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Nanotechnologies - Health and safety practices in occupational settings
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GB/T 33715-2025
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Nanotechnologies -- Health and safety practices in occupational settings relevant to nanotechnologies
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Standard similar to GB/T 33715-2025
GB/T 33715 GB/T 50034 GB/T 50082 Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 33715-2025 (GB/T33715-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Nanotechnologies - Health and safety practices in occupational settings |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | C52 |
| Classification of International Standard | 07.120 |
| Word Count Estimation | 122,117 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-10-05 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-05-01 |
| Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 33715-2017 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 33715-2025: Nanotechnologies - Health and safety practices in occupational settings
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 07.120
CCSC52
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 33715-2017
Nanotechnology Workplace Health and Safety Guidelines
(ISO /T R12885.2018, IDT)
Published on 2025-10-05
Implemented on May 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms and Definitions 1
4.Abbreviations 1
5 Nanomaterials. Overview and Preparation 3
5.1 Artificial Nanomaterials 3
5.2 Preparation Method 4
5.2.1 Typical Preparation Methods 4
5.2.2 Aerosol Method 4
5.2.3 Vapor Deposition Method 5
5.2.4 Colloid/Self-Assembly Method 5
5.2.5 Electrodeposition 5
5.2.6 Electrospinning 5
5.2.7 Grinding method 5
6.Hazard Characterization 5
6.1 Health Impacts 5
6.1.1 Overview 5
6.1.2 Basic Principles and Uncertainties 6
6.1.3 Information on the health effects of associated or naturally occurring NOAAs 7
6.1.4 Relationship between particle surface area, surface chemical properties, and quantity and their toxicity 7
6.1.5 Inflammatory response caused by NOAA 7
6.1.6 Epidemiological studies of fine particles and nanoparticles 8
6.2 Physical Hazards 8
6.2.1 Fire (Exothermic Event) 8
6.2.2 NOAA Production Risks 9
7.Exposure assessment of nanomaterials 9.
7.1 Overview 9
7.2 Scientific Framework for Nanomaterial Exposure Assessment 10
7.2.1 Exposure route 10
7.2.2 Measurement criteria for assessing exposure to nanomaterials in air 11
7.3 Overview of Characterization Methods for Man-Made NOAA Exposure 13
7.3.1 Overview 13
7.3.2 Sampling Method 15
7.4 Dust Assessment 18
7.4.1 Overview 18
7.4.2 Measurement Method 18
7.5 Skin Exposure Assessment 18
7.5.1 Sampling 18
7.5.2 Sample Characterization 19
7.6 Dose Assessment (Internal Exposure) 19
7.7 Discussion 19
7.8 Summary 20
8.Workplace Risk Assessment 20
8.1 Introduction and Scope of Application 20
8.2 NOAA Risk Assessment 20
8.2.1 Overview 20
8.2.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Assessment 21
8.2.3 Hazard Identification 21
8.2.4 Exposure-Effect Dose-Response Assessment 22
8.2.5 Exposure Assessment 23
8.2.6 Risk Characterization 23
8.3 Conclusion 24
9 Risk Mitigation Approaches 24
9.1 Introduction 24
9.2 Impact of Risk Assessment on Control Methods 24
9.2.1 Background 24
9.2.2 Control Strategy 25
9.3 Examination of Control Methodologies 26
9.3.1 Exposure Prevention 26
9.3.2 Control Strategy 26
9.3.3 Reducing Risk Through Effective Design 27
9.3.4 Substitution of Raw Materials, Products, Processes and Equipment 27
9.3.5 Engineering Technology 28
9.3.6 Management methods for workplace exposure control 34
9.3.7 Work Environment Assessment 38
9.3.8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 38
9.4 Health monitoring 42
9.5 Product Supervision 43
Appendix A (Informative) Main Chemical Components of Nanomaterials 45
Appendix B (Informative) Studies on the Specific Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Animals and Cell Culture 52
Appendix C (Informative) Characteristics of Selected Instruments and Techniques for Monitoring Nanoaerosol Exposure 63
Appendix D (Informative) Characteristics of Biosafety Cabinets 70
Appendix E (Informative) Designated Protection Factor 71 for Respirators
Appendix F (Informative) Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Types of Air Purification Particulate Respirators 73
References 75
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document supersedes GB/T 33715-2017 "Guidelines for Occupational Health and Safety in Nanotechnology Workplaces". (The document is consistent with GB/T 33715-...)
Compared to.2017, the main technological changes are as follows.
a) Added "abbreviations" (see Chapter 4);
b) Added "Manufacturing of nanomaterials" (see 5.1);
c) Section 5.1.1 "Carbon-containing nanomaterials" has been deleted (see 5.1.1 in the.2017 version);
d) An "Overview" section has been added (see 7.1);
e) A new exposure route, "injection/parenteral route," has been added (see 7.2.1);
f) An overview and related updates have been added (see 7.3.1);
g) Added “Dust Assessment,” “Dose Assessment (Internal Exposure),” “Discussion,” and “Summary” (see 7.4, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8);
h) Added content such as "Challenges in establishing and implementing NOAA's specific OELs" (see 8.2.2);
i) Added content such as "Release Scenario" and "Release Recognition" (see 8.2.5);
j) Added content such as "Control Strategy" (see 9.2.2);
k) Added “Ventilation and General Methods” and “Personal Breathing Zone Sampling. Statistical” (see 9.3.5.2, 9.3.7.3).
This document is equivalent to ISO /T R12885.2018 "Occupational health and safety guidelines for nanotechnology workplaces", and the document type is changed from [previous document type].
ISO technical reports have been adapted into my country's national standards.
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Nanotechnology (SAC/TC279).
This document was drafted by. National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Zaozhuang University, and Haihe Institute of Cell Ecology.
Laboratory.
The main drafters of this document are. Wu Xiaochun, Ji Yinglu, Chen Chunying, Xu Haiyan, Bai Ru, Liu Jianbo, and Wen Tao.
This document was first published in.2017, and this is its first revision.
Introduction
The rapid development of nanotechnology has impacted all aspects of global industry and social life. It has contributed to economic development and improved living standards.
The international standardization of nanotechnology contributes to promoting human progress and sustainable development by improving and protecting public health and the environment.
Many new nanomaterials will enter the market and workplaces. These new materials will pose potential occupational safety and health risks to workers in related fields.
Risks. This document summarizes practical information on occupational safety and health regulations related to nanotechnology. Using the information in this document can help...
Helping companies, researchers, workers, and others prevent the production, handling, use, and removal of man-made nanoobjects and their aggregations larger than 100 nm.
Potential health and safety risks during the process of forming bodies and aggregates (NOAA).
This document is based on existing nanotechnology information, including characterization, health effects, exposure assessment, and control measures. As technology advances...
As knowledge and experience grow and develop throughout the process, this document will be revised and updated, and new safety standards will be established.
Nanotechnology involves materials at the nanoscale. "Nanoscale" refers to dimensions ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm (ISO /TC).
80004-1.2015)[1]. The following data can help to understand this scale. the diameter of a human hair is 10,000 nm to 100,000 nm, and a single
Red blood cells are approximately 5000 nm in diameter, viruses are typically 10 nm to 100 nm in size, and a single DNA molecule is approximately 2 nm in diameter.
The term "nanotechnology" can be misleading because it is not a single technology or scientific discipline. Nanotechnology encompasses physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and...
The complex combination of electronic processes, materials, applications, and concepts defines the key characteristic as size.
Nanomaterials possess unique physicochemical properties and hold promise for advancing numerous fields, including computing, biomedicine, and energy.
In its early stages, the potential applications of nanomaterials seemed to remain merely in the imagination. Typically, new companies related to this field spun off from university research departments, and...
There is no shortage of investors who support their ideas and products. Many new materials have been discovered and produced, some of which are claimed to have very...
Amazing properties, performance, and applications.
While much of the current hype is highly speculative, there is no doubt that governments and major industrial companies worldwide are investing heavily.
The source is used for the development and research of nanoscale processes, materials and products.
When common materials such as carbon and silicon are shrunk to the nanoscale, they often exhibit novel and unexpected properties, such as excellent strength and chemical properties.
Nanomaterials possess chemical activity, electrical conductivity, and properties not found at microscopic or macroscopic scales. A large number of nanomaterials have been produced, including nanotubes,
Nanowires and fullerene derivatives (buckyballs).
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the term "nanotechnology" was not yet known, but some artificial nanomaterials had already been developed.
Rice materials include zeolites, catalyst supports (such as MgCl2), pigments, and active fillers (such as carbon black and synthetic amorphous silica), and their commercial products...
The market size for materials in.2018 was well over $1 billion or 1 million tons.
Nanotechnology is finding new commercial applications. Nanomaterials are currently used in electronics, magnetism and optoelectronics, biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
The fields of pharmaceuticals, energy, catalysis, and materials are all involved. The highest-revenue areas for nanomaterials are chemical mechanical polishing, magnetic tapes, sunscreens, and automotive catalyst carriers.
Body, conductive coating and optical fiber.
Because the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are influenced by multiple factors and vary greatly, it is currently difficult for us to accurately determine their properties.
Accurately predicting the health impact of exposure to specific nanomaterials on workers is challenging. Furthermore, sufficient information regarding workplace exposure is not always available.
Furthermore, our ability to measure nanomaterials in the workplace (or larger areas) is also limited by current technological capabilities. Overall, even for...
Toxicological and epidemiological data for certain specific nanostructured materials (such as carbon black and synthetic amorphous silica) are known, but currently...
Our understanding of the chronic health effects of nanomaterials remains limited.
NOAAs belong to a category of nanomaterials. Because they can disperse in the air in the workplace and cause health problems through inhalation and exposure...
The risk of infection is a major concern, hence the particular attention it attracts. NOAA contains one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional nanostructures with external dimensions ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm.
These structures can be primarily composed of spheres, fibers, tubes, and sheets. NOAA can consist of individual primary structures at the nanoscale and those larger than [the original text is missing here, likely due to an error in the original source].
It consists of aggregated or clustered structures of 100 nm. Aggregates are new particles composed of strongly bound or fused particles. Clusters are weakly bundled...
An accumulation, aggregate, or mixture of bound particles.
Current knowledge in nanoscience falls short in identifying, characterizing, and assessing potential occupational exposures. These knowledge gaps can be addressed through
The problem has been perfectly solved through the intersection of multiple disciplines. In this rapidly developing field, occupational health practitioners, scientists, and toxicology practitioners...
(Including medical scientists and environmental scientists) play a vital role in protecting public health. Furthermore, in order to achieve this within a reasonable timeframe...
To obtain the critical information needed domestically, collaborative research (especially international collaboration) is essential.
Nanotechnology Workplace Health and Safety Guidelines
1 Scope
This document provides health and safety guidelines for workplaces related to nanotechnology. This document focuses on man-made nanomaterials and their sizes.
Professional manufacturing and application areas of 100nm aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA). While some information in this document may differ from natural processes...
NOAA incidental emissions during processes, thermal processes, and other standard operating procedures may also be related to potential consumer exposure and use, but this...
The document does not cover health and safety issues and guidelines in these areas.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
ISO /T S80004 (All Parts) Nanotechnology Terminology (Vocabularly)
Note. GB/T 30544 (all parts) Nanotechnology Terminology [ISO /T S80004 (all parts)]
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in ISO /T S80004 (all parts) apply to this document.
4.Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
Hygie-nists
APR. Air-purifying respirator
BET. Brunauer-Emmett-Teler
BMD. Benchmark dose
CNF. Carbon nanofiber
CNT. Carbon nanotube
DC. Unipolar Coronavirus Discharger