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GB 25493-2010: Rapid prototyping machines by laser as processing energy -- Technical requirements for safeguarding
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Rapid prototyping machines by laser as processing energy -- Technical requirements for safeguarding
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GB 25493-2010
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 25493-2010 (GB25493-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Rapid prototyping machines by laser as processing energy -- Technical requirements for safeguarding | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J59 | | Classification of International Standard | 25.080.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 15,156 | | Date of Issue | 2010-12-01 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-10-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 2893; GB 2894; GB 5226.1-2008; GB 7247.1; GB 10320; GB/T 14896.7-2004; GB/T 15706.1-2007; GB/T 15706.2-2007; GB/T 16769-2008; GB 18490; GB/T 18569.1-2001; GB/T 18569.2-2001 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 9, 2010 (No. 164 overall) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard specifies the energy of a laser machining rapid prototyping machine safety technical requirements. This standard applies to laser energy for the processing of rapid prototyping machines. | GB 25493-2010: Rapid prototyping machines by laser as processing energy -- Technical requirements for safeguarding
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Rapid prototyping machines by laser as processing energy.Technical requirements for safeguarding
ICS 25.080.99
J59
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Laser energy for the processing of rapid prototyping machine
Security Technical Requirements
Issued on. 2010-12-01
2011-10-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅰ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions
4 Dangerous List 3
5 Safety requirements and measures 3
6 Use the information (see inspection 7.12) 5
Test 77 security requirements
Dangerous List Appendix A (informative) related to this standard 10
Foreword
The standard Chapter 5 - Chapter 7 are mandatory, the rest are recommended.
Appendix A of this standard is an informative annex.
The standard proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
The standard machine tools by the National Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC161) centralized.
This standard was drafted. Xi'an Jiaotong University, Rapid Manufacturing National Engineering Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Electrical Machines.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhao Wanhua, Songsong Hui, Yu Zhi three, Wang Ying, Fu Chusen, Bingheng.
Laser energy for the processing of rapid prototyping machine
Security Technical Requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements for safety in laser machining energy of rapid prototyping machines.
This standard applies to laser energy for the processing of rapid prototyping machine (hereinafter referred to as the "Machine").
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent
Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research
Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard.
GB 2893 Safety colors (GB 2893-2008, ISO 3864-1.2002, MOD)
GB 2894 Safety Signs and use guidelines
GB 5226.1-2008 Safety of machinery - Electrical machinery and electrical equipment - Part 1. General requirements (IEC 60204-1.2005,
IDT)
GB 7247.1 Safety of laser products - Part 1. Equipment Classification, Requirements and User's Guide (GB 7247.1-2001,
IEC 60825-1.1993, IDT)
GB 10320 laser systems and facilities electrical safety (GB 10320-1995, eqvIEC 820. 1986)
GB/T 14896.7-2004 machine tools - Terminology - Part 7. Rapid Prototyping Machine
GB/T 15706.1-2007 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1. Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1.
2003, IDT)
GB/T 15706.2-2007 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2. Technical principles (ISO 12100-2.
2003, IDT)
GB/T 16769-2008 Metal-cutting machine noise level measurements
GB 18490 Laser processing machines - Safety requirements (GB 18490-2001, eqvISO 11553.1996)
GB/T 18569.1-2001 Safety of machinery decreased from hazardous substances emitted by machinery health risk - Part 1. for
Machinery manufacturers principles and norms (eqvISO 14123-1.1998)
GB/T 18569.2-2001 Safety of machinery decreased from hazardous substances emitted by machinery health risk - Part 2. Generate
Method validation procedures (eqvISO 14123-2.1998)
3 Terms and Definitions
GB/T 14896.7-2004 and established the following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Dangerous hazard
Possible damage or harm to the health of origin.
Note. The "danger" of the term is generally used in combination with other words and is expected to define its origin or the nature of their injuries on the body of the health hazards, such as electric shock, radiation risk
Dangerous, dangerous cold, the risk of contamination, a crushing hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazards, etc. (the dangers generated by the machine, see Chapter 4).
3.2
Risk risk
In hazardous situation that may damage or harm to the health of the probability and extent of synthesis.
3.3
Danger zone dangerzone
People facing the risk of injury or harm to health of a region inside the machine, especially with laser systems, laser optical beam transmission system
Conventional forming region and relevant regional and (or) around the area.
Note. The risk of this definition envisaged in either the presence of dangerous sports (dangerous moving parts of the machine regularly scheduled during the trial period, the arc welding
Etc.), it may also occur unexpectedly (unexpected start).
3.4
Processing Zone machiningarea
Shaped region with the laser beam shaping interior material or workpiece interactions.
3.5
Security safeguarding
The use of specific technical means called a security guard (safety devices, guards), and can not prevent people from being avoided by the appropriate design
Or sufficiently limited variety of dangerous security measures.
3.6
Operator operator
The machine tool installation, use, adjustment, maintenance, repair or transfer and transportation personnel.
3.7
Guard guarddevice
Objects obstacles by way of habeas corpus means devoted. Structural protection device may be a shell, screen, doors, hood, around the bezel
Letters, enclosed protective devices.
Note 1. The role of protective devices can be.
--- Alone, only when it is closed it is valid;
--- And with or without guard locking interlock joint action, in this case, the guard is guaranteed regardless of the protective effect in any position.
Note 2. "Off" for fixed guards is "to keep in position."
3.8
Safety devices safetydevice
Or with a guard combined with (rather than guard) means a single device to eliminate or reduce risks.
3.9
Laser laser
Mainly through the process of controlled stimulated emission generated or amplified by means 180nm ~ 1mm wavelength electromagnetic radiation in. Also known as photons
Amplifier.
3.10
Laser radiation laserradiation
Wavelength laser products produced by controlled stimulated emission of 180nm ~ 1mm of all electromagnetic radiation.
3.11
Laser rapid prototyping machine laserrapidprototypingmachines
Laser-machining energy, layer by layer using the discrete/accumulation principle of rapid prototyping machine processed. Which contains one or more
Lasers, can provide sufficient energy or power, so that at least part of the melt molding material or a sintered workpiece, vaporized evaporation, phase transition
Cured.
3.12
Molding material formingmaterials
Used for the processing of laser energy rapid accumulation of processed material molded parts.
4 Dangerous List
Risk Factors machine see Appendix A.
5 Safety requirements and measures
5.1 General Requirements (check see 7.1)
5.1.1 predetermined function determined in the design of the machine, the intended use, life expectancy, use of laser systems and recommended suitable shaping material,
Should consider security measures. Machine according to prescribed conditions of manufacturing, installation, commissioning, maintenance, repair, storage, transport and use, does not deal with personnel
And the environment from harm and danger.
5.1.2 shall be designed out or reduce the risk, alone or in combination include the following measures.
--- Choose the appropriate design of the structure and reduce the risk to avoid;
--- Reduce operator needs to enter the danger zone, to control its risk.
5.1.3 By design danger can not be avoided or sufficiently limited, the security guards should be used to protect personnel.
5.1.4 For some hazard and risk can not be due to lack of protection guards and remain shall inform the operator through effective manner. should
In the instruction manual, it should be a warning sign or signs in dangerous parts when necessary.
5.2 Mechanical hazards and protective (check see 7.2)
5.2.1 The operator may touch machine parts shall not have sharp edges, sharp corners, sharp edges and other defects in order to avoid the risk of cuts and stab wounds.
5.2.2 Under predetermined operating conditions, machine tools and parts should not accidentally capsized. Laser systems, beam delivery components should be protective measures
And firmly positioned against impact and vibration.
5.2.3 reciprocating motion machine parts should take reliable limit. Each movement of the shaft should be provided with a reliable dual electrical and mechanical stop means
Set against the danger caused by the fall.
5.2.4 the machining area should be interlocked shields, protective beam path should be enclosed. For workspace use the machine closed structure,
The forming room should be interlocked door.
5.2.5 When the guard interlock is opened, the machine should not start or stop working, and shall ensure that, before the guard is closed not start.
Such as when forming chamber door is open, the machine can not be processed in order to prevent the danger of moving parts collide at high speeds.
5.2.6 Machine laser shaping device should be safe, reliable so that it does not fall off or be thrown off during exercise.
5.2.7 In a large part of the risk should consider the use of multiple different security guards, and a reliable fail-safe mechanism. Such as high temperature protection
Protective measures, the termination of the beam attenuator, baffles, automatic shutdown mechanism and other mechanical and electrical multiple protection devices.
5.3 safety devices (see check 7.3)
5.3.1 The safety device is a mechanism for the movement of the risks involved and set up. It should be.
--- Meet the required mechanical strength and stiffness, reliable performance;
--- Does not add any additional hazard (eg caused by pinching, shearing, etc.);
--- Can be firmly and securely fixed.
5.3.2 detachable guards should be easy assembly and disassembly, its quality can not be more than 6kg. Open impetus guards shall not exceed 40N.
Security (check see 7.4) 5.4 control systems and devices
5.4.1 machine control device and a control circuit shall conform to the requirements of GB 5226.1, the laser system and the rest of the machine, you can use
Separate control device to ensure its reliable function, and ensure that all functions do not interfere with each other. Control system should be able to withstand the expected workload
Dutch and foreign influence. Control information carrier interruption and damage should not result in uncontrolled movements, the laser system delay shutdown dangerous situation
appear.
5.4.2 Setting control systems should take into account the additional risk of misuse may result. Prone to misuse control devices should be designed
To consider fault tolerance.
5.4.3 The machine should be selected for each switching operation state control function set, each of which correspond to one set only control function or work
Status (such as automatic control or adjustment, inspection), can also be used in other ways (such as code control) work state selection. Stop the machine should be able to switch
So that the moving parts in the machine is stopped while isolating the laser beam, or no longer produce a laser beam; laser stop switch should enable the laser beam does not
Regenerate.
5.4.4 Each "start" control components shall be provided close to a "stop" control components. Each operating position of the machine shall be provided
Emergency stop devices. Stop the machine should be able to achieve.
--- Laser beam does not generate the laser shutter and automatically placed in the off position;
--- So that the machine shutdown (power control unit);
--- Laser cutting power and release all the energy stored.
5.4.5 often observed readings meter installation height is generally 0.7m ~ 1.7m. Infrequently observed readings meter installation height allowed
Xu 0.3m ~ 2.5m. Laser beam position monitoring system should be higher than the operator's eye level, and should take appropriate safety
Measures.
5.4.6 protective device is opened or moved, or interlock device failure, the machine does not automatically run the job. The machine tool design requirements
It is opened in one or more guard (when the normal processing is closed), and under machine control unit power supply situation, to perform a temporary
These procedures, the work provided should enable those guards invalid. Selected works.
a) by way of a lockable selector;
b) can automatically isolate the laser beam;
c) to prevent the machine runs automatically.
5.4.7 Application of the selected operating mode signal clearly expressed. After the work mode is selected, it should enable the beam interval in the maintenance
From invalid (ie "open shutter").
5.5 Electrical Hazards and Protection (see 7.5,7.13 checking)
5.5.1 Electrical box (cabinet) protection rating shall comply with the provisions of GB 5226.1.
5.5.2 protective earthing circuit continuity machine, insulation resistance testing and pressure tests shall comply with the provisions of GB 5226.1.
5.5.3 Machine molding indoor electrical equipment (including components) should have a resistance to heat, corrosion and explosion proof electrical products requirements (see
18.4 GB 5226.1-2008 provisions).
5.5.4 Additional safety requirements for machine tools, electrical equipment shall comply with the provisions of GB 5226.1.
5.5.5 using high pressure (higher than 1kV) laser, the laser should be able to cut off the power at the time, the energy stored in the capacitor quick release. anode
Working voltage is greater than 5kV electronic devices should be carried out X-ray shielding.
5.6 Temperature control security requirements (see 7.6,7.14 inspection)
5.6.1 laser processing system should be reliable temperature control device can automatically adjust the temperature, the heating system should be insulated external anti
Protection measures (such as the installation of insulating material with protective cover) to prevent the danger of scalding.
5.6.2 forming chamber or hopper tank heating machine, take the following precautions.
--- Use reliable temperature control means for controlling the heater temperature to prevent overheating;
--- Forming chamber or hopper tank temperature exceeds the set temperature alarm should be, and can be shut down or stop heating process requirements.
5.6.3 forming chamber doors should be interlocked with the laser processing heating system, in which heating and processing operation, the door can not be opened.
5.6.4 should prompt the desired heating temperature and different molding material forming chamber, a hopper tank temperature range in the operating manual.
5.7 ventilation, fire safety requirements (see 7.7 inspection)
5.7.1 forming room should be equipped with ventilation devices, cooling flow should meet the requirements, according to process requirements and the forming chamber, a hopper or tank heater linkage
Interlock.
5.7.2 When using laser facilitate interaction with the material forming the auxiliary gas (such as oxygen), ranked in the workplace should be made use specification
Gas, ventilation and fire suppression equipment requirements.
5.8 Hazardous Substances protection requirements (see 7.8,7.15 inspection)
5.8.1 shall GB/T 18569.1-2001 provisions of the principles, taking into account the emission of smoke and molding material scattered in the air particulate matter
Quality on the harmful health risks and take appropriate method to be recovery, discharge standards and proposed limits for hazardous substances in the User's Guide
These limit values and the molding material produced in the process of smoke and particulate matter.
5.8.2 Determination of the concentration of harmful substances according to GB/T 18569.2-2001 provisions.
5.9 laser radiation safety (inspection see 7.9)
5.9.1 should be GB 7247.1 of the security protection of the laser radiation.
5.9.2 When the laser radiation is likely to exceed Level 1 AEL (up to the limit of radiation), there should be one or more guards to prevent people entering the processing
Area. According to the direction of the beam relative to the workpiece, the type of laser machining, forming process visibility nature of the material and processing zones to select use
Effective protection of local or peripheral laser radiation protection measures.
5.9.3 Taking into account the period of maintenance personnel sometimes inevitably approaching Level 1 AEL (up to the limit of radiation) to laser radiation above shall
The following four cases (according to the order listed to consider) laser processing machine design and provide appropriate security measures.
a) outside the danger zone for maintenance;
b) In the danger zone for maintenance, use and control during the production in the same way close (such as interlocked guard);
c) In the danger zone and close to the level of not more than 1 AEL (up to the limit of radiation) laser radiation repair (such as during the normal production
Guard closed open);
d) In the danger zone for maintenance, such as when opening the guard closed during normal production level accessible than 1 AEL (up to
Radiative limit) laser radiation.
The manufacturer should indicate the level of laser radiation as closely as possible, and to make recommendations on each (if appropriate) of the security program.
5.9.4 In the training, planning and program verification period should be avoided from approaching 3A level AEL (up to the limit of radiation) than laser radiation. Such as
Can not satisfy this condition, it should meet the protection requirements during maintenance.
5.9.5 Isolation of the laser beam to be cut off by the light beam and (or) to deviate the laser beam to achieve in order to prevent the laser beam entering the beam delivery
system.
Isolation should be used to achieve a beam can be removed immediately or fail-safe laser laser beam laser located within the stopper (light
brake). Beam stopper is in the closed position when there is a pointer to give instructions (ie, preventing the light beam emitted).
Should provide an easy way to make block the light path of the beam stopper locking, allowing the use for this key switch.
In the following cases the machine manufacturer can provide additional beam stopper.
a) there along the optical path (beam delivery system) for maintenance or cleaning zone area;
b) a plurality of laser light path, people need to go to one of the light path beam to be transmitted along optical path when other.
5.9.6 Taking into account must remain in (except production) danger zone, the machine should provide emission control systems and laser beam
It means, and shall be located in a hazardous area personnel control. Such devices shall meet the following requirements.
--- The handheld device should have a control switch, it can be prevented from approaching disconnect Class 3A AEL (up to the limit of radiation) or more
Laser radiation;
--- When using this control device, the machine control system and the laser beam emitted shall be exclusively controlled by the device;
--- If through the door to enter the danger zone, these doors should be closed before they can start using the device emits a laser.
5.10 noise (see inspection 7.10)
5.10.1 machine tool noise level should not exceed 75dB (A). Noise level measurement tool should be consistent with GB/T 16769
Provisions.
5.10.2 machine during operation should not be screams and the sound of impact.
5.11 Lighting (see inspection 7.11)
5.11.1 shall provide the required illumination device or machine safety interface reserved illumination device on the machine.
Electrical safety requirements 5.11.2 machine lighting device shall comply with the provisions of 15.2 GB 5226.1-2008.
6 Use the information (see inspection 7.12)
6.1 signals and warning devices
Signal and warning device design, configuration should be easy to check. Instructions for use should be warning device inspection requirements. Lasers work
It should make a clear signal indication, warning signs should be posted in a prominent position of the machine, and should meet the requirements of GB 7247.1.
6.2 signs and symbols
6.2.1 machine tools and laser system components should be marked on the product (nameplate), including the following information.
--- Name of the manufacturer;
---product name;
--- Product type, laser classification level;
--- Production date or date of manufacture;
--- Product Code.
Oiling and lubricating points on the machine and its annexes 6.2.2 should sign. Color manipulation member and the host should be different.
6.2.3 Easy hazard areas (including guard) to warn the operator should pay attention to a variety of dangerous security safety signs or painted occur
color. Safety signs shall comply with the provisions of GB 2894. Safety colors shall comply with the provisions of GB 2893.
Flag Machine Tool 6.2.4 Electrical equipment shall comply with the provisions of GB 5226.1.
6.2.5 Safety signs on the machine and the safety color should be used to produce anti-corrosion materials, installation firm, clear display. Information should be kept prominently visible,
And it should not be blocked.
6.2.6 laser product should be based on their type, level, affixed with various flags, and should meet the requirements of GB 7247.1. In its use, maintenance
Or during maintenance, signs should remain fixed, legible, visible. Border signs and symbols should be painted black on yellow surface.
6.3 User's Guide
6.3.1 Overview
Instructions requirements regarding safety should be comprehensive, specific, clear awareness of the risks in the operation, the operator may face, and
Danger due precautions and protective methods described. Instructions secure content, see 6.3.2 - 6.3.7. Use vector instructions (paper
Quality or CD) should ensure durability.
And in the instruction manual (or) the operating manual should include the following.
a) shall comply with protective measures against laser radiation GB 7247.1 provisions.
Minimum requirements. you may be exposed to radiation 3B and Class 4 laser products, and should wear suitable laser wavelength and its power
protection goggle.
b) the voltage and current used to drive the laser and its ancillary equipment is dangerous. It may contain the power capacitor bank, located in
After cutting off the power supply equipment, it is also possible to continue for some time before discharged. Maintenance should give full attention to the power supply, the Compliance
Follow the electrical safety regulations.
6.3.2 Machine transport, handling and storage of information
Machine tool transportation, handling and storage of information, including.
--- Machine safety storage conditions;
--- Machine size, mass and center of gravity position;
--- Handling instructions machine (such as a springboard for lifting equipment), the laser system should be part of air transport;
--- Safety requirements for packaging machines and packaging graphic mark, the laser system components with the original packaging, original logo alone package.
6.3.3 commissioning the machine delivered information
Information commissioning the machine delivered include.
--- Fixed machine requirements;
--- Assembly and installation requirements. the installation space requirements, etc., the laser system components must be securely mounted and firmly secured in its path and extend
Line direction may not have flat convex reflector;
--- Description of the machine to connect the power source (including the requirements of the grounding device);
--- Permissible ambient conditions. such as ambient temperature, humidity, dust and vibration requirements.
6.3.4 Machine own information
The information includes the machine itself.
--- Machine noise generated data;
--- Security features instructions and diagrams.
6.3.5 Machine Tool usage information
Machine usage information includes.
--- Preparation before use and inspection;
--- Before use and use of security alerts and security, warning signs explanation;
Process --- starting and running procedures, methods, precautions and preventive measures as well as misuse prone;
--- Operation may occur in dangerous situations;
--- Operation monitoring and recording security situation.
6.3.6 machine maintenance information
Should make service personnel safety technical requirements of the laser system components maintenance and repair should be strictly in accordance with Technical Product Safety
Practice having qualified technical personnel and laser safety officer together.
6.3.7 Emission of hazardous substances
Installation of emissions of harmful substances related accessories, the use should be described; emissions of harm...
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