CJJ 36-2016 PDF English
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CJJ 36-2016: PDF in English CJJ 36-2016
GJJ
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC
P CJJ 36-2016
Filing No.: J 528-2016
Technical code of maintenance for urban road
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 15, 2016
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2017
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 7
1 General ... 9
2 Terms and symbols ... 9
2.1 Terms ... 9
2.2 Symbols ... 10
3 Basic requirements ... 11
4 Roadway condition inspection, assessment and maintenance strategy ... 12
4.1 General requirements ... 12
4.2 Periodic inspection ... 13
4.3 Periodic inspection ... 14
4.4 Special inspection ... 16
4.5 Condition assessment ... 17
4.6 Maintenance strategy ... 25
5 Asphalt pavement ... 26
5.1 General requirements ... 26
5.2 Preventive maintenance ... 26
5.3 Pavement distress repairs ... 29
5.4 Pavement rehabilitation ... 32
6 Concrete pavement ... 33
6.1 General requirements ... 33
6.2 Joint maintenance ... 33
6.3 Pavement distress repairs ... 34
6.4 Rehabilitation and pavement improvement ... 37
7 Other pavements ... 38
7.1 Gravel roadway ... 38
7.2 Prefabricated Portland cement concrete roadway ... 39
8 Pedestrian walkway ... 40
8.1 General requirements ... 40
8.2 Base course ... 41
8.3 Subbase ... 41
8.4 Curb ... 43
8.5 Tree pits ... 44
8.6 Walkway steps ... 44
9 Roadbed ... 44
9.1 General requirements ... 44
9.2 Roadbed ... 45
9.3 Shoulders... 45
9.4 Side slopes ... 46
9.5 Retaining walls ... 47
10 Roadway facility ... 48
10.1 Noise barrier ... 48
10.2 Roadway signs ... 48
10.3 Median strips, guard rails and barriers ... 49
10.4 Culvert ... 49
10.5 Edge drains, drain outlets and swales ... 50
10.6 Inspection manholes and stormwater inlets ... 51
11 Excavation, repair ... 52
11.1 General requirements ... 52
11.2 Backfill ... 54
11.3 Base course repair ... 55
11.4 Pavement repair ... 56
11.5 Pedestrian walkway repair ... 56
12 Inspection and acceptance of roadway maintenance projects ... 57
12.1 General requirements ... 57
12.2 Asphalt pavement maintenance projects ... 58
12.3 Concrete pavement maintenance projects ... 61
12.4 Other pavement maintenance projects ... 62
12.5 Pedestrian walkway maintenance projects ... 63
12.6 Roadway facility maintenance projects ... 65
13 Assessment of roadway maintenance condition ... 67
13.1 General requirements ... 67
13.2 Distress and defects identification ... 68
13.3 Maintenance condition assessment approach ... 72
13.4 Maintenance condition assessment criteria ... 73
13.5 Maintenance assessment process ... 75
13.6 Maintenance records and data management ... 77
14 Roadway maintenance project safety ... 78
14.1 General requirements ... 78
14.2 Work zone traffic control ... 78
14.3 Roadway maintenance work zone mobility requirements ... 79
15 Document management ... 80
15.1 General requirements ... 80
15.2 Roadway conditions assessment data ... 80
15.3 Roadway maintenance data ... 81
15.4 Data management ... 81
15.5 Roadway information system management ... 82
Appendix A Facility damage report form ... 83
Appendix B Roadway information card ... 84
Appendix C Types of asphalt, concrete and pedestrian pavement defects ... 91
Appendix D Asphalt, concrete and pedestrian pavement defects deduct values table 94
Appendix E Asphalt, concrete and pedestrian pavement defects inspection checklist 97
Appendix F Roadway maintenance condition inspection record ... 99
Explanation of wording in this code ... 102
List of quoted standards ... 103
Technical code of maintenance for urban road
1 General
1.0.1 This Code is formulated, in order to maintain the functions of urban road facilities,
ensure their intactness and safe operation, improve service levels, unify technical
standards, standardize maintenance work.
1.0.2 This Code applies to the maintenance of urban roads (including roadways,
pedestrian walkways, parking lots, squares, roadway facility), which are delivered for
use after completion acceptance.
1.0.3 Bridge maintenance on urban roads shall comply with the current industry
standard "Technical code of maintenance for city bridge" CJJ 99.
1.0.4 In addition to complying with this Code, the maintenance of urban roads shall
also comply with the relevant current national standards.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Pavement condition index (PCI)
An index, which characterizes the intactness condition of the pavement.
2.1.2 Riding quality index (RQI)
An index, which characterizes the driving comfort of the pavement.
2.1.3 Pavement quality index (PQI)
A comprehensive index, which characterizes the pavement intactness and driving
comfort.
2.1.4 Pedestrian walkway condition index (FCI)
An index, which characterizes the intactness of the pedestrian walkway.
2.1.5 Pavement preventive maintenance
Maintenance measures, which are taken to restore the service function of the pavement,
when the road structural strength is sufficient and only the surface function is degraded.
2.1.6 Corrective maintenance
The corresponding functional or structural restoration measures, which are taken, when
the road facilities have clear pavement distress or have partially lost their service
functions,.
2.1.7 Emergency maintenance
Maintenance measures, which are taken in emergency situations.
2.1.8 Minor rehabilitation
Routine maintenance, which is performed to keep road functions and facilities intact.
2.1.9 Medium-sized rehabilitation
Regular maintenance works, which are carried out for general wear and tear and local
damage.
2.1.10 Major rehabilitation
Comprehensive repair and reinforcement of major road damage to restore it to original
design standards OR partial improvements to improve road traffic capacity. The
quantity of the project is greater than 8000 m2 or the project including foundation work
is greater than 5000 m2.
2.1.11 Modification and extension project
Projects of improving technical level and traffic capacity, because roads and their
facilities are not adapted to traffic volume and load requirements.
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Assessment indexes and symbols for urban road maintenance status:
CL - Roadway intactness rate;
F1 - Total roadway area of inspection unit;
F1i - Actual area of various types of damage to the roadway of inspection unit;
F2 - Total pedestrian walkway area of the inspection unit;
F2i - Actual area of various types of damage to the pedestrian walkway of inspection
unit;
3.0.6 Urban road maintenance projects shall be divided into preventive maintenance,
corrective maintenance, emergency maintenance, according to their work nature and
technical status. Corrective maintenance includes minor rehabilitation, medium-sized
rehabilitation, major rehabilitation, modification and extension projects. For the
medium-sized rehabilitation, major rehabilitation, modification and extension projects,
special design shall be carried out.
3.0.7 The barrier-free facilities in the pedestrian walkway modification and extension
project shall comply with the relevant requirements of the current national standard
"Barrier-free Design Code" GB 50763.
3.0.8 The maintenance work of urban expressways should adopt mechanized
construction technology.
3.0.9 For urban road maintenance, it shall formulate emergency plans for special
weather, emergencies, etc.; prepare emergency sites, personnel, equipment, materials;
organize regular drills.
3.0.10 Urban road maintenance shall be equipped with maintenance equipment, testing
equipment, professional maintenance technicians, according to the maintenance area.
3.0.11 Maintenance technical files shall be established, for each urban road.
3.0.12 For urban road maintenance, it should establish an urban road maintenance
management system.
3.0.13 Rapid rehabilitation technology should be used for the rehabilitation of important
traffic nodes or road sections with high maintenance time limits.
3.0.14 Dust prevention and noise reduction measures shall be taken, for urban road
maintenance.
4 Roadway condition inspection, assessment and
maintenance strategy
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Urban roads in use shall be inspected and assessed, according to provisions; it
shall grasp the technical status of the roads in a timely manner; take corresponding
maintenance measures.
4.1.2 The objects of urban road inspection and assessment shall include motor vehicle
lanes and non-motor vehicle lanes of asphalt pavement, cement concrete pavement,
block pavement and other types, as well as pedestrian walkways of asphalt, cement,
stone pavement types.
4.1.3 Urban road inspections shall be divided into daily inspections, periodic
inspections, special testing. An information management system should be established.
4.1.4 For the technical condition of urban roads, it shall be graded according to the
testing and assessment results, in accordance with Article 4.5 of this Code; formulate
maintenance strategy, based on the established grade.
4.1.5 Regular testing shall be divided into routine testing and structural strength testing.
Routine testing shall be carried out, by professional technicians that have more than 5
years of road maintenance experience or by a qualified testing agency. Structural
strength testing and special testing shall be undertaken by testing organizations, that
have corresponding testing qualifications. It shall be participated by technical personnel
with experience in urban road maintenance, management, design, construction. The
testing leader and participants shall have more than 5 years of urban road professional
work experience.
4.2 Periodic inspection
4.2.1 Routine inspections shall be responsible by trained full-time road management
personnel or maintenance technicians.
4.2.2 Routine inspections shall check the pavement appearance changes, structural
changes, road construction work conditions, roadway facility.
4.2.3 Daily inspections should be based on visual inspection; it shall keep relevant
records.
4.2.4 Daily inspection cycles shall be determined, according to the road maintenance
level. Roads under level I maintenance should be inspected once every day; roads under
level II maintenance should be inspected once every two days; roads under level III
maintenance should be inspected once every three days. Daily inspection records shall
be organized and archived regularly, putting forward to handling opinions. In the event
of natural disasters or emergencies, it shall increase the frequency of inspections
appropriately.
4.2.5 During the inspection process, if it is found that the facilities are obviously
damaged or the safety of vehicles and pedestrians is affected, it shall take corresponding
maintenance measures in a timely manner. Special care may be provided under special
circumstances; meanwhile a facility damage notification form shall be filled out, in
accordance with Appendix A of this Code.
4.2.6 Routine inspections shall include the following:
1 The pavement appearance intactness. The main damage types of pavement are
1 Record the current condition of the road;
2 Investigate the impact of changes in traffic volume and vehicle composition on
facility operations;
3 Track changes in use performance of structures and materials.
4.3.2 Periodic inspection shall be divided into routine testing and structural strength
testing. Routine testing shall be done once every year. Structural strength testing shall
be performed once every 2 ~ 3 years for roads under level I maintenance. Structural
strength testing should be performed once every 3 ~ 4 years for roads under level II and
III maintenance.
4.3.3 The assessment unit for periodic inspection shall meet the following requirements:
1 The road section between every two adjacent intersections of the road shall be
regarded as a unit; the intersection itself should be regarded as a unit. When the
road section between two adjacent intersections is larger than 500 m, every 200 m
~ 500 m shall be regarded as a unit; however, if it is less than 200 m, it shall be
counted as one unit.
2 For each road, 30% or more of the total number of units shall be selected for testing
and assessment. The average condition of use performance of the selected units
shall be used to represent the performance of the road pavement. When the
difference in performance condition of each unit on a road is greater than two
technical levels, testing and assessment shall be carried out unit by unit. For roads
with a total number of units less than 5, 100% testing and assessment shall be
carried out.
3 The units selected for all inspections and assessments shall remain relatively fixed.
4.3.4 Routine testing shall include the following:
1 The flatness of roadways, pedestrian walkways, square pavement;
2 Pavement distress and defects in roadways, pedestrian walkways, square facilities;
3 Damage condition of base course;
4 Damage to roadway facility.
4.3.5 Routine testing shall comply with the following requirements:
1 The basic data of urban roads shall be checked on-site, according to the basic
situation of the urban road data card. The format of the data card shall comply with
the provisions of Tables B-1 ~ B-4 in Appendix B of this Code;
2 It shall detect the damage condition and judge the cause of the damage; determine
the maintenance scope and plan;
3 For roads where it is difficult to determine the extent and cause of damage, it shall
make recommendations for special testing.
4.3.6 The following equipment can be used for routine testing:
1 Testing equipment, such as a laser flatness meter, should be used to detect flatness;
conventional testing equipment, such as a flatness meter or a 3 m ruler, can be used
for secondary trunk roads and branch roads;
2 Road condition cameras and other detection equipment should be used, to detect
pavement damage.
4.3.7 The damage types of asphalt pavement, cement concrete pavement, pedestrian
walkway pavement shall comply with the provisions of Appendix C of this Code. It
shall fill the single damage item deduction form and damage investigation form,
according to Appendix D and Appendix E of this Code, respectively.
4.3.8 Urban expressways and trunk roads shall be tested for pavement anti-skid
performance. The secondary trunk roads and branch roads should be tested for
pavement anti-skid performance. The testing items should include British pendulum
number (BPN), texture depth (TD), sideway force coefficient (SFC). Pendulum
instruments, sand spreading methods, automatic sideway force coefficient detection
trolley can be used for inspection.
4.3.9 Structural strength testing should be expressed by the pavement rebound
deflection value. Testing equipment should use falling weight deflection tester,
Beckman beam or automatic deflection tester and other testing equipment.
4.3.10 Based on the results of periodic inspections, road assessment and grading shall
be carried out, in accordance with Article 4.5 of this Code.
4.3.11 Records and assessments of periodic inspections, as well as the
recommendations for maintenance and rehabilitation measures shall be organized,
archived, reported in a timely manner.
4.4 Special inspection
4.4.1 When one of the following situations occurs, special inspection shall be
carried out:
1 Before the road is subject to modification and extension;
2 Unexplained subsidence, cracking or water leakage occurs on the road;
pavement is completed and used. Preventive maintenance measures shall meet technical
requirements, such as pavement technical condition, traffic volume, road grade, etc.;
materials shall meet environmental protection requirements.
5.2.2 The timing of preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement shall comply with the
provisions of Article 4.6.2 of this Code. OR it can be carried out before the accelerated
attenuation of pavement performance index value.
5.2.3 Pavement distress pre-treatment shall comply with the following provisions:
1 Before taking preventive maintenance measures, various pavement distress of the
original asphalt pavement shall be pre-treated; priority should be given to
mechanized equipment construction;
2 Pavement distress pre-treatment technology shall include crack treatment, pothole
rehabilitation, local pavement milling, etc.;
3 Pavement distress pretreatment shall comply with the relevant provisions in Article
5.3 of this Code.
5.2.4 Appropriate preventive maintenance measures can be taken, according to the
value range of the pavement technical condition index. The following measures should
be adopted:
1 Regeneration treatment;
2 (Sand-inclusive) fog seal;
3 Gravel seal;
4 Slurry seal;
5 Micro surface treatment;
6 Thin layers of hot-mix asphalt concrete overlay (thickness ≤ 30 mm).
5.2.5 Regeneration treatment shall comply with the following requirements:
1 Special machinery should be used to spray asphalt regeneration agent for
regeneration treatment. The pavement shall be clean before construction.
Construction should be carried out, when the temperature is higher than 10 °C. The
air humidity should not be greater than 85%. Construction is strictly prohibited on
rainy days.
2 When the construction is completed, the pavement shall be dry before it can be
opened to traffic. In the initial stage of opening to traffic, the vehicle speed shall be
limited to be within 40 km/h.
5.2.6 (Sand-containing) fog seal should be used as the upper seal of urban expressways
and trunk roads, which shall comply with the following requirements:
1 The (sand-containing) fog seal should be constructed using special spraying
equipment. Dust, sand and other debris on the pavement shall be removed, before
construction. During construction, the pavement temperature shall be greater than
or equal to 15 °C; the ambient humidity should be less than or equal to 80%. Fog
sealing shall not be carried out, before or during raining.
2 Preventive maintenance measures, using (sand-containing) fog seal, shall test the
anti-skid performance of the pavement. After applying the fog seal, the anti-skid
performance of the pavement shall meet the requirements of Grade B and above in
Table 4.5.5 of this Code. After the (sand-containing) fog seal is sprayed, the
pavement shall be closed for maintenance; it can be opened to traffic only after the
fog seal dries.
5.2.7 The gravel seal shall comply with the following requirements:
1 The original pavement shall be cleaned, kept dry and free of debris and dust. When
spreading asphalt materials, the temperature shall not be lower than 20 °C; the
pavement temperature shall not be lower than 25 °C. Construction in foggy or rainy
days is strictly prohibited.
2 When the sealing layer is initially opened to traffic, the vehicle speed should not
be too fast. Traffic can be fully opened, after 2 hours.
5.2.8 Slurry sealing layer should be used for urban secondary trunk roads and branch
roads, which shall meet the following requirements:
1 The slurry sealing layer shall not be used as a road reinforcement layer;
2 When constructing the slurry sealing layer, the temperature during the construction
and curing period shall be higher than 10 °C; construction must not be carried out
on rainy days;
3 Various materials and construction methods shall comply with the provisions of
the current industry standard "Technical specification for slurry surfacing of
pavements" CJJ/T 66.
5.2.9 Micro-surface treatment should be used for the upper sealing layer of urban
expressways and trunk roads, which shall meet the following requirements:
1 The original pavement shall be leveled;
2 The asphalt in modified emulsified asphalt shall comply with road petroleum
asphalt standards;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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