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GB/T 32726-2016: Soil quality -- Field soil description
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Soil quality -- Field soil description
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GB/T 32726-2016
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 32726-2016 (GB/T32726-2016) | | Description (Translated English) | Soil quality -- Field soil description | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B10 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.080.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 33,390 | | Date of Issue | 2016-08-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2017-03-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Announcement 2016 No.14 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | GB/T 32726-2016: Soil quality -- Field soil description---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Soil quality - Field soil description
ICS 13.080.01
B10
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Soil quality field soil description
(ISO 25177.2008, IDT)
Released on.2016-08-29
2017-03-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Basic information 1
3.1 sampling point/section number 1
3.2 Location 1
3.3 Geographic coordinates 1
3.4 Date of inspection 1
3.5 Recorders and institutions 2
4 section environment 2
4.1 Precipitation before precipitation 2
4.2 Land use at plot level (through detailed field survey) 2
4.3 Types of tillage, vegetation or artificial use (land level) 3
4.4 Topography of the sampling site 3
4.5 Slope length (m) 3
4.6 Slope 3
4.7 Slope 3
4.8 Properties of the parent material 3
4.9 Groundwater presence and depth 4
5 Surface features 5
5.1 Surface exposure of rock outcrops or unnatural substances (as in industrial sites) as a percentage of the total surface of the land 5
5.2 signs of erosion 5
6 Name of soil type 5
6.1 General 5
6.2 Types of soil classification systems used 5
6.3 Soil type named after the soil classification system used
6.4 Type 6 of the occurrence layer (soil layer)
6.5 Sequence of occurrence layer (soil layer) 6
7 occurrence layer (soil layer) description 6
7.1 General 6
7.2 Number of occurrence layers (soil layers) 6
7.3 depth 6
7.4 Estimation of humidity conditions 6
7.5 Color of the soil layer (soil layer) 7
7.6 markings 7
7.7 Organic matter content estimate 7
7.8 Texture 8
7.9 coarse fraction 8
7.10 Carbonate and foaming reactions 9
7.11 Main classification of soil structure 9
7.12 Tightness 10
7.13 Total porosity estimate 10
7.14 Root 10
7.15 Wormhole density (usually the average on several square decimeters) 11
7.16 The lower boundary of the occurrence layer 11
Appendix A (informative) Proportion estimation of speckle and coarse fractions, etc. Figure 12
Appendix B (informative) Reference soil unit of the World Soil Resources Reference Base (FAO, ISRIC and ISSS,.2006) 13
Appendix C (informative appendix) Name of the occurrence layer---taking the FAO system (2006) as an example 20
Appendix D (informative) Soil quality map example 24
Appendix E (informative) Field determination of soil texture 27
Appendix F (informative) Some soil structure types 29
Reference 30
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 25177.2008 "Soil Quality Field Soil Description" (English version).
The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this standard are as follows.
---GB/T 2659-2000 World and region name codes (eqvISO 3166-1.1997)
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Soil Quality Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC404).
This standard was drafted. Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, Jiangsu Institute of Standardization.
The main drafters of this standard. Shen Renfang, Dong Xiaoying, Xu Jianming, Gu Changqing.
Soil quality field soil description
1 Scope
This standard is a guide to describe the soil of a given site and its environmental conditions. Sampling points can be natural, near-natural, urban
Or industrial site. Note that one sample point may collect many soil samples when sampling. The information described in this standard will be for soil samples.
The analysis results provide basic information.
Note 1. It is not possible or necessary to record all the data items listed in this standard.
Note 2. ISO 15903 provides an overall guide to the expression of information in soil surveys.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
ISO 3166-1.2006 Country and subordinate area name codes Part 1. Country codes (Codesfortherepresentation
ofnamesofcountriesandtheirsubdivisions-Part 1.Countrycodes)
ISO 3166-2.2007 Country and subordinate region name codes Part 2. Country subordinate region codes (Codesforthe
Representationofnamesofcountriesandtheirsubdivisions-Part 2.Countrysubdivisioncode)
ISO 14688-2.2004 Geotechnical engineering survey and testing - Classification and identification of soils - Part 2. Classification principles (Geotechnical
investigationandtesting-Identificationandclassificationofsoil-Part 2.Principlesforaclassification)
3 Basic information
3.1 sampling point/section number
--- Section number;
--- Survey number or code.
3.2 Location
---country
Country codes as specified in ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2. For historical research, ISO 3166-3 is used when necessary
The name given.
---Administrative regions
Make adjustments according to the country (province, state, region, political district, town, etc.), including coded or uncoded.
3.3 Geographical coordinates
--- Geographic reference system types (angle, Lambert projection system and national grid reference system);
--- Location in the geo-reference system (latitude/minute/second, latitude/minute/second);
--- Altitude (m).
3.4 Date of inspection
---year;
---month;
---day;
---Time.
3.5 Recorders and institutions
--- Recorder's name;
---Qualification;
---institution name;
---department;
---address;
---phone;
---fax number;
---Email address.
4 section environment
4.1 Precipitation before precipitation
0 No precipitation in the last month
1 No precipitation in the past week
2 No precipitation in the past three days
3 There is precipitation in the past three days but the intensity is not strong
4 There are several days of moderate precipitation or high intensity precipitation on the day before observation.
5 Great precipitation, snow or flooding just occurred before observation
6 has not been recorded
4.2 Land-level land use (through detailed field surveys)
01 Building and industrial infrastructure
02 Mine (in or after mining)
03 Metal processing site
04 Chemical Site
05 Oil and gas production site
06 Metal manufacturing site
07 Food Processing Site
08 Waste disposal site
09 cultivated land
10 horticultural land
11 grazing land
12 Orchard, fruit plantation or vineyard
13 Forests, woodlands
14 Mixed land use (agriculture, forestry or farming)
15 Collection/fishing (natural plant use, hunting or fishing)
16 Nature protection (eg nature reserves, protected areas and erosion control areas using terraces)
17 wetlands (eg swamps, seasonal swamps, mangroves, etc.)
18 snow covered
19 bare rock and rocky surface
20 natural land
21 natural grass
22 Recreational land
23 Other types of unutilized and managed venues
4.3 Types of tillage, vegetation or artificial use (land level)
Record as clearly and accurately as possible. If you know the variety of cultivated plants, you can record them.
Examples. pasture (natural grassland, planting grassland); metal processing (iron-containing, iron-free); mine (iron ore, underground coal mine, open pit mine);
Ground (corn, oats, rice); garden (flowers, vegetables).
4.4 Topography of the sampled area
1 Location of the sampling point in the landscape
2 Terrain near the sampling point (scale. 0.1km)
4.5 Slope length (m)
In the flat case, it is marked as 0 (zero).
4.6 slope
The average slope is measured near the pit (flat flag is 0).
The slope can be expressed in percentage or degree.
--- slope, expressed as a percentage;
--- Slope, expressed in degrees.
4.7 slope direction
The aspect can be expressed in the following ways.
a) North-South-East-West
Northeast - Southeast - Northwest - Southwest
VV indicates that the slope direction changes, and AA indicates that the slope is horizontal;
b) Use azimuth according to the following specifications.
0° = north
90° = East
180° = South
270° = west
VV indicates that the slope direction changes, and AA indicates that the slope is horizontal.
4.8 Properties of the parent material
4.8.1 Modified or man-made substances
The nature of the parent material may vary due to human use or may be altered by the addition of artificial materials. Historical knowledge of the sampling site can provide the mother
Information on qualitative changes.
4.8.2 Natural substances
Depending on local conditions, the natural parent material and/or bedrock should be described as completely as possible. For example. glacial deposits, marine sediments, metamorphic bedrock,
Hard limestone, loess deposits, etc.
4.9 The existence and depth of groundwater
4.9.1 General
Groundwater depths fluctuate frequently throughout the year, sometimes associated with seasons and tides.
In 4.9.2, the depth of the water table is indicated in the sampling site description.
4.9.3 and 4.9.4 can be used to describe when the depth of the water table is known to change (pressure gauge, survey or water trace on the profile wall)
The change in the depth of the water table.
The minimum depth of the water table (the highest point of the water table) should be indicated in 4.9.3.
The maximum depth of the water table (the lowest point of the water table) should be indicated in 4.9.4.
If the recorder does not know the change in the depth of the water table, it should be recorded as “unknown” in 4.9.3 and 4.9.4.
If the depth of the groundwater level does not change, or if the recorder does not know if there is a deep change in the groundwater level, then 4.93 and 4.9.4 are not required.
4.9.2 Groundwater level depth
The depth of the water table can be described as.
a) observed or measured;
b) estimated;
c) Unobserved.
If the depth is estimated, observed or measured, it is expressed in centimeters.
4.9.3 Minimum depth of groundwater level
The minimum water table depth can be described as.
a) observed or measured;
b) estimated;
c) Unobserved.
If the depth is estimated, observed or measured, it is expressed in centimeters.
4.9.4 Maximum depth of groundwater level
The maximum groundwater depth can be described as.
a) observed or measured;
b) estimated;
c) Unobserved.
If the depth is estimated, observed or measured, it is expressed in centimeters.
4.9.5 Nature of water
A general estimate is made without reference to the threshold values for soluble salts and conductivity, or analytical data for contaminants and binders.
---S means salty;
---B means brackish;
---F means light;
---P indicates contamination or sticking.
It is also possible to express its properties in a comprehensive manner using SP, BP or FP.
5 Surface features
5.1 Surface exposure of rock outcrops or unnatural materials (as on industrial sites) as a percentage of the total surface of the land
The following categories are widely used in soil descriptions (compare the chart shown in Appendix A).
0 no. 0%
1 Very few. greater than 0% and less than or equal to 2%
2 less. greater than 2% and less than or equal to 5%
3 Moderate. greater than 5% and less than or equal to 15%
4 more. greater than 15% and less than or equal to 40%
5 rich. greater than 40% and less than or equal to 80%
6 Advantages. greater than 80%
7 not tested
5.2 signs of erosion
The following levels reflect the current state of soil erosion (or sedimentation), not the infringement that has occurred in the past or may occur in the future.
Eclipse (or deposition).
0 No obvious signs of erosion
1 visible signs of soil loss
1 flaky erosion
2 rill erosion
3 gully erosion
4 wind erosion
5 landslide
2 visible signs of soil deposition
6 Water deposition
7 wind accumulation
6 Name of soil type
6.1 General
The description of the on-site soil is generally specified with reference to an established basis in an established soil classification system. These assignments are usually based on
The expression of the soil occurrence process in the soil profile. There are many classification systems from various countries, but the International Soil Classification System is recommended.
System-World Soil Resource Reference Foundation (theWorldReferenceBase-WRB).
The process of soil formation leads to the formation of different layers of soil, which are usually more or less parallel to the surface of the terrain. These layers are called
Horizons. In soil frameworks that are deeply altered by human activities, man-made layers can come from various deposits (concrete, bricks, etc.).
These levels are referred to as "layers". Among many soil classification systems, including WRB, anthropogenic soils and industrial and urban landscapes
The soil is not easy to classify. In this case, the soil layer is described in terms of the soil profile described in Chapter 7.
6.2 Types of soil classification systems used
Record the soil classification or system used.
The WRB classification system is generally recommended.
6.3 Reference to the soil type named by the soil classification system used
For example. bleached leaching soil (Albicluvisol).
Appendix B lists the reference soil units with reference to the World Soil Resources Reference Base (2006).
Note. The reference base of the world soil resources can be queried on the Internet.
6.4 Types of occurrence layer (soil layer) naming methods
Identify the occurrence layer (earth layer) naming system used, for example. FAO (FAO,.2006) or other national classification system.
The occurrence layer (soil layer) naming system of FAO (2006) is exemplified in Appendix C. In the absence of a local or regional classification system
This system can be used as a reference.
6.5 Sequence of occurrence layer (soil layer)
Indicate the order of the soil layer (soil layer) in the section description.
Such as A/E/B/C (see Appendix C).
7 occurrence layer (soil layer) description
7.1 General
The following points should be recorded for each occurrence layer (soil layer).
7.2 Number of occurrence layers (soil layers)
The occurrence layer (soil layer) in each sampling point is numbered from 1 to n, and it should be described from the surface.
7.3 Depth
In centimeters, the average depth and depth range in which each occurrence (layer) occurs and disappears.
The organic layer consisting of undecomposed litter is represented by a number greater than zero and preceded by a sign.
7.4 Estimation of humidity conditions
The purpose of this clause is to indicate the moisture content of the soil during other observations and to guide the field determination of the soil moisture state.
It is difficult to directly estimate the soil moisture content in the field because the same volume of water is inconsistent in different soils, and its performance is taken
It depends on the nature of the soil material, the nature and size of the pores, and so on.
Observing the humidity state directly related to soil moisture content in the field is very meaningful. Determine the humidity state of the soil should be checked and corrected
Quasi-humidity analysis.
The soil moisture condition is expressed as follows.
a) Dry. Soil moisture is below the wilting point.
Viscous soil (generally with a clay content of more than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. hard, non-plastic, and the soil becomes darker when water is added.
Non-viscous soil (generally less than 17% clay content) can exhibit the following traits. the soil color is light, and the soil color becomes deeper when water is added.
Powdery.
b) Slightly moist. moisture content is between the field holding capacity and the withering point.
Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. it has a certain viscosity, but it is produced when it is formed into a 3mm thick mud strip.
Fragmentation, the color is slightly deeper when adding water.
Non-viscous soils (typically less than 17% clay) can exhibit the following traits. the color becomes slightly darker when water is added.
c) Wet. The moisture content is close to the field water holding capacity, but there is no free water.
Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. solid, can be smashed into 3mm thick mud without breaking, plus
The color does not change deeply when water is used, and no moisture is released when squeezed.
Non-viscous soil (generally less than 17% clay content) can exhibit the following traits. when the soil is in contact with the soil, the fingers are slightly moist, that is, the drill bit is used.
There is no water that escapes from the pores when drilling into the soil. The color does not change when water is added.
d) Very wet. Free water is present and all or part of the soil pores are saturated with water.
Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. soft, easily smashed into 3mm thick mud strips, with moisture during pinching
Released.
Non-viscous soil (generally less than 17% clay content) can exhibit the following traits. when the soil touches the soil, the fingers become wet, and when the soil sample is pressed
Visible free water.
e) Saturated. Free water fills all soil pores.
Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. mud, water soaked, and mud can pass through the soil when squeezed
Refers to overflow.
Non-viscous soils (typically less than 17% clay) can exhibit the following traits. significant water spills, and soil samples often become fluid.
f) Flooded. The surface of the soil is covered by water.
Only the upper layer that is close to the soil surface is considered.
7.5 The color of the soil layer (soil layer) matrix
When the soil moisture state is "wet", it is determined by comparing the Mensell soil color card.
7.6 markings
7.6.1 General
Speckle is a spot or plaque of various colors that is significantly different from the color of the matrix, and is also different from the surface of natural structures, wormholes, tuberculosis
Or any change in the nodule.
7.6.2 Abundance
The abundance of the markings is expressed in terms of levels, indicating the proportion of the exposed surface occupied by the markings. The following are widely used in soil description.
Level (cf. the figure shown in Appendix A).
0 no. 0%
1 Very few. greater than 0% and less than or equal to 2%
2 less. greater than 2% and less than or equal to 5%
3 Moderate. greater than 5% and less than or equal to 15%
4 more. greater than 15% and less than or equal to 40%
5 rich. more than 40%
7.6.3 Color
A full door color code should be provided, if conditions permit.
7.7 Estimation of organic matter content
Although the estimation of organic matter in the wild is difficult and requires local experience, the estimation of organic matter content is very important, especially
It is related to the interpretation of other soil variables.
0 lack or not detected
1 sufficient to deepen soil color
2 A fairly high organic matter content results in a darker soil and a lower density
3 Only organic substances can be detected
4 not determined
7.8 texture
7.8.1 Description of the qualitative map solution
Label the texture triangle name without coding, including the particle size division between the particles and the sand (see Appendix D and ISO 14688-2).
7.8.2 Estimation
Note that this is a soil texture that is artificially estimated in the field, unlike the “particle size distribution” performed in the laboratory. Appendix E provides a brief
Single texture test guide.
This is an estimate of the texture level of the fine soil (particle diameter less than 2 mm) in the soil layer.
The level of texture determined by manually determined soil texture levels and particle size analysis will vary (for example, refer to ISO 11277).
7.9 coarse fraction
7.9.1 General
The coarse component is the soil component with a particle size greater than or equal to 2 mm (as opposed to fine soil). Rock components are included in natural soils. in
In urban, industrial, and man-made soils, it may include other foreign materials such as metals, concrete, and glass.
7.9.2 Abundance (percentage of component volume)
The following categories are widely used in soil descriptions (cf. the map shown in Appendix A).
0 no. 0%
1 Rarely. greater than 0% and less than or equal to 2%
2 less. greater than 2% and less than or equal to 5%
3 Moderate. greater than 5% and less than or equal to 15%
4 more. greater than 15% and less than or equal to 40%
5 rich. greater than 40% and less than or equal to 80%
6 Advantages. greater than 80%
7.9.3 Maximum particle size of frequently observed coarse fractions
The following categories are widely used in soil descriptions.
1 0cm to less than or equal to 2cm
2 greater than 2cm and less than or equal to 7.5cm
3 greater than 7.5cm and less than or equal to 12cm
4 greater than 12cm and less than or equal to 25cm
5 is greater than 25cm
This can be named in national or local terms.
7.9.4 Nature
Record the properties of the coarse fraction as clearly as possible. In natural soils, the lithology of the coarse fraction should be recorded.
7.10 Carbonate and foaming reaction
Note. This is usually an important attribute of natural soil matter.
7.10.1 Strength of the foaming reaction
The field determination of carbonate content is based on the use of diluted 10 times (volume ratio) of hydrochloric acid solution to produce carbon dioxide when visible and vocal
It should be estimated (foaming reaction). As used herein, carbonate refers to calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.
0 no foaming reaction
No visible or audible foaming reactions were produced.
Usually corresponds to no carbonate.
1 weak foaming reaction
After a few seconds, a blistering reaction and some bubbles are produced.
Generally corresponds to a percentage of carbonate content of less than 2%.
2 moderate foaming reaction
Visible bubbles are usually limited to a single.
Generally corresponds to a carbonate content between 2% and 7%.
3 strong foaming reaction
Form a thin layer of continuous foam.
Generally corresponds to a carbonate content between 7% and 25%.
4 extreme foaming reaction
A strong reaction, the bubbles quickly form a thick layer of foam.
Generally corresponds to a carbonate content of more than 25%.
7.10.2 Location of the foaming reaction
The following categories are widely used in soil descriptions.
1 universal
The soil matrix (particle size less than 2 mm) and coarse-grained components react with the acid.
2 is present in the soil matrix
Only fine particulate matter produces a foaming reaction (particle size less than 2 μm).
3 exists in coarse-grained substances
Only coarse particles produce a foaming reaction.
7.11 Main classification of soil structure
Appendix F lists some of the soil's structure.
It is important to record the size of the structural components (in cm).
0 unstructured
Continuous unstructured agglomerates.
1 single
A loose block composed of individual particles.
2 fibrous or layered
a specific structure occurring in an organic layer in which plant residues having fibrous structures (such as needles) or layered structures (such as leaves) are still easy
For identification.
3 Sphere (agglomerate or granule)
The formation of soil fauna activity has a low bulk density and can be described as a fluffy substance.
4 blocky
Block or polygon elements with flat or slightly rounded surfaces and roughly equal three dimensions.
5 prismatic or cylindrical
The unit has an angular or slightly rounded surface that is wider than the horizontal plane.
If the top of the unit is bent, the structure can be described as cylindrical.
6 flat or flaky
A structure consisting mainly of parallel flaky soil.
When the surface is horizontal, the structure is called a sheet.
If the parallel sheet is from an initial rock structure, the structure is considered to be a "rock structure."
7 rocks
The rock structure is preserved in the C or R layer (such as weathered schist or weathered conglomerate).
7.12 Tightness
Since the soil compaction estimated by the knife test is closely related to soil moisture (see 7.4), the soil moisture condition should also be recorded.
1 pine
The knives can be easily inserted into the handle without the tight material.
2 Slightly tight
A little effort is required to insert the knife into the soil.
3 tight
Even with a considerable amount of force, the knife cannot be fully inserted.
4 very tight
The knife cannot be inserted, up ...
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