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Refrigerated display cabinets - Part 2: Classification, requirements and test conditions
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 21001.2-2026 (GB/T21001.2-2026) | | Description (Translated English) | Refrigerated display cabinets - Part 2: Classification, requirements and test conditions | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J73 | | Classification of International Standard | 97.130.20 | | Date of Issue | 2026-03-31 | | Date of Implementation | 2026-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 21001.2-2015 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China | GB/T 21001.2-2015: Refrigerated display cabinets -- Part 2: Classification, requirements and test conditions
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GB
ICS 97.130.20
J 73
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
GB/T 21001.2-2015 / ISO 23953-2.2005
Replacing GB/T 21001.2-2007
Refrigerated display cabinets - Part 2.
Classification, requirements and test conditions
(ISO 23953-2.2005, IDT)
制冷陈列柜
Issued on: SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
Implemented on: APRIL 01, 2016
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative references ... 7
3 Terms and definitions ... 8
3.1 General ... 8
3.2 Compression-type refrigeration systems ... 9
3.3 Indirect refrigeration-type systems ... 9
4 Requirements ... 10
4.1 Construction ... 10
4.2 Operating characteristics ... 16
5 Tests ... 17
5.1 General ... 17
5.2 Tests outside test room ... 18
5.3 Tests inside test room ... 19
6 Test report ... 75
6.1 General ... 75
6.2 Tests outside test room ... 75
6.3 Tests inside test room ... 76
7 Marking ... 81
7.1 Load limit ... 81
7.2 Marking plate ... 83
7.3 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer... 83
Annex A ... 85
A.1 General ... 85
A.2 Measurement of TDA in a refrigerated display cabinet ... 85
Annex B... 97
Annex C ... 99
C.1 Preparation and testing ... 99
C.2 Examination of samples ... 100
Bibliography ... 102
Foreword
GB/T 21001 “Refrigerated display cabinets” consists of 3 parts.
- Part 1. Vocabulary;
- Part 2. Classification, requirements and test conditions;
- Part 3. Test rating.
This Part is Part 2 of GB/T 21001.
This Part is drafted according to the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 and GB/T 20000.2-
2009.
This Part replaces GB/T 21001.2-2007 “Refrigerated display cabinets - Part 2.
Classification, requirements and test conditions”. Compared with GB/T 21001.2-2007,
the main differences of this Part are as follows.
- MODIFY the requirements for the installation location of temperature sensors;
- REARRANGE the order of Table 3 according to the moisture content;
- ADD the requirements for the relation BETWEEN cabinet placement AND air
movement direction of vertical refrigerated cabinets and semi-vertical
refrigerated cabinets;
- DELETE the test package with a dimension of 37.5 mm × 100 mm × 200 mm
and a quality of 750 g in Table 4 of 5.3.1.4;
- ADD the content of new clause 5.3.1.6 “Alternative for filling test packages”;
- ADD the placement requirements for the air deflector of vertical plug-in cabinets
and Figure 10 in 5.3.2.1;
- MODIFY the requirements about air movement direction when the door is opened
on the second and third paragraphs of 5.3.2.2;
- DELETE the test package with a dimension of 37.5 mm × 100 mm × 200 mm in
5.3.2.3.1;
- ADD relevant requirements for the use of European standard pallets at the end
of 5.3.2.3.1;
- MODIFY the tolerance on the loading height in 5.3.2.3.2 a);
- ADD the explanatory notes for refrigerated cabinet for sensitive foodstuffs in
This Part has the following editorial modification.
- ADD the content of ISO 23953-2.2005’s amendment Amd.1.20012 (E).
This Part was proposed by the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China.
This Part shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Technical
Committee on Refrigeration (SAC/TC 119).
Drafting organizations of this Part. Internal Trade Engineering Design & Research
Institute, Dalian Sanyo Cold Chain Co., Ltd., Qingdao Haier Special Freezer Co., Ltd.,
Hisense Rongsheng (Guangdong) Freezer Co., Ltd., Yindu Kitchen Equipment Co.,
Ltd., Guangdong Star Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., Qingdao Haier Carrier
Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., AHT Refrigeration Equipment System (Changshu)
Co., Ltd., Shanghai Highly Nakano Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Snow
Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd., Qingdao Hairong Commercial Cold Chain Co., Ltd.,
Shandong Xiaoya Retail Equipment Co., Ltd., Aucma Co., Ltd., Shandong Fergus
Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd., Hoshizaki Electric (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Shanghai General
Fushi Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., Epta (Qingdao) Commercial Facilities Co.,
Ltd., Changshu Der Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd., Wenling Arctic Ocean Fresh
Refrigerated Cabinet Plant, Beijing Synergy Vacuum Glazing Technology Co., Ltd.,
Tianjin University of Commerce, Jimei University, Beijing University of Technology,
China Refrigeration Institute, National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment.
Main drafters of this Part. Liu Xiaopeng, Xiao Yang, Yang Ping, Sun Zhonghao, Jiang
Xiaolin, Cheng Kai, Sun Gongbing, Ding Jianbo, Yang Bo, Li Wenhao, Wang Mingguo,
Chen Yongjun, Wang Xiaofeng, Zhou Xiaobo, Xu Ye, Ye Haiping, Shen Jiang, Zhang
Jianyi, Zhang Liangyi, Liu Zhaoyong, Guan Qiusheng, Xu Yufeng, Wang Tie, Ji Zhijian,
Zhang Jinghao, Ma Hongkui, Li Hongqi, Hu Zhaolong, Jiang Yi, Si Chunqiang, Zhang
Yanjie, Yang Yifan.
This Part was first-time issued in July, 2007. This is the first revision.
Refrigerated display cabinets – Part 2.
Classification, requirements and test conditions
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 21001 specifies requirements for the construction, characteristics
and performance of refrigerated display cabinets used in the sale and display of
foodstuffs. It specifies test conditions and methods for checking that the requirements
have been satisfied, as well as classification of the cabinets, their marking and the list
of their characteristics to be declared by the manufacturer.
This Part is not applicable to refrigerated vending machines or cabinets intended for
use in catering or similar non-retail applications; nor does it cover the choice of the
types of foodstuffs chosen to be displayed in the cabinets.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 21001.1-2015 Refrigerated display cabinets - Part 1. Vocabulary (ISO
23953-1.2005 + Amd.1.2012 (E), IDT)
ISO 817 Refrigerants - Designation system
ISO 9050 Glass in building - Determination of light transmittance, solar direct
transmittance, total solar energy transmittance and ultraviolet transmittance, and
related glazing factors
IEC 60335-2.89 Safety of household and similar electrical appliance - Part 2.
Particular requirements for commercial refrigerating appliances with an
incorporated or remote refrigerant condensing unit
EN 378-2 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental
requirements - Part 2. Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation
EN 60335-1 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1. General
requirements
4.1.1.4 Closed refrigerated cabinets (self-service type)
Closed refrigerated cabinets shall meet certain special requirements as follows.
Self-closing doors shall be opened by different angles up to and including 80° and shall
from these different positions automatically assume their original position and close
tight in accordance with 5.2.1.
On low-temperature applications, transparent doors and lids shall be condensate-free
at the climate class specified by the manufacturer. Glass doors shall incorporate
sufficient heating to the internal surface to provide moisture dispersal for clear vision
after closing. Horizontal sliding lids are exempt from this requirement.
Door fasteners and hinges under normal conditions of use shall be smooth and positive
in action and designed to function properly without undue wear.
When any doors or lids provided to ensure an air seal to the refrigerated space are
closed, there shall be no undue leakage of ambient air into the interior.
The doors or lids shall not open of their own accord.
The gasket shall be made from a material whose characteristics are compatible with
the operating conditions (especially temperatures). If the fastening device is
mechanical, a stop or other means shall be provided to prevent the gasket from being
excessively deformed.
4.1.1.5 Joints and seams
All construction joints and seams within the net volume shall prevent the accumulation
of potentially contaminating substances.
All construction joints and seams within the net volume shall permit the easy removal
of any deposits of potentially contaminating substances.
4.1.1.6 Sneeze guard
The front facade constitutes a guard against risks of contamination emanating from
consumers through handling, coughing, etc. in case of display and sale of unpacked
foodstuffs.
For this, the sum of vertical dimension A and horizontal dimension B shall be not less
than 1 500 mm (see Figure 1).
can be reached directly for examination. It can be necessary to remove access panel(s) to carry
out replacement.
Note 2. For cabinets with natural convection cooling, the positioning of the temperature sensor
in a guide tube is also considered to be “readily accessible” if the sensor can be introduced into
and removed from the guide tube without a tool.
Wherever possible, the mounting method shall not supply heat to, or withdraw heat
from, the temperature sensor.
The temperature sensor shall be protected against heat radiation from the external
ambient.
The temperature sensor's location is defined as part of the temperature test of the
refrigerated display cabinet. During the temperature test, air temperatures at the
declared sensor location shall be measured and these values noted in the test report.
Note 3. For electronic controllers, it is possible to display a calculated temperature.
Note 4. For the recording and display of temperatures, one or two temperature sensors can be
used. The temperature sensor can be the same as those used for controlling the refrigeration.
An alarm can be activated in case of error. This option is not in accordance with the
requirements of EN 12830.
Note 5. It is the responsibility of the supplier and user to ensure that the location of the
temperature sensor complies with national regulation on temperature control of foodstuffs.
4.1.6.3 Number of temperature-measuring instruments
When temperature-measuring instruments are employed in refrigerated display
cabinets.
- one temperature-measuring instrument shall be employed for each refrigerated
display cabinet with its own refrigerating circuit;
- in the case of several refrigerated display cabinets with a common refrigerating
circuit operating in one temperature class, a minimum of one temperature-
measuring instrument shall be employed for maximum two refrigerated display
cabinets with a total length of maximum 3.75 m;
- in the case of several refrigerated display cabinets with a common refrigerating
circuit working in different temperature classes, the above requirement shall be
observed, but with separate temperature-measuring instruments employed for
each temperature class.
The walls, ceilings and any partitions of rooms intended for the testing of refrigerated
display cabinets shall be painted in light grey (for example, NCS 2706-G90Y or RAL
7032) with an emissivity between 0.9 and 1 at 25 °C.
5.3.1.2 Test room (empty) - Thermal and air flow characteristics
An experimental evaluation of the test-room performances shall be carried out
minimum once per year
- with test room empty and with lighting switched on,
- in a test-room climate class 3 (see Table 3),
- measuring the velocity, temperature and relative humidity of the air at different
points of two vertical planes parallel to the technical side walls and 600 mm away
from the technical side walls, and
- with the climate measuring point located at the geometrical centre of the test
room during this evaluation.
These measuring points shall form a two-dimensional grid in which the step is a
maximum of 500 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions. The peripheral line of
points shall be located at a maximum of 500 mm from the other two side walls, floor
and ceiling.
A three-dimensional grid inside the test room shall be investigated when
obstacles/irregularities projected into the room of more than 1 m2 surface area facing
the discharge technical side wall exist along the walls.
The mean horizontal air velocity measured during 1 min with a maximal interval of 5 s
at each of the points defined above shall lie between 0.1 m/s and 0.2 m/s.
Air temperature measured at each of the points defined above shall not deviate from
the rated temperature of the test-room climate class by more than 2 °C.
The test room shall be capable of maintaining values of humidity within ±3 units of the
relative humidity percentage figures of the rated humidity of the test room temperature
class at the specified measuring points.
Surface temperature of walls, ceiling and floor shall be measured in proximity to the
points which constitute the peripheral line of the grid defined above. These surface
temperatures shall remain within a tolerance of ±2°C in relation to the air temperature
measured at the nearest point of the grid.
5.3.1.3 Test room climate definition
5.3.1.3.1 Test room climate classes
- Air velocity shall be measured using a laboratory-type instrument with an
accuracy of 10% and with a minimum sensitivity of 0.03 m/s in the range of 0 to
1.5 m/s in horizontal flow at the temperature of the selected ambient class.
- Mass flow rate shall be measured to an accuracy of ±1% (see 5.3.6).
5.3.2 Preparation of test cabinet and general test procedures
5.3.2.1 Cabinet selection, installation and positioning within the test room
Each refrigerated display cabinet intended to be tested, unless a prototype, shall be
selected from stock or routine production and shall be representative as to construction
and adjustment.
The cabinet, including all components required for normal operation, shall be
assembled, set up and sited as it would be installed in service as far as practicable
and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. All permanently located
accessories required for normal use shall be in their respective places.
The cabinet shall be located as follows (see Figure 9).
- X ≥ 1.5 m and B ≥ 0.5 m for vertical glass door cabinets of length less than 1.6
m and horizontal closed cabinets;
- X = 2 m and B ≥ 1 m for all other cabinets;
- Y ≥ 1.5 m for open vertical cabinets and combined cabinets with open top,
defined as cabinet families VC1, VC2, VC3, VF1, VF2, YC1, YC2, YF1, YF2,
YM5, YM6 (see GB/T 21001-1.2005, Annex A);
- Y ≥ 0.8 m for horizontal cabinets, vertical cabinets with glass doors and combined
cabinets with glass door top, defined as cabinet families HC1, HC2, HC3, HC4,
HC5, HC6, HF1, HF3, HF4, HF5, HF6, VC4, VF4, YC3, YC4, YF3, YF4, YM7,
YM8 (see GB/T 21001-1.2005, Annex A);
- A ≥ 0.8 m
- A = Y should be used when A ≥ 1.5 m;
- C ≥ height of cabinet +0.5 m (for vertical cabinets).
For cabinets intended to be placed against a wall, and in order to check the running of
cabinets with incorporated condensing unit correctly according to 5.3.2 or the water
vapour condensation according to 5.3.4, a vertical partition shall be placed either
against the rear of the cabinet or at a distance, dp, from the rear as specified by the
manufacturer [see Figure 9 and 7.3 b)].
during the running-in period (see also 5.3.2.4) at a temperature equal to the lower limit
of the M-package temperature class with a tolerance (0°C, +2°C).
1 000 g packages and 500 g packages should be used.
To complete the loading, use test packages of the following sizes as fillers.
- 25 mm × 100 mm × 200 mm.
The test packages shall be arranged so as to form an even level.
Each refrigerated shelf area shall be loaded with test packages arranged in such a way
that they form rows with a length of 200 mm by the depth of the cabinet in the direction
of the airflow in the cabinet.
A clearance of 25 mm ± 5 mm shall be left between package rows and adjacent to the
internal end walls of the cabinet.
It is permitted to use partitions with a thickness of approximately 25 mm to position the
packages on condition that they have minimal effect on normal airflow and minimal
thermal conduction.
Lengthways, any remaining spaces shall be filled with test packages to obtain one or
two adjustment rows of which the width can measure from 100 mm up to 300 mm.
Depth-wise, any remaining spaces of less than 25 mm wide shall be filled with wooden
vertical dividers, placed approximately midway along the space between two M-
packages.
For roll-in cabinets or multi-deck cabinets with a loading height above 500 mm (see
Figure 25), some wood loading may be used. The thickness of each layer is not
specified. (EXAMPLE. Varnished pieces of exterior grade beech plywood with good
water resistance, 200 mm × 50 mm by the depth of loading.) If not otherwise stated in
the manufacturer's handbook/instructions or marked inside the cabinet, the packages
and the wood shall be loaded on standard Euro pallets (1200×800×144) mm or, if not
applicable, on a similar tray of the same height. The surface of the pallet should be
covered by a sheet of plastic or carton so that the packages can be loaded properly. If
the cabinet is designed for the use of special storage trolleys, these trolleys shall be
used for testing. In this case, the M-packages shall be positioned as specified in Figure
25, but inside the trolleys.
Note. Sensitive foodstuff loading type can be possible only for the top part (shelves) of this type
of cabinet.
Metallic grids can be used to support the test package loading on M-package rows and
the adjacent ones.
5.3.2.3.3.2 Cross-section
For refrigerated base deck depths of less than or equal to 550 mm, or any shelf depth,
M-packages shall be located in two longitudinal sections, such that the M-package axis
is situated 50 mm from the back panel and 50 mm from the front limit of loading (see
Figures 13 to 26).
For refrigerated base deck depths of more than 550 mm, a third longitudinal section
shall be placed midway across the base deck depth with a tolerance of
- d/2 mm from the air-discharge side for cabinets with forced-air cooling [see
Figures 13 to 15, Figure 17 a) and b) and Figures 21 to 25], or・
- d/2 ± 50 mm for natural-convection-cooled cabinets equipped with two
evaporators or having a symmetrical layout (see Figures 18 to 20), or
- d/2 mm from the evaporator side for other natural-convection-cooled
cabinets (see Figure 16).
5.3.2.3.3.3 Horizontal section
In the height, for the base deck and each refrigerated shelf, M-packages shall be
located in the lower and upper loading layers. Where the distance between the axes
of M-packages is more than 400 mm, another M-package layer shall be introduced
(see Figures 22, 23 and 25).
For cabinets with a minimum of four superimposed refrigerated shelves, of which two
are strictly identical and have
a) the same shape and sizes (length, depth and loading height),
b) the same air flow design (discharge and return), and
c) the same radiation heat transfer conditions, more particularly, the same location
and intensity of the lower and upper lighting devices,
M-packages shall be located in the following places.
- with two identical refrigerated shelves. on the lower shelf (see Figure 22, where
the second and the third shelves from the top are identical);
- with three identical refrigerated shelves. on the central shelf (see Figures 23 and
26, where the second, third and fourth shelves from the top are identical).
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 26 Glass door cabinet
5.3.2.4 Running in
When a cabinet with a remote condensing unit is tested, the operating conditions shall
comply with those stated by the cabinet manufacturer.
Adjustable automatic controllers shall be set in such a way that the required M-package
temperature class of the cabinet is reached. Where the controller is not adjustable, the
cabinet shall be tested as delivered.
The manufacturer's recommended routine of defrosting shall be followed. Before tests
are started, the cabinet shall be switched on and allowed to run for at least 2 h at the
specified climate class with no packages in the cabinet and without erratic functioning
of the refrigerating system, controls or defrosting operations. Otherwise, the running-
in period shall be continued accordingly.
After the running-in period the cabinet shall be filled with test packages and M-
packages according to 5.3.2.3 for the tests.
After loading, the cabinet shall be operated until stable conditions have been reached
(see 5.3.2.5) and during the test period (see 5.3.2.6). The test room shall be
maintained at the desired climate class as specified in 5.3.1, while the temperatures of
the M-packages are recorded.
For cabinets intended to be switched off at night, it is recognized that stable conditions
might not be reached. After the 2 h running-in period without packages these cabinets
shall operate for at least 2 h after loading before the test period starts.
5.3.2.5 Stable conditions
The temperatures vary cyclically and the length of the cycle is dependent on the time
between two successive defrost periods.
A cabinet is considered to operate under stable conditions if, during a period of 24 h,
the temperature of each M-package agrees within ±0.5°C at the corresponding points
on the temperature curve.
For closed refrige...
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