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GB/T 39644-2021: Plain bearings - Technical specifications for Tin-based alloy plain bearings of rotating machinery
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Plain bearings - Technical specifications for Tin-based alloy plain bearings of rotating machinery
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GB/T 39644-2021
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 39644-2021 (GB/T39644-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Plain bearings - Technical specifications for Tin-based alloy plain bearings of rotating machinery | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J12 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,121 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 39644-2021: Plain bearings - Technical specifications for Tin-based alloy plain bearings of rotating machinery
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Plain bearings - Technical specifications for Tin-based alloy plain bearings of rotating machinery
ICS 21.100.10
J12
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Sliding bearing for rotating machinery
Technical conditions of tin-based alloy bearings
Released on 2021-03-09
2021-10-01 implementation
State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration
Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee
Table of contents
Foreword Ⅰ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Conditions of use 2
5 Technical requirements 2
6 Detection method 5
7 Inspection rules 6
8 Quality report 7
9 Packaging, transportation and storage 7
Appendix A (informative appendix) Hydrogen content requirements and testing methods for backing materials 8
Appendix B (informative appendix) Metallographic structure quality requirements and testing methods 9
Appendix C (informative appendix) Binding strength quality requirements and testing methods 10
Reference 11
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Sliding Bearing Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC236).
Drafting organizations of this standard. Hunan Chongde Technology Co., Ltd., China Machinery Productivity Promotion Center, Wolong Electric Nanyang Explosion-proof Group Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd., China Yangtze Power Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai Electric Group Shanghai Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Hunan Xiangdian Power Co., Ltd., West
An Jiaotong University, Yixing Huanyu Bearing Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Dongfang Electric Group Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Steam Turbine Co., Ltd.
Company, Shanghai Electric Power Plant Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai Turbine Factory, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Zhuji Bearing Factory Co., Ltd., Xi'an Shaanxi
Drum Power Co., Ltd., Shenyang Blower Group Co., Ltd., Jintongling Technology Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zhongda Precision Department
Piece Co., Ltd.
This standard is interpreted by the Secretariat of the National Plain Bearing Standardization Technical Committee.
Sliding bearing for rotating machinery
Technical conditions of tin-based alloy bearings
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements and inspection requirements for tin-based alloy bearings for rotating machinery, as well as manufacturing, packaging, transportation and storage
Claim.
This standard applies to rotating machinery and equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, generators, motors, compressors, fans, pumps, rolling mills, etc.
The hydrodynamic lubrication of tin-based alloy bearings used in. Sliding bearings with similar operating conditions and operating conditions can also be implemented with reference to this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 191 Packaging, storage and transportation pictorial signs
GB/T 699 High-quality carbon structural steel
GB/T 728 tin ingot
GB/T 1174 Cast bearing alloy
GB/T 1176 Cast copper and copper alloy
GB/T 1184-1996 shape and position tolerance without tolerance value
GB/T 1804 General Tolerance Tolerance of linear and angular dimensions without tolerance
GB/T 2889.1 Sliding bearing terms, definitions, classifications and symbols Part 1.Structure, bearing material and its performance
GB/T 3260 (all parts) Tin chemical analysis method
GB/T 4336 Carbon steel and low- and medium-alloy steel determination of multi-element content Spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry (conventional method)
GB/T 5121 (all parts) Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys
GB/T 9439 Gray Iron Castings
GB 11120 turbine oil
GB/T 11352 Cast carbon steel parts for general engineering
GB/T 12948 Destructive test method for bimetal bond strength of sliding bearing
GB/T 13808 Copper and copper alloy extruded rods
GB/T 17107 Structural steel grades and mechanical properties for forgings
GB/T 18329.1 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing of the bonding strength of multi-layer metal sliding bearings of sliding bearings
GB/T 18329.3 Sliding Bearings Multilayer Metal Sliding Bearings Part 3.Non-destructive Penetration Inspection
GB/T 26016-2010 high purity nickel
GB/T 27939 Quality control technology and inspection of sliding bearing geometry and material quality characteristics
GB/T 39741.1 Sliding Bearing Tolerance Part 1.Fit
JB/T 4058-2017 Cleanliness of steam turbine
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2889.1 and GB/T 12948 apply to this document.
3.1
Bondingquality
The degree of bonding between the bearing alloy and the backing.
3.2
Bondingqualitygroups
The bonding quality (3.1) between bearing alloy and backing is classified by combining defect grouping.
3.3
Bondingarea
The area covered by the bearing alloy on the backing of the bearing.
Note. Contains the edge joint area (3.4).
3.4
Bondingareaonedgezones
The visible transition area between the bearing alloy and the backing.
4 Conditions of use
Tin-based alloy bearings for rotating machinery should operate under the following operating conditions.
a) The long-term minimum speed and load of rotating machinery should be able to establish a complete hydrodynamic oil film.
b) The oil supply system can continuously provide lubricating oil for lubrication and cooling.
c) Bearing lubricating oil is recommended to use corresponding turbine oil or other suitable lubricating oil that meets the requirements of GB 11120.
d) The oil inlet temperature of the bearing under circulating lubrication is usually controlled at 5℃~60℃, and it is recommended to be between 35℃~50℃.
e) The maximum allowable bearing temperature Tlim depends on the bearing material and lubricating medium. It is recommended to take the smaller value after comprehensive consideration. Conventional allowable parameters
The test values are shown in Table 1.
f) The relative clearance of the bearing should comply with the average relative clearance of the bearing determined in accordance with the design of GB/T 39741.1.
Table 1 Empirical value of bearing maximum allowable temperature
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Materials
The recommended bearing backing, intermediate layer and lining raw materials are shown in Table 2.Both the supplier and the buyer can choose the appropriate material combination according to their needs.
Other material grades and composition ranges that meet the requirements of use can be selected.
Note 1.The chemical composition of the bearing lining material may change during the manufacturing process, and the allowable amount of change is determined by the supplier and the buyer through negotiation.
Note 2.Some chemical elements are restricted or prohibited by the laws and regulations of some countries, and attention should be paid when related countries or regions are involved.
Group A defects. suitable for newly-made bearings with backing thickness ≤70mm, without voids, holes and interruptions in the backing area. Wall thickness does not change more than
Over 50%.
Defects in groups B1 and B2.suitable for newly-made bearings with backing thickness ≤100mm, without voids, holes and interruptions in the backing area. Wall thickness change
Not more than 50%.
Group C defects. suitable for newly-made bearings or repaired bearings with backing thickness ≤100mm (if necessary, there can be gaps and holes in the backing area
And interrupt). The wall thickness does not change more than 50%.
Defects in Group D. Applicable to newly-made bearings and repaired bearings whose defect groups do not belong to Group A, Group B and Group C.
Note. The combination quality grade given in this article overlaps with the group code of the surface defect grade given in 5.2.5.Please pay attention to the difference between the two when using it.
5.2.3 Dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation annealing treatment should be carried out on the steel or forgings before the tin-based alloy is cast, and the combination should be carried out according to the dehydrogenation temperature and time curve corresponding to the thickness.
recording.
5.2.4 Casting
The casting process shall comply with the verified process regulations that meet the requirements of casting quality.
5.2.5 Surface quality of tin-based alloys
After finishing the tin-based alloy layer, there should be no shrinkage holes on the surface, and it is classified according to the defect level of GB/T 18329.3.New bearing push
It is recommended to use Group C or above. High-speed bearings or important equipment should use a grade not lower than Group B. See 6.3 for testing methods.
5.2.6 Repair of tin-based alloy defects
After negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the tin-based alloy defects can be repaired, and the repaired bearing should meet the corresponding quality requirements.
5.3 Dimensions and accuracy
The size and geometric tolerances of tin-based alloy bearings for rotating machinery are different due to the specific application fields, working conditions and model requirements of the product.
Make uniform regulations. Therefore, the size and geometric tolerance requirements should be negotiated by the supplier and the buyer and indicated in the drawing.
GB/T 1804-m, the geometric tolerance without note is in accordance with GB/T 1184-K.
The geometrical quality characteristics specified in GB/T 27939 and given in Table 4 of this standard shall be selected by the supplier and the buyer through negotiation and shall be included in the technical report.
5.4 Appearance quality
The appearance of the product should be free of burrs, foreign objects, bruises, and corrosion.
5.5 Assembly quality
The positioning of the two halves of the bearing bush and bearing body should be accurate, and there should be no looseness or misalignment after re-disassembly.
5.6 Cleanliness
Product cleanliness should meet the requirements of JB/T 4058-2017 "Jie-2" or above, higher cleanliness requirements are negotiated by the supplier and the buyer
determine.
5.7 High-pressure jacking pressure
The internal high-pressure oil circuit of the bearing with high-pressure jacking structure should be pressure tested.
6 Detection method
6.1 Chemical composition
In the backing raw materials, the chemical composition of carbon structural steel, cast steel, and cast iron was tested according to the method specified in GB/T 4336, and there was dispute
The chemical analysis method is used for arbitration; the raw materials of cast copper shall be tested according to the method specified in the corresponding part of GB/T 5121.
The chemical composition of the raw material of the lining shall be tested according to the method specified in the corresponding part of GB/T 3260.
In the raw materials of the intermediate layer, the chemical composition of the tin ingot is tested according to the method specified in GB/T 3260 (all parts).
The chemical composition of the material is tested according to the glow discharge mass spectrometry specified in Appendix A of GB/T 26016-2010.
In the finished bearing product, the chemical composition of the lining material is generally not required. When requested by the buyer, the chemical composition is determined by the supplier and the buyer through consultation.
The method specified in the corresponding part of GB/T 3260 shall be tested.
6.2 Combination quality
Ultrasonic testing method and penetration testing method are used to detect the bonding quality of tin-based alloy and backing. The testing methods are respectively in accordance with GB/T 18329.1 and
The requirements of GB/T 18329.3 shall be implemented.
6.3 Surface quality of tin-based alloys
The penetrant inspection method is used to detect the surface defects of tin-based alloys, and the inspection method shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 18329.3.
6.4 Dimensions and accuracy
The geometric dimensions and accuracy of the bearing products should be tested with suitable tools and measuring tools with appropriate accuracy levels. The surface roughness should be rough.
Roughness tester is used for testing.
The mandrel measurement is recommended for the clearance detection of radial tilting pad bearings.
6.5 Appearance
Visual inspection method is adopted for appearance inspection.
6.6 Cleanliness
The cleanliness inspection is carried out in accordance with the requirements of JB/T 4058-2017.
6.7 Stress test
The test parameters and methods are negotiated and determined by the supplier and the buyer.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection of bearing material
7.1.1 Backing
The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the materials of each smelting furnace number should be retested. Samples should be taken from the body of the material. With the consent of the purchaser,
Single-cast test bars that are cast in the same furnace and heat treated in the same furnace can be used. Castings and forgings should be subjected to performance heat treatment according to the requirements of the buyer, and corresponding hot spots should be provided
Management report. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the material should all be qualified.
7.1.2 Lining layer and intermediate layer
The material of each smelting furnace number shall be sampled for chemical composition testing, and the chemical composition of the materials shall be all qualified.
7.2 Factory inspection of bearings
Each bearing product should be inspected. The inspection items include the technical requirements that the finished bearing should meet, and the quality of the bearing
Other quality report documents provided, and other factory inspection items shall be negotiated and determined by both parties.
7.3 Type inspection
When there is a change of production, a factory transfer, a resumption of work after a production stop, a major change in structure or materials or processes, or contract provisions, the technical requirements of this standard shall be followed.
Require testing, and test the bonding strength and metallographic structure of bearing products.
8 Quality report
Quality reports include but are not limited to the following items.
---The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the backing material;
---Chemical composition of the lining material;
---Dehydrogen treatment temperature, time curve and furnace number (if needed);
---Heat treatment report (provided when steel castings or forgings are used for the backing);
---Ultrasonic test report;
---Penetration test report;
---Geometric quality characteristic value, surface roughness, assembly quality;
---Other factory technical data.
9 Packaging, transportation and storage
9.1 The surface of the bearing alloy should be properly protected to prevent damage that affects the performance of the bearing. The backing surface can be protected by appropriate methods.
Rust treatment.
9.2 According to the bearing structure, size and weight, choose a suitable packing box.
9.3 The packaging should be sturdy to ensure the safety and quantity of the bearings and other items in the box.
9.4 According to the requirements of different regions, the packaging should have measures such as waterproof, moisture-proof, rust-proof, anti-vibration, anti-corrosion, and anti-collision.
9.5 The packaging box should have obvious signs such as upward, moisture-proof and rain-proof, and the packaging signs should meet the requirements of GB/T 191.
9.6 The delivery certificate, technical documents, delivery test certificate and packing list should be attached to the packing box.
9.7 Before the goods are shipped, the manufacturer shall mark the following in striking Chinese or English on the side of each packing box.
---The consignee and (or) the consignee code;
---destination;
---Transportation signs;
---Goods name and item number, box number;
---Contract No;
---Gross/Net weight;
---Packing box volume (length, width, height).
9.8 The technical documents provided by the manufacturer with the goods shall be individually sealed and packaged, and the surface and inside of the package shall have the following marks.
---Receiver;
---destination;
---item name;
---Contract No;
---List of random technical documents, etc.
9.9 The temperature of the warehouse for storing bearings is generally maintained at 5℃~40℃, and the relative humidity should not exceed 70%. In long-term storage, check every other year
Check the rust prevention condition once, and repack the rust prevention if necessary.
9.10 The buyer has special requirements for packaging, transportation, and storage, which shall be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.
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