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Code for the design of urban green space
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GB 55014-2021
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 55014-2021 (GB55014-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Code for the design of urban green space | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P53 | | Word Count Estimation | 67,689 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | GB 55014-2021: Code for the design of urban green space---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 In order to build high-quality landscaping projects, create an ecological, livable, harmonious and beautiful urban environment, meet the needs of the people for a better life and a beautiful ecological environment, and provide the people with fair enjoyment of green benefits, this policy is formulated specification.
1.0.2 Landscaping projects must implement this specification.
1.0.3 Landscaping engineering projects should improve the urban ecological environment, provide recreational services, and should realize comprehensive functions such as ecology, leisure, recreation, beautification, cultural inheritance, popular science education, and disaster prevention and avoidance of landscaping engineering projects.
1.0.4 Landscaping projects should be selected according to the following principles.
1 Respect for nature and give priority to ecology;
2 people-oriented, fair sharing;
3 Promote culture, inherit and innovate;
4 Adapt measures to local conditions and be economical and applicable;
5 Overall planning and coordinated development.
1.0.5.Whether the technical methods and measures adopted in the project construction meet the requirements of this specification shall be judged by the relevant responsible parties. Among them, innovative technical methods and measures should be demonstrated and meet the performance requirements in this specification.
2 basic rules
2.1 Scale layout
2.1.1 The city should build a green space system that is compatible with the city's scale, layout structure, and landscape features, determine the scale and layout of park green spaces, protective green spaces, attached green spaces, and regional green spaces, and implement landscaping projects.
2.1.2 The construction of the urban green space system should realize the functions of protecting the urban ecological environment, maintaining the integrity of the urban ecological space structure, satisfying the functions of scenic recreation and safety protection, and should meet the following regulations.
1.Respect the topography and features of the city, organically integrate with the river and lake water system, protect and display the natural landscape and historical and cultural resources;
2 The urban spatial structure should be optimized, and green belts such as group-isolated green belts and ventilation corridors should be arranged to connect urban and rural green ecological spaces;
3 A park system should be constructed to make full use of linear spaces such as greenways and waterfront open spaces to meet public recreation needs.
2.1.3 The area of park green space should be compatible with the scale of urban development, the per capita park green area should be greater than 8.0m2 per person, and the coverage rate of park green space service radius should be greater than 80%.
2.3.1 After the landscaping project is completed, the maintenance and management period should not be less than one year.
2.3.2 Garden plants should be regularly maintained, plant pests and diseases should not pollute water sources, and the use of highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides is prohibited, and aquatic plant pests and diseases must not use pesticides.
2.3.3 The operation and management of the park should improve various service measures and meet the following requirements.
1 The safe operation of various facilities and equipment in the park shall be guaranteed;
2.Science popularization, explanation and education should be carried out for tourists.
2.3.4 The park shall establish a safety management system, implement various safety measures, and shall comply with the following regulations.
1.Combining safety conditions and resource protection requirements, it should undertake the corresponding functions of disaster prevention and risk avoidance;
2.A safety early warning and control system should be established, and emergency plans for public health emergencies, natural disasters, social security incidents, holiday peak management, and large-scale gathering activities related to its management should be formulated.
2.3.5 All service facilities in the park should ensure the public welfare of the service, and should not carry out business activities that are contrary to the purpose of serving tourists.
2.3.6 Ancient trees and famous trees and buildings (structures) with lightning hazards should be installed with lightning protection facilities.
3 elements of landscaping engineering
3.1 Terrain and soil
3.1.1 Landscaping T project foundation site original soil and foreign soil shaping the topography, fillings should not contain pollutants and radioactive substances that are harmful to the environment, human, animal and plant safety.
3.1.2 The landscaping process should be fully combined with the vertical shape of the base site, and should meet the following requirements.
1 The topography should keep water and soil stable, and the elevation setting should be conducive to the on-site consumption of rainwater, and should be coordinated with the elevation of adjacent land use;
2 The waterscape should be organized reasonably in combination with the rainwater consumption of the foundation site and water resource conditions.
3.1.3 The stacking of soil hills should be calculated for bearing capacity, and the stacking height should be suitable for the range of stacking; the natural slope should be set according to the natural repose angle of the soil hill pile, and when the slope exceeds the natural repose angle of the soil, slope protection, retaining Construction measures such as walls, soil consolidation or anti-scouring.
3.1.4 Terrain shaping The range of filling and excavation should avoid the protection range of ancient and famous trees, and the root system of trees should have good drainage conditions.
3.1.5 Harmful heavy metals in the soil should not affect the normal growth of plants. When the soil quality is poor, the soil should be improved or the planting soil should be replaced.
3.1.6 Landscaping T process planting soil and fertilizers must not pollute water sources.
3.2 Park roads and activity venues
3.2.1 Garden roads and activity venues should have the functions of guiding tours and facilitating tourists to collect and disperse, and should meet the following regulations.
1.The lower limit index of the venue area for collecting and distributing activities in the gate area of the ticketing park shall be based on the capacity of tourists, and shall be calculated as 500m210,000;
2 The width of the garden road for passing fire trucks should be greater than 4m.
3.2.2 The entrances and exits of parks and squares, main park roads, recreation and service buildings should meet barrier-free requirements.
3.2.3 Garden roads and activity venues should not be set up near natural rock walls and steep slopes with geological hazards and hidden dangers to mountain stability.
3.2.4 The slope of the garden road and the paved activity site should be conducive to drainage. The vertical and transverse slopes of the garden road should not be zero at the same time, and the surface drainage slope of the site should be greater than 0.3%.
3.2.5 Permeable pavement materials and renewable materials should be used preferentially for the pavement of garden roads and activity venues; permeable pavement should meet the load, anti-skid and other functional and durability requirements.
3.3 Planting
3.3.1 Plant selection should be suitable for the site and tree. Native plants and plants that are suitable for local growth after introduction and domestication should be selected first, and natural ecological resources should be protected in combination with the site environment.
3.3.2 Planting should follow natural laws and biological characteristics, and should not be out of season or excessively dense.
3.3.3 Poisonous, thorny and other plants that are likely to cause harm to children should not be arranged in the children's activity venue and the surrounding environment.
3.3.4 The minimum horizontal distance from the center of the tree root neck to the outer edge of structures and municipal facilities shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.3.4.
3.3.5 The three-dimensional greening on the top of the underground space, the roof of the building and the top of the structure should ensure the natural growth of plants, and a waterproof drainage and irrigation system should be installed on the impermeable layer, and should meet the following requirements.
1.The depth of covering soil in the arbor area on the top surface of the underground space should be greater than 1.5m;
2 The safe distance between the planting point of building roof trees and the roof protective fence should be greater than the height of the trees.
3.3.6 It is not allowed to use plant materials whose degree of damage by diseases and insect pests or traces of damage of non-quarantine objects is greater than 10% of the tree body.
3.4 Buildings (structures)
3.4.1 For landscaping engineering projects that undertake flood storage and detention functions and use land adjacent to water bodies, buildings (structures) and facilities that hinder flood discharge should not be installed in flood passages.
3.4.2 The total building area of the park should not exceed 1.5 times of the building area.
3.4.3 The structural strength of the frame and gallery supporting vines climbing should meet the load requirements for long-term growth of plants, and the mesh structure of vines grid should prevent children from climbing.
3.4.4 The structural strength of artificially stacked rockeries should meet the requirements of wind resistance and earthquake resistance, and should meet the following regulations.
1 The rocks facing the road, the rock faces of the cave roof and the cave wall should be round and not have sharp angles;
2 The caves that allow tourists to enter and exit should be equipped with lighting, ventilation and drainage measures, and should ensure the safety of passage.
3.4.5 The clearance height between the bridge bottom and the constant water level for cruise ships should be greater than 1.50m.
3.5 Supporting facilities
3.5.1 For areas with activity venues on the shore of water bodies, protective facilities should be set up under the following conditions.
1.Artificial revetments within 2.00m near the shore, where the constant water level and depth are greater than (including) 0.70m;
2 The revetment whose vertical distance between the top of the revetment and the constant water level is greater than (including) 0.50m;
3 Revetment of natural silt bottom water body.
3.5.2 Garden roads and activity venues with potential safety hazards near mountains or near water should be equipped with safety guardrails, and should meet the following regulations.
1 The height of the guardrail should be greater than 1.05m; when the height of the garden road and the activity site is greater than 24m, the height of the guardrail should be greater than 1.10m.
2 The structure of the guardrail should prevent children from climbing; when vertical rods are used as railings, the net distance between the rods should be less than 0.11m.
3.5.3 Children's activity venues and facilities should not have sharp corners or hard thorns.
3.5.4 The water quality of recreational landscape water with non-systemic contact with human body shall meet the standard of surface water Class III, the water quality of ornamental landscape water with indirect contact with human body shall meet the standard of surface water Class IV, and the water quality of fountains in contact with tourists shall not be harmful to human health produce adverse effects.
3.5.5 The pipelines and facilities used for plant irrigation shall be provided with obvious signs to prevent accidental drinking and connection.
4Comprehensive parks, community parks and amusement parks
4.0.1 The comprehensive park should have the functions of leisure and recreation, sports and sports, cultural science popularization and children's games, and should set up corresponding functional zones.
4.0.2 The layout of the comprehensive park should meet the following requirements.
1.At least two or more entrances and exits shall be set up, at least one of which shall be connected to the main road of the city;
2.The city's natural landscape, historical and cultural resources, and urban ecological restoration areas should be fully utilized.
4.0.3 Community parks and amusement parks should have basic recreational functions, and should set up activity venues to meet the activity needs of children and the elderly.
4.0.4 The area of the reconstructed and expanded comprehensive park should be greater than 5hm2, and the area of the new comprehensive park should be greater than 10hm2
4.0.5 The proportion of buildings, garden roads and paving sites in the comprehensive park shall meet the requirements in Table 4.0.5.
4.0.6 The area of the community park should be larger than 1hm. The proportion of land used for buildings, garden roads and paving sites in the community park should meet the requirements in Table 4.0.6.
4.0.7 The minimum width of the amusement park land should be greater than 12m; the proportion of land used for the buildings, garden roads and paving sites of the amusement park should meet the requirements in Table 4.0.7.
4.0.8 The entrances and exits and garden roads of comprehensive parks should be arranged in different levels. The entrances and exits should include main entrances, secondary entrances and special entrances and exits, and should meet the following regulations.
1 Comprehensive parks with an area larger than 20hm2 should have a special entrance and exit for maintenance management in addition to the main and secondary entrances and exits;
2.The main garden road should connect with the main entrance and exit, and form a loop.
4.0.9 Comprehensive parks and community parks built on mountainous terrain should have relatively flat activity venues for leisure and recreational activities; children's activity venues should be set up in relatively flat areas.
4.0.10 The width of a single entrance and exit of the public sun and amusement park in the community should be greater than 1.8m.
5 botanical gardens
5.0.1 Botanical gardens should create environmental conditions suitable for the growth of a variety of plants, focus on collecting and displaying native plant resources in the flora, ex situ protection of rare and endangered plants and economic plants, and meet the requirements for species diversity.
5.0.2 The layout of botanical gardens should make full use of the city's natural landscape and urban ecological restoration areas.
5.0.3 The proportion of land used for buildings, garden roads and paving sites of the Botanical Garden shall comply with the provisions in Table 5.0.3.
5.0.4 Botanical gardens should be equipped with science popularization display, plant information management, production management and other facilities, and botanical gardens with an area larger than 40hm2 should also be equipped with scientific research experiments, introduction and production, specimen management and other facilities.
5.0.5 Plants introduced from abroad should be isolated and quarantined through the isolation and quarantine nursery.
5.0.6 Explanatory signs should be set up in each plant display area and representative plants of the botanical garden.
6 Zoo
6.0.1 Zoos should provide the public with the functions of popular science education and leisure tours by raising, displaying, breeding and protecting wild animals.
6.0.2 The layout of the zoo should keep a safe distance from the production and storage places of inflammable and explosive materials, slaughterhouses, etc., and at least two entrances and exits connected with urban roads should be set up.
6.0.3 The design of animal display area should follow the following principles.
1.It should meet the safety requirements for animal life, tourists viewing and feeding management;
2 The basic welfare requirements of animals should be guaranteed, and enrichment facilities should be set up according to the physiological characteristics and natural behavior characteristics of animals;
3 The area and environment suitable for the normal life of animals shall be provided.
6.0.4 Zoos should set up animal exhibition halls, animal protection and safety and health barrier facilities, and zoos with an area larger than 20h should set up animal protection buildings and popular science education facilities.
6.0.5 The ratio of land use for buildings, roads and paving grounds of the zoo shall comply with the regulations in Table 6.0.5.
6.0.6 The minimum width of the isolation zone for tourists should be greater than the sum of the length of the adult and the longest limb of the exhibited animal, and the minimum isolation width should be greater than 1.5m.
6.0.7 The overall stability of the safety protection facilities, the strength of the main structure and the attached members, and the strength of the connecting members must meet the maximum loads generated by the exhibited animals’ jumping, running, climbing, flying, pushing and pulling, flapping and impacting abilities The barrier structure must be able to withstand the impact damage of more than 4 times the weight of the animal.
6.0.8 Disinfection treatment should be carried out for the sewage in animal exhibition areas prone to outbreaks, zoo quarantine field, isolation field and animal hospital.
6.0.9 Pulse electronic fence systems that limit the range of animal activities, animal hospital operating rooms, animal breeding farms, animal breeding and brooding rooms, and heating and air-conditioning electrical equipment installed in cages due to animal seasonal requirements should be powered according to the first-level load.
7 country parks
7.0.1 Country parks should follow the principles of protection priority and rational use, and carry out suitable natural experience and recreational activities on the basis of protecting natural and cultural resources.
7.0.2 The layout of country parks should be conducive to the protection of natural landscapes and biodiversity, and should have convenient public transportation conditions.
7.0.3 Country parks should be equipped with necessary recreation, service and management facilities, as well as medical assistance and security facilities, in the concentrated areas of tourist activities.
7.0.4 The water bodies of wetland areas in country parks should be coordinated with the protection and utilization of urban and regional water systems, and should meet the following regulations.
1 The layout of wetland water system should respect and protect the pattern and shape of natural wetland water system;
2 For wetlands that undertake the function of urban flood control and drainage, the water level elevation control point shall be determined according to the design flood discharge meteor, design flood level and design drainage flow;
3 Plant habitat construction should restore more than 50% of the typical local wetland communities, and alien invasive species should not be used;
4.Groundwater should not be extracted and tap water should not be used as wetland water source.
7.0.5 For country parks with habitats for protected animals and migratory birds, the visiting time, visiting season and tourist quality should be controlled and managed.
8 road greening
8.0.1 Road greening should be compatible with the functional level of urban roads, and should meet the requirements of road traffic organization, facility layout, landscape features, and environmental protection.
8.0.2 Newly built roads in the city should have a reasonable proportion of green spaces and should meet the following requirements.
1 The green area ratio of main roads should be greater than 20%;
2.The net width of the separation zone for road motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles to plant arbors should be greater than 1.5m.
8.0.3 The minimum distance between roadside trees and conductors of overhead power lines shall comply with the provisions in Table 8.0.3.
8.0.4 The roadside trees should be selected from tree species with large crowns, dense shade, robust growth, suitable for the environmental conditions of urban roads, and should meet the following requirements.
1 The height of branch points of street trees should not affect vehicle and pedestrian traffic;
The planting distance of 2-row street trees should be determined according to the crown width of the tree species in their prime. 8.0.5 Road greening should be coordinated with relevant municipal facilities, and the relationship with road lighting, traffic facilities, ground poles, underground pipelines, security monitoring and other facilities should be coordinated, and the site conditions and growth conditions necessary for the normal growth of trees should be guaranteed. Space; the initial runoff rainwater from the roadway that has not been purified shall not be directly discharged into the road green belt.
8.0.5 Road greening should be coordinated with relevant municipal facilities, and the relationship with road lighting, traffic facilities, ground poles, underground pipelines, security monitoring and other facilities should be coordinated, and the site conditions and growth space necessary for the normal growth of trees should be guaranteed ; The initial runoff rainwater from the roadway without purification treatment shall not be directly discharged into the green belt of the road.
8.0.6 Road greening trees should be pruned regularly.
9 greenway
9.0.1 Greenways should protect the ecological environment and meet the following requirements.
1 Mountains, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coasts should be protected, and it is strictly forbidden to destroy the topography along the line;
2 The natural vegetation shall be protected, and the original trees within the construction area shall be retained and utilized;
3 Ecologically sensitive and ecologically fragile areas should be avoided.
9.0.2 The greenway T course shall ensure safety and shall comply with the following regulations.
1 Avoid areas prone to natural disasters such as mudslides, landslides, collapses, land subsidence, subsidence, and earthquake fault zones and unfavorable geological zones;
2 Greenways along rivers and waterfronts shall meet the flood control standards of Ding Cheng's location.
9.0.3 The greenway shall conform to the main function of the passing land and shall coordinate with the surrounding environment.
9.0.4 Greenways should not intersect with expressways and first-class highways, railways, urban expressways, and urban rail transit planes.
9.0.5 Protective guardrails or safety protection green belts and warning signs shall be set up on greenways passing through areas with dangerous terrain and waters; the width of the safety protection green belt shall be greater than 1.5m.
9.0.6 Effective isolation facilities should be set up between the greenway trail and the motorway, including isolation green belts, isolation piers, guardrails and traffic markings, and should meet the following requirements.
1 The width of the isolation green belt should be greater than 1.0m; when the isolation width of the greenway trail and the motorway is less than 1.0m, isolation piers or guardrails should be set up for safety isolation.
2 On road sections where hard isolation cannot be established, traffic markings should be set between the greenway trail and the motor vehicle lane, and motor vehicles are prohibited from driving the greenway trail.
3 When the motor vehicle road with a passing speed of more than 50km/h does not have the conditions for the installation of isolation facilities such as isolation green belts, isolation piers, and guardrails, the greenway trails should not be set up together.
9.0.7 The greenway connection line shall be safe to use and shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The greenway connection line should not directly take national highways, provincial highways and other arterial highways and expressways;
2 The greenway connection line should use road traffic signs and markings, greenway marking facilities, safety isolation facilities, etc. to effectively organize traffic and connect functions.
9.0.8 Greenway trails should be combined with the current terrain to avoid large filling and excavation; the width of bicycle lanes and walking and cycling comprehensive lanes in greenway trails should meet the requirements in Table 9.0.8.Table 9.0.8
9.0.9 The greenway should set up post stations, and should be equipped with corresponding service and management facilities.
9.0.10 Greenway signs should have guiding and warning functions, and should be clearly distinguished from road traffic and other signs.
10 green belt
10.0.1 The green isolation belt should realize the isolation of urban groups and green isolation around and between towns, and should meet the following regulations.
1 An urban-rural coordinated ecological space network should be established around towns and between towns, and green isolation areas, ventilation corridors, ecological corridors, and facility protection green spaces should be reserved and set up;
2 Functional groups in cities and towns should use natural mountains, river and lake water systems, farmland forest networks, traffic and public facilities corridors to implement group isolation, and should be connected with the green ecological space outside the town.
10.0.2 The green isolation belt shall realize the functions of sanitation facilities, transportation and municipal infrastructure, safety and sanitation isolation of Dingye storage land, as well as the protection function of geological and natural disasters in flood storage and detention areas, and shall meet the following regulations.
1 Protective green spaces such as railways, highways and expressways should have an isolation width to ensure traffic safety, and planting should achieve sound insulation and noise reduction functions;
2 Waterworks, water sources and other protective green spaces should have the width to ensure sanitary isolation, and planting should realize the function of water conservation;
3 For flood detention areas and mountains with hidden dangers of geological disasters, the protective green space should have a safe isolation width, and planting should not hinder flood discharge.
10.0.3 The green belt along the waterfront shall realize ecological protection functions such as water and soil conservation and water conservation.
10.0.4 The selection and configuration of plants in the green isolation belt shall comply with the following regulations.
1.Native tree species that are anti-pollution, adaptable and low-maintenance should be selected;
2 According to the different sources of pollution and the nature of protection, plant...
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GB 55014-2021: Code for the design of urban green space
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