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GB 23726-2009: Regulation for radiation environmental monitoring in uranium mine and mill
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Regulation for radiation environmental monitoring in uranium mine and mill
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GB 23726-2009
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 23726-2009 (GB23726-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Regulation for radiation environmental monitoring in uranium mine and mill | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | F74 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.280 | | Word Count Estimation | 24,296 | | Date of Issue | 2009-05-06 | | Date of Implementation | 2010-02-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 6, 2009 (No. 146 overall) | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard specifies the uranium mining and milling of environmental radiation monitoring, effluent monitoring, sample collection and processing, measurement and analysis methods, data processing, quality assurance requirements and the monitoring report content and format and content of the report. This standard applies to uranium mining and uranium production plant radiation environmental monitoring. Associated radioactive mines or production plant may also refer to execution. | GB 23726-2009: Regulation for radiation environmental monitoring in uranium mine and mill---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Regulation for radiation environmental monitoring in uranium mine and mill
ICS 13.280
F74
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Uranium Mining and radiation environment monitoring provisions
Posted 2009-05-06
2010-02-01 implementation
People's Republic of China Ministry of Environmental Protection
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China released
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅰ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions
General requirements for environmental monitoring 4 1
5 4 effluent monitoring
6 sample collection, storage and pretreatment 5
7 Measurement and Analysis Instruments Select 7
7 Data Processing 8
8 9 Quality Assurance
10 monitoring reports and statements 9
Appendix A (informative) Environmental Radiation Measurement Analysis 10
Annex B (informative) monitoring reports and statements 13
Foreword
All the technical contents of this standard is mandatory.
The Standard Appendix A and Appendix B are informative.
The standard proposed by China National Nuclear Corporation.
This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee on Nuclear Energy (SAC/TC58) centralized.
This standard was drafted. the Jinyuan Uranium industry limited liability company.
Drafters of this standard. Zhao Sheng, Wang Pu, Duan Jian Chen.
Uranium Mining and radiation environment monitoring provisions
1 Scope
This standard specifies the uranium mining and metallurgy environmental radiation monitoring, effluent monitoring, sample collection and processing, measurement and analysis methods, data processing, quality
And requirements to ensure the content and the format and content of monitoring reports and statements.
This standard applies to environmental radiation monitoring of uranium mines and uranium dressing plant. Associated also with reference to the implementation of radioactive mine or dressing plant.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent
Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research
Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard.
Analyzing and processing GB /statistical processing and interpretation of normal sample outliers T 4883 data
GB/T 6768 Water trace uranium analysis
GB 12379 environmental radiation monitoring provisions
GB 14586 environmental management of decommissioning of uranium mining and milling facilities technical requirements
HJ/T 61 Environmental Radiation Monitoring Technical Specification
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Uranium dressing plant and mine uranium mines, ventilation wells, waste rock, waste water treatment, ore bin, to leaching field, heap leaching field, ore transfer station, workshops,
Covering the range of tailings (residue) library and other facilities covered.
3.2
In the form of gases, aerosols, dust or liquids into the environment of radioactive material URANIUM practice source caused by the generally lower status
It can be diluted and dispersed in the environment, such as gaseous radon and radon, aerosols, liquid uranium, radium and so on.
3.3
Before the facility, run, and during normal operation, radiation levels in the environment and natural radionuclides in environmental media activity concentrated
Of regular monitoring carried out.
3.4
In case of an accident, radioactive contamination of the environment to identify health and radiation levels were monitored.
4 General requirements for environmental monitoring
4.1 monitoring purposes and requirements
4.1.1 monitoring purposes
Timely understand and master the environmental pollution situation and pollution trends; Analyzing comparison with the control point source pollution and risk may cause
Harm; accumulated monitoring data provide the basis for environmental management.
4.1.2 Monitoring Requirements
a) monitoring the content should be determined according to the characteristics of the project, the type of monitoring, and evaluation of three key environmental characteristics;
b) monitoring program should be carried out to optimize the design, with the accumulated experience, and constantly improve the monitoring program;
Using a predetermined standard methods c) Sample collection, pretreatment and monitoring methods;
d) based on the engineering characteristics, type of contaminant, the degree of pollution and environmental quality conditions and other factors, a targeted selection of a non-radioactive substance
Quality monitoring, such as heavy metals, toxic and hazardous chemical substances.
4.1.3 Monitoring type
a) The background investigation;
b) environmental monitoring;
c) emergency monitoring;
d) decommissioning monitoring.
4.2 Monitoring Sites and scope
4.2.1 Monitoring Sites
4.2.1.1 γ radiation air dose rate Monitoring Sites
Border outside the main settlements a) MINE laid monitoring points;
b) the air sampling point at the same time laid γ radiation air dose rate monitoring points;
c) tailings (residue) libraries, waste rock, ore bin, heap leaching field, plant (field) boundary sites, transfer stations and other potentially contaminated local distribution;
d) transport laid mines along the highway monitoring points, easily spill area will increase the monitoring point.
4.2.1.2 Air samples Monitoring Sites
a) distribution point to consider. wind direction, wind frequency and other weather conditions; factories and mines near the boundary downwind of pollution sources; persons residing outside the factories and mines around the area
Or often a place to stay; the concentration of air pollutants is expected to fall at the maximum;
b) air samples distribution according to the specific circumstances of the region factories and mines MINE size, topographical features, determine the sampling point distribution facilities;
c) the position of the control point should choose to leave the impact of pollutants from factories, mines;
d) monitoring the area around the point should open flat, away from trees and buildings (structures).
4.2.1.3 Surface water samples Monitoring Sites
a) Surface water distribution should be selected on the outer surface boundary MINE potentially contaminated water and river water;
b) the sampling tap in rivers downstream of the discharge port residential water points, irrigation intake and economic aquatic products, fish breeding and public swimming
Places, etc.;
c) the density of surface water samples sampling points according to changes in water quality can be reasonably concentration distribution;
d) the location of sampling points control point located outside the boundary from factories, mines and pollution of water bodies position.
4.2.1.4 Groundwater Monitoring Sites
Rock groundwater a) groundwater sampling well location by the distribution site area, the flow of other factors to determine;
b) groundwater samples distribution main consideration of mine water effluent, ground water leaching observation wells; underground heap leaching field, ground soaked field, tailings (residue) library field
Water; waste rock and tailings (residue) library to leaching field, heap leach underground wells around the site;
c) zone for site upstream position laid a control sample well of the sample.
4.2.1.5 Water distribution sediment samples
Press point selected surface water sampling points laid.
4.2.1.6 distribution of soil samples
It expected to be farmland, soil distribution that is outside the factories and mines drainage pollution.
4.2.1.7 sampling distribution of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, fodder plants, food
Place fabric sampling point is probably affected by pollution in factories and mines outside the boundaries of the plant with soil sample distribution of distribution points.
4.2.2 Monitoring the scope
4.2.2.1 determine principles
a) According to the characteristics of factories and mines, as well as to predict the scope of the environmental characteristics;
b) the scope of monitoring HJ/T 61 standard requirements;
c) Environmental monitoring experience accumulated over the years of running factories, mines and the like to determine the scope of monitoring.
4.2.2.2 scope of monitoring
a) Baseline survey and environmental monitoring range
MINE outside measuring range within the boundaries of 5km.
b) emergency monitoring range
Measuring range effects of the accident.
c) retirement (before retirement after evaluation and final state) the scope of monitoring
Measure decommissioning projects within the outer boundary of the range of 3km.
4.3 Monitoring Programme
a) environmental monitoring program are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Environmental Monitoring Programme
Reference media monitoring sampling points or sampling points of measurement and frequency measurement and analysis projects
1 Air
Tailings (residue) libraries, waste rock, exhaust well downwind edge facilities
Boundaries; the nearest residential area around the facility; control point
1/quarter 222Rn and its daughters
2 Aerosol
Recently residents around facilities; downwind boundary outside ventilation shaft
Point; control point
1/U half natural, total α
3 Terrestrial γ
Tailings (residue) library;; waste rock; air sampling distribution point easily spill
Mineral roads
1/half γ radiation air dose rates
4 Surface Water
Outfall downstream of the first water point; downstream of the main settlements;
Control Point
1/half year
Natural U, 226Ra, 210Po, 210Pb
Total α, total β; pH value; toxic
Harmful substances such as Cd, As, Mn, etc.
5 Groundwater
Tailings dam downstream groundwater; mine water; to leaching, heap leaching including underground
The aqueous layer water; drinking water wells around the mine; control point
1/U half natural, 226Ra, 210Po, 210Pb
Control points; 6 farmland soil or soil pollution
1/half year or planting
Was growing
Natural U, 226Ra, etc; toxic
Harmful substances such as Cd, As, etc.
7 sediment surface water with 1/year of natural U, 226Ra, etc.
8 terrestrial polluted by waste water; the control point is determined according to the actual situation of natural U, 226Ra, 210Po, 210Pb
9 lake aquatic organisms affected by surface water runoff, rivers; the control point 1/year or harvesting of natural U, 226Ra, 210Po, 210Pb
b) measurement and analysis methods, see Chapter 7 related content.
4.4 Monitoring Requirements
4.4.1 Background Investigation
a) sampling point or measuring point baseline survey measurement, measurement and analysis projects in Table 1, the proposed site 222Rn exhalation rate increase, but groundwater
Measurements determined, as appropriate;
b) not less than one year background investigation, monitoring frequency at least twice;
c) changes of atmospheric 222Rn measuring not less than two points, each point measured at least 3d day continuous monitoring 24h.
4.4.2 Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring program during a) run with Table 1; and underground leaching to groundwater monitoring increase heap leach acid (or base), pH value and so on;
b) monitoring frequency during operation. In addition to the surface water monitoring frequency of 1 times/season, the other to monitor the frequency with Table 1.
4.4.3 Emergency Monitoring
a) prepare emergency monitoring include security and other resources, equipment and apparatus; equipped with emergency rescue, incident handling measures;
b) emergency monitoring equipment should meet the monitoring requirements and sensitivities;
c) the scope of monitoring to track the value of the environmental background.
4.4.4 Monitoring retired
a) before retiring Governance Monitoring
According to the content and requirements of GB 14586 provisions for monitoring, monitoring programs are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 decommissioning monitoring program
No. Monitoring media monitoring point or sampling point measurement and analysis projects
1 waste rock waste rock field
222Rn exhalation rate, γ radiation air dose rates;
Natural U, 226Ra specific activity
2 tailings (residue)
Tailings (residue) library
222Rn exhalation rate, γ radiation air dose rates;
Natural U, 226Ra specific activity
Water seeping natural U, 226Ra, pH value
External tailings (residue) library boundary 222Rn and its daughters, γ radiation air dose rates
3 Groundwater
Mine water, natural drinking water wells U, 226Ra
To leaching field, underground natural heap leaching field U, 226Ra; acid or alkaline, pH value, etc.
4 surface water outfall downstream of the first intake point downstream of the main settlements of natural U, 226Ra, total α, total β; As or Cd, pH value, etc.
5 soil, sediment soil; sediment surface water with natural U, 226Ra; As or Cd etc.
6 with biological soil, surface water, natural U, 226Ra; As or Cd etc.
7 devices, building (structure) building (structure) building materials, equipment surfaces α, β radioactive
8 industrial site measuring point of not less than three natural U, 226Ra, γ radiation air dose rates
9 scrap iron and steel, vehicle surfaces α, β radioactive
10 combustible waste surface or in-kind surface α, β radioactive or natural U,
226Ra
b) retired the final state assessment monitoring
After retiring the final state assessment monitoring program are shown in Table 2, but the media monitoring project discretion to reduce.
c) guardianship of Monitoring
1) monitoring the media. the main monitoring waste rock and tailings (residue) library; mine tailings or effluent water;
2) Monitoring Project. U natural, 226Ra, 226Rn exhalation rate, γ radiation air dose rate;
3) Monitoring Frequency. After retiring the first two years of the completion of treatment monitoring frequency is 1/a; a year later to reduce monitoring frequency.
5 effluent monitoring
5.1 monitoring purposes and principles
a) monitoring purposes
Monitoring the concentration of pollutants and emissions; test the effect of pollutant treatment facilities.
b) monitoring principles
1) effluent monitoring should be considered content type associated with radiation facilities, size, and other factors to determine the environmental characteristics;
2) effluent monitoring including radioactive and non-radioactive monitoring projects;
3) in the development of effluent monitoring program shall be to optimize the design according to the characteristics of the effluent, not on the basis of experience feedback
Continually improved monitoring programs.
5.2 Monitoring Programme
5.2.1 effluent monitoring
Effluent monitoring program are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 effluent monitoring program
ID Media monitor sampling point or monitoring point frequency measurement and analysis projects
Exhaust gas
Mine. Well exhaust
Dressing plant. vent
1/quarter 222Rn and its daughters, U natural
Waste rock, tailings (residue) 1/half 222Rn exhalation rate
2 Aerosol
Mine. Well exhaust
Dressing plant. vent
1/quarter long-lived radioactive nuclides α
3 wastewater outfall 1 times/month
Natural U, 226Ra, 210Po; 210Pb, pH value;
(Heavy metals, toxic and hazardous chemical substances selective measurement)
4 waste rock, (library) border out tailings (residue) Field 1/half 222Rn
5.2.2 Monitoring frequency
Effluent monitoring frequency in Table 3. Dressing plant. Adsorption Tail Liquid precipitation mother liquor, tailings seeping water discharge trough the use of wastewater in natural U,
pH monitoring frequency to monitor each tank before discharge once, 226Ra monitored once every two weeks; other wastewater discharge monitoring frequency with Table 3.
5.3 Measurement and Analysis
Effluent measurement and analysis methods, see this provision in Chapter 7 content.
6 sample collection, storage and pretreatment
6.1 Sampling principle
a) sampling shall be operated under the quality control measures;
Sample b) should be representative of the collection;
c) determine the monitoring program, sampling method and sample volume based on factors engineering characteristics, environmental characteristics and monitoring purposes; samples should be collected
A sufficient margin to prepare for the review;
d) The sampler should use before been tested.
6.2 sampling requirements
6.2.1 Under normal circumstances, the sampling should be carried out according to the contents shown in Table 1.
6.2.2 When one of the following occurs, it is timely sampling.
a) changes in the scope of activity concentration of radionuclides in the environment, great;
b) changes in a large range of emission rate;
c) the release of unconventional bring serious harm.
6.3 Sample collection and storage
6.3.1 Sample Collection
6.3.1.1 Air
a) 222Rn and its daughters
1) sample preparation equipment, filter materials and pump equipment;
2) the location of sampling port from the ground height of about 1.5m;
3) sampling. Sampler After verification, confirm the good performance before sampling; recording sampling conditions; sampling volume conversion
The volume under standard conditions.
b) Aerosol
Sampling methods with 222Rn and its daughters sampling methods.
6.3.1.2 Water
a) Surface water
1) Sampling equipment. automatic water harvesting or plastic barrels;
2) sampling point. sample in the control section of the main river center or the left, middle and right three o'clock sampling; lakes, reservoirs, ponds should adopt multi-point
Sample; 20cm below the surface of the sample are in the water samples;
3) Sampling Method. Wash before sampling sampling equipment. After washing three times with water sample collected water samples sampling.
b) drinking water, groundwater
1) sampling device. the same surface water sampling equipment;
2) sampling point. the end of the water collection pipes water samples; drinking well water taken from wells; spring water collected from a large spring water;
3) Sampling Method. Direct water samples.
c) Sediment
1) using a dedicated deepwater sediment dredging sediment is collected;
2) shallow water with a plastic spoon directly collected sediment;
3) collected sediment samples placed in sealed bags.
6.3.1.3 Soil
a) Sampling equipment. Soil sampling or sample shovel;
b) sampling methods. within 10m × 10m range, plum-shaped cloth, no less than five sampling points, collect vertical depth of 10cm
Topsoil, removing stones, weeds; take 2kg ~ 3kg mixed sample bag sealed.
6.3.1.4 terrestrial
a) cereal. gathering consumption residents or large acreage of cereals; cereal seeds collected during the harvest season, collecting 0.5kg ~ 1kg
Cereal samples;
b) Vegetables. Vegetables collection or consumption of ordinary residents or large acreage of vegetables in uniform vegetable growing collection of 5 to 7
Samples collected edible parts 2kg ~ 3kg;
c) Meat. Acquisition commonly consumed meat 1kg ~ 2kg;
d) milk. milk taken fresh juice 1L ~ 3L.
6.3.1.5 Aquatic Organisms
a) Fish. collecting edible fish 1kg ~ 2kg;
b) seaweed, plankton;
c) samples collected directly in the fishing season.
6.3.2 Sample storage
a) live recording
Sampling personnel fill its sample and the sample card and signature.
b) Sample Storage
1) water sample. collecting water samples to acidification, and then clarified supernatant spare; preservation of water samples does not exceed 10d;
2) Soil. measuring the moisture content in the 5d, dry preservation;
3) biological sample. After collecting a timely manner, pay attention to preservation;
4) samples collected classified storage, safekeeping, to prevent cross-contamination.
c) transport of samples
Pre-shipment inspection sample packaging meets the requirements, by the person in charge of transport, breakage or leakage spill to take timely measures.
d) sample transfer, acceptance
Quality assurance personnel and sample delivery personnel should be carefully inventory sample; acceptance of laboratory samples were stored, kept by quality assurance personnel; according to analysts
Established procedures to receive samples.
6.4 Sample preparation
6.4.1 water samples
Water samples shipped to the laboratory, sedimentation clarification or filtration in addition to the suspension, the supernatant was concentrated by evaporation spare.
6.4.2 Soil and sediment samples
Sample arrival in the laboratory, the sand was removed weeds and other foreign matter, weighed, dried and sieved, dried spare thermostat.
6.4.3 Biological Samples
6.4.3.1 fresh sample processing
a) cereal. cereal seeds collected, dried, shelled, to debris, weighing alternate.
b) Vegetables. In addition to collecting soil samples, take edible parts of washing, drying, said the fresh weight standby.
c) aquatic organisms.
1) Fish. Fresh samples were collected, washed, dried to the scales, in addition to internal organs, weighing alternate;
2) algae. Wash the roots samples were collected, dried, weighed alternate take edible part.
d) meat. pork, chicken and other hair removal and viscera, to take the relevant parts of the muscle, weighing alternate.
6.4.3.2 Sample drying
a) leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit, meat slices, dried to constant weight of the samples to water loss, sealed spare;
b) transferred to milk evaporating dish and heated and evaporated to dryness to spare;
c) soil to dry or drying.
6.4.3.3 sample ashing
Dry sample into an evaporating dish and heated carbonization and ashing, cooling weighing, calculating fresh ash (dry) ratio, sealed spare.
6.4.4 gas sample
a) Aerosol. The selected membrane material, sampling measurement; or a combination of the test project, the cellulose filter carbonization, ashing;
b) Radon. filter sampling measured directly.
7 Measurement and Analysis Instruments choice
7.1 Measurement and Analysis
7.1.1 Select Measurement Analysis Principles
Measurement and analysis in the selection process, preference should be given national standard monitoring methods; there is no national standard monitoring methods can be used industry standards
Monitoring methods.
7.1.2 Measurement Analysis
Radioactivity measurement and analysis methods in Appendix A; non-radiometric analysis using standard measurement method prescribed by the state.
7.2 Instrument selection
Depending on the type of radionuclide to be measured, and the activity concentration range of physicochemical properties of the sample, select appropriate measuring equipment; and the Spirit should be used
Sensitive high technical performance indicators in line with the requirements of the equipment.
8 Data processing
8.1 Monitoring Record
Monitoring records include the following. place of sampling, date, type of sample; measurement and analysis records; measurement and analysis methods; equipment;
Measurement and analysis; and related parameters and data (hydrological, meteorological measurement results, the sampling system collection efficiency, flow rate, sampling time
Room and location, equipment efficiency, the background count, etc.); measurement and analysis have been signed and the like.
8.2 significant digits and rounding provisions
a) data processing shall be subject to monitoring "significant figures" and "digital rounding" of the relevant rules. After a detailed analysis of the measured values should be suspicious value
According to the requirements GB/T 4883 provisions were removed. Excluding repeated until all outliers removed.
b) Results are expressed as the average of duplicate samples. The sample data is below the detection limit of the measured value should still says while averaging
Available detection limit participation average 1/10.
c) When the monitoring results of analysis and evaluation, should be related to the significance test and analysis of variance.
8.3 Detection limit
Lower limit of detection for the evaluation of a measure (including the method, apparatus and personnel operations, etc.) technical indicators. For the count rate, activity concentration probe
Measured by the minimum detectable limit net sample count LLDN considered. Generally approximate normal distribution of LLDN mostly can take
That is, the formula.
LLDN = (Kα + Kβ) SN
Where.
SN --- net sample count standard deviation;
Kα, Kβ --- Table 4.
Table 4 Common K value table
α or β 1-β K (Kα or Kβ)
0.05 0.95 1.645
0.1 0.90 1.282
0.50 0.50 0
When α = β = 0.05, Kα = Kβ = 1.645; then LLDN Sang = 2 2KαSb = 4.65Sb, where Sb as background standard deviation count.
When the sample measurement time is equal to the background, using the Poisson distribution standard deviation, if a statistical confidence level of 95% and net count LLDN =
9 Qual...
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