological environment and its service functions and compensate for the process of damage during the period.
3.13
Permanent damage
The damaged ecological environment and its ecological service functions are difficult to restore, and its ability to provide services to humans or other ecosystems is completely lost.
3.14
Identification and assessment of environmental damage
In accordance with prescribed procedures and methods, comprehensively use science and technology and professional knowledge to investigate environmental pollution, ecological damage and ecological environment
Damage situation, analyze the causal relationship between environmental pollution or ecological damage and ecological environmental damage, and evaluate environmental pollution or ecological damage
The scope and extent of the damage to the ecological environment, determine the restoration measures for the restoration of the ecological environment to the baseline and compensate for the damage during the period, and quantify the ecological environment
The process of damage amount.
4 General
4.1 Principles of Appraisal and Evaluation
4.1.1 Principles of legal compliance
Appraisal and evaluation work shall comply with relevant national and local laws, regulations and technical specifications. Forgery of data and fraud are prohibited.
4.1.2 The principle of scientific rationality
The appraisal and evaluation work shall formulate a scientific, reasonable and operable work plan. Appraisal and evaluation work plan should include strict quality control
And quality assurance measures.
4.1.3 The principle of independence and objectivity
The appraisal agency and appraisers shall use professional knowledge and practical experience to independently and objectively carry out appraisal
The influence of stakeholders.
4.2 Appraisal and evaluation technical standard system composition
The technical standard system for identification and assessment of ecological environmental damage consists of four categories. general outline and key links, environmental elements, ecosystems and basic methods.
Technical guide composition. The general outline and technical guidelines for key links stipulate the general principles, procedures, content and methods of ecological environmental damage assessment
law. The Technical Guide for Environmental Factors focuses on environmental factors such as surface water, sediment, soil, groundwater, seawater and other environmental damage caused by environmental pollution
Identification and evaluation. Ecosystem technology guide focuses on forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans and other ecosystems and their ecological services due to ecological damage
Identification and evaluation of functional impairment. The technical guidelines for basic methods stipulate the key technical methods used in the identification and assessment of ecological environmental damage.
In practice, the technical guidelines for environmental elements and ecosystems should be the main focus, and the general outline, key links, and technical guidelines for basic methods should be referred to.
To carry out ecological and environmental damage identification and assessment.
4.3 Appraisal and evaluation content
According to the needs of appraisal and assessment, the content of ecological environment damage appraisal and assessment includes.
a) Investigate the facts of environmental pollution or ecological damage;
b) Determine the facts and types of ecological environmental damage;
c) Analyze the causal relationship between environmental pollution or ecological damage and ecological environmental damage;
d) Determine the temporal and spatial scope and extent of ecological environmental damage;
e) Evaluate the possibility of restoration of the ecological environment and formulate a restoration plan;
f) Quantify the value of ecological environment damage;
g) Evaluate the effect of ecological environment restoration.
4.4 Scope of appraisal
The time range of ecological environmental damage identification and assessment is based on the occurrence of environmental pollution or ecological damage, and the damaged ecological environment and its
The service function is restored to the baseline as the end point; the spatial scope should be comprehensively used on-site investigation, environmental monitoring, remote sensing analysis, and model prediction.
It is determined according to the scope of the migration and diffusion of pollutants or the influence scope of ecological damage.
4.5 Appraisal and evaluation procedures
The procedures for identification and assessment of ecological damage include.
a) Work plan formulation. Through data collection, site surveys, seminar visits, literature review, remote sensing image analysis, etc.,
Grasp the environmental pollution or ecological damage and the basic situation of the ecological environment, determine the purpose of the ecological environment damage identification and assessment,
Object, scope, content, methods, quality control and quality assurance measures, etc., to prepare appraisal and evaluation work plans;
b) Damage investigation and confirmation. Grasp the facts of environmental pollution or ecological damage, investigate and compare the ecological environment and its service functions
Status and baseline, determine the facts and types of ecological environmental damage;
c) Causality analysis. According to the investigation results of environmental pollution or ecological damage and ecological environmental damage, analyze the environmental pollution or
The causal relationship between ecological damage and environmental damage;
d) Physical quantification of damage. Clarify quantitative indicators for different types of ecological environmental damage, and quantify the temporal and spatial scope and process of ecological environmental damage
Degree; analyze the feasibility of restoring the damaged ecological environment; clarify the goals of ecological environment restoration, and formulate alternative methods for ecological environment restoration
To determine the best recovery plan;
e) Quantification of damage value. Count the actual pollution removal costs; estimate the implementation costs of the best ecological environment restoration plan;
When the ecological environment cannot be restored or only partially restored, the environmental value assessment method can be used to quantify the value of ecological environmental damage;
f) Evaluation report preparation. Compile ecological environment damage appraisal and assessment report (opinion), and establish a complete appraisal and assessment work
file;
g) Evaluation of recovery effect. Track the implementation of basic restoration and compensation restoration plans for ecological environmental damage, carry out necessary investigations and
Monitor and evaluate the effect of restoration of the ecological environment, and carry out supplementary restoration when necessary.
See Figure 1 for the assessment procedure of ecological damage. In practice, the above-mentioned related work should be carried out according to the entrusted items of appraisal
Simplify work procedures appropriately according to the entrusted matters. When necessary, special studies should be conducted on key issues in the evaluation of ecological environmental damage.
4.6 General requirements for preparing appraisal evaluation report (opinion)
The appraisal and evaluation agency shall, in accordance with the requirements of the appraisal entrusting party and in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, prepare a forensic appraisal opinion or appraisal
Assessment report. The compilation of the judicial appraisal opinions shall comply with the requirements of the “Notice of the Ministry of Justice on Printing and Distributing the Format of Judicial Appraisal Documents”.
The format of the appraisal opinion should highlight the identification process and analysis of ecological environmental damage determination, causal relationship analysis, and quantification of ecological environmental damage
Analyze instructions. See Appendix A for the format and content requirements of the appraisal report. An independent evaluation report should be prepared for the evaluation of the effect of ecological environment restoration
Report.
5 Determination of ecological environmental damage
5.1 Ecological environmental damage investigation
Through data collection and analysis, personnel interviews, site surveys, environmental monitoring, questionnaire surveys, ecological surveys, remote sensing image analysis, etc.,
Grasp the facts of environmental pollution or ecological damage, investigate and assess the ecological environment quality of the area and the current status and baseline of its service functions. base on needs,
The content of ecological environment damage investigation may include.
a) The time and place of the environmental pollution behavior, the distribution of pollution sources (such as quantity and location), the types of characteristic pollutants and their emission
Release conditions (such as emission method, emission destination, emission frequency, emission concentration and total amount, etc.);
b) The time, place, method of damage, objects of damage, scope of damage, and land use or vegetation coverage of ecological damage
Type changes, etc.;
c) The current status and baseline of environmental quality in the assessment area, such as ambient air, surface water, sediment, soil, groundwater, and seawater;
d) The current status and baseline of the ecosystem structure and service function types of the assessment area;
e) The pollution removal and ecological environment restoration measures that have been carried out in the assessment area and their costs;
f) The current status and recoverability of the ecological environment damage in the area where alternative restoration is possible.
5.2 Baseline determination method
Appropriate evaluation indicators and methods should be selected to investigate and determine the baseline. Methods of determining the baseline include.
a) Historical data. Prioritize the use of historical data before the occurrence of environmental pollution or ecological damage in the assessment area to determine the baseline. usable
Historical data such as routine monitoring, special surveys, and academic research carried out in the assessment area. The historical data collected should be marked
The source and time of the data, and the data used should be screened and screened. Historical data should have better time and space in the evaluation area.
The data collection methods such as sampling and testing of historical data are comparable with current survey data. The number of samples (points
The number of bits or sampling times) is not less than 5.The variability of historical data should be statistically described, and extreme values in the data should be identified
Or outliers and analyze their causes to determine whether to eliminate extreme values or outliers. Determined according to the meaning of professional knowledge and evaluation indicators
Baseline, for data that obeys a normal distribution, when pollution or damage causes the evaluation index to rise, 90% of the historical data is used
The upper limit of the reference value (1.65 times the standard deviation of the arithmetic mean) is used as the baseline; when pollution or damage causes the evaluation index to decrease, the
The 90% lower limit of the historical data reference value (arithmetic mean-1.65 times the standard deviation) was used as the baseline. For non-normal distribution
When pollution or damage leads to an increase in the evaluation index, the 90th percentile of historical data is used as the baseline;
When contamination or damage causes the evaluation index to decrease, the 10th percentile of historical data is used as the baseline;
b) Control data. When there is a lack of historical data in the assessment area or the historical data does not meet the requirements, the unpolluted environment or the
The historical or current data of the "control area" affected by bad ecological behaviors determines the baseline. Should select one or more
Comparable control areas that are not affected by environmental pollution or ecological damage. The comparison area data should have a good time
And spatial representation, and its data collection method should be comparable to the evaluation area, and comply with the quality assurance regulations of the evaluation plan,
The number of samples (number of points or sampling times) is not less than 5.For the collected historical data, the source and time of the data should be indicated,
The information used should be screened and screened. The variability of the “control area” data should be statistically described to identify the data
The extreme value or outlier value and analyze the reason to determine whether to eliminate the extreme value or outlier, according to the meaning of professional knowledge and evaluation index
To determine the baseline, the determination principle is the same as a);
c) Standard benchmark. When it is not feasible to use historical data or comparison data to determine the baseline, refer to the applicable national or local environmental quality
Quantitative standards or environmental benchmarks to determine the baseline; when standards and benchmarks exist at the same time, priority is given to the application of environmental quality standards;
When using standards or benchmarks, please refer to relevant standards or benchmarks issued by foreign government departments or international organizations;
d) Special research. When necessary, special research should be carried out, technical guidelines should be formulated in accordance with relevant environmental standards, and environmental standards should be derived as the basis
Line; it is also possible to construct the ecological environment quality and the toxic effects of organisms, population density, species abundance, biodiversity, etc.
The dose-response relationship between price indicators determines the baseline.
5.3 Determination of ecological environmental damage
Compare the current status and baseline of the ecological environment and its service functions in the assessment area, and carry out special studies when necessary to determine the ecological environment damage in the assessment area
The facts and the type of damage. The determination of ecological environmental damage shall meet any of the following conditions.
a) Concentrations of characteristic pollutants or related physical and chemical indicators in the ambient air, surface water, sediments, soil, groundwater, and seawater of the assessment area
Exceed the baseline
b) The concentration of substances in the ambient air, surface water, sediment, soil, groundwater, and seawater in the assessment area is sufficient to cause a biological toxicity reaction
should;
c) Death, disease, abnormal behavior, tumor, genetic mutation, physiological dysfunction, and deformity of the biological individual in the assessment area;
d) The biological population characteristics (such as population density, sex ratio, age composition, etc.), community characteristics (such as abundance, density, cover
The degree, frequency, abundance, etc.) or ecosystem characteristics (such as biodiversity) have adversely changed from the baseline;
e) Compared with the baseline, the ecological service function of the assessment area is reduced or lost;
f) Other situations that cause damage to the ecological environment.
6 Causality analysis
6.1 Causality analysis of environmental pollution behavior
The content of the analysis of the causal relationship between environmental pollution and ecological environmental damage includes.
a) Time sequence analysis. Analyze and judge the time sequence of environmental pollution behavior and ecological environmental damage. Environmental pollution
Should occur before the ecological environment damage;
b) Homology analysis of pollutants. Sampling and analysis of the composition, concentration and isotope abundance of pollutants in pollution sources, environmental media and organisms
Etc., using stable isotopes, radioisotopes, fingerprints, multivariate statistical analysis and other technical methods to determine pollution sources,
Whether the pollutants in environmental media and organisms have homology;
c) Analysis of the rationality of the migration path. Analyze and evaluate natural environmental conditions such as climate and weather, topography and geomorphology, hydrogeology, etc., to determine pollution
The possibility of contaminants migrating from the pollution source to the environmental medium; if it causes biological damage, the possibility of the pollutant reaching the biological
Capability. Establish the migration path hypothesis from the pollution source through the environmental medium to the organism, identify each unit that divides the migration path,
Use spatial analysis, migration and diffusion models and other methods to analyze the migration direction and concentration changes of pollutants, analyze and judge each
Whether the unit can form a complete chain to verify the continuity, rationality and integrity of the migration path;
d) Analysis of the possibility of biological exposure. Identify the exposure media, exposure pathways and exposure methods of organisms exposed to pollutants, and combine organisms
Internal exposure and external exposure measurement to determine the possibility of biological exposure to pollutants;
e) Analysis of the possibility of biological damage. Through literature review, expert consultation and toxicological experiments, analysis of pollutant exposure and biological
The correlation between the damage, to clarify the possible mechanism of action between pollutant exposure and biological damage; to establish the relationship between pollutant exposure and damage
The dose-response relationship, combined with the concentration of pollutants in environmental media, internal biological exposure and external exposure, etc., analyze and determine biological
The possibility of damage caused by exposure level;
f) Analyze the influence of natural and other man-made factors, and explain the uncertainty of causality analysis.
6.2 Causality analysis of ecological damage
The content of the analysis of the causal relationship between ecological damage and ecological environmental damage includes.
a) Time sequence analysis. Analyze and judge the time sequence of ecological destruction and ecological environmental damage. Destructive behavior
Should occur before the ecological environment damage;
b) Analysis of the possibility of damage. According to ecological theory, through literature review, expert consultation, remote sensing image analysis, sample survey and
Ecological experiments and other methods to analyze the relationship between ecological damage and ecological environmental damage;
c) The establishment of a chain of causality. Based on ecological the...
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