GB 18871-2002 PDF English
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Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources
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GB 18871-2002: Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB18871-2002
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
ICS 13.280
F 73
GB 18871−2002
Replacing GB4792−1984, GB8703−1988
Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for
the Safety of Radiation Sources
ISSUE ON. OCTOBER 8, 2002
Implemented on. APRIL 1, 2003
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
of the People’s Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Definitions... 4
3 General Requirements... 4
4 Major Requirement for Practice... 7
5 Major Requirement for Intervention... 14
6 Control of Occupational Exposure... 16
7 Control of Medical Exposure... 24
8 Control of Public Exposure... 32
9 Control of Potential Exposure -- Safety of Source... 37
10 Intervention of Emergency Exposure Condition... 43
11 Intervention of Prolonged Exposure Condition... 47
Appendix A (Normative) Exemptions... 50
Appendix B (Normative) Dose Limits and Control Level of Surface Contamination... 58
Appendix C (Normative) Classification of Working Spaces with Unsealed Sources... 194
Appendix D (Normative) Toxicity Grouping of Radionuclides... 195
Appendix E (Normative) Dose Level of Expected Intervention in Any Case and the Intervention
Level and Action Level Under Emergency Exposure Condition... 198
Appendix F (Normative) Sign and Warning Sign of Ionizing Radiation... 201
Appendix G (Informative) Guidance Level for Medical Exposure of Radiodiagnosis and Nuclear
Medicine Diagnosis... 202
Appendix H (Informative) Action Level Under Prolonged Exposure Condition... 206
Appendix J (Normative) Terms and Definitions... 207
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic requirements of ionizing radiation protection and radiation
source safety (hereinafter referred to as “protection and safety”).
This standard is applicable to the protection of ionizing radiation exposure received by personnel
in practice and intervention as well as source safety in practice.
This standard is not applicable to the protection for detriment to personnel possibly caused by
nonionizing radiation (such as microwave, ultraviolet, visible light and infrared radiation).
2 Definitions
See Appendix J (Normative) for the terms and definitions adopted by this standard.
3 General Requirements
3.1 Application
3.1.1 Practice
The practice applicable to this standard shall include.
3.1.2 Source
3.1.3 Exposure
3.1.4 Intervention
3.2 Excluding
Any exposure condition essentially incapable control for size or possibility of exposure through
this standard requirement implementation, such as the exposure caused by 40K in human body and
cosmic ray reaching earth surface shall not be applicable this standard, and shall be excluded in the
application scope of this standard.
3.3 Responsible Party of Implementation and Responsibility
3.3.1 Responsible party
4 Major Requirement for Practice
4.1 Basic Principles
4.1.1 Introduction, implementation, interruption or stopping of any practice and exploitation, mill,
processing, design, manufacture, construction, assembling, procurement, import, export, sales, sell out,
lending, lease, receiving, installation, positioning, debugging, holding, use, operation, maintenance, repair,
transfer, decommission, disassembly, transportation, storage or disposal of any source in practice shall
be carried out according to relevant requirements of this standard; unless the exposure generated by
relevant practice or source is excluded or the relevant practice or source is exempted by the
requirements of this standard.
4.1.2 For any practice applicable to this standard, any source in practice or any activity specified in
4.1.1, the implementation of each relevant requirement of this standard shall be corresponding with
characteristic of this practice or source and size and possibility of its caused exposure, and shall meet
specified relevant requirements by regulatory authority.
4.1.3 The transportation of radioactive material shall follow the requirements of national relevant
safety transportation laws and regulations of radioactive substance.
4.2 Management Requirements
4.2.1 Notification
4.2.2 Approval. registration or licensing
4.2.3 Authorized legal person. registrant and licensee
4.2.4 Exemptions
4.2.5 Clearance
4.3 Radiation Protection Requirements
4.3.1 Justifiability of practice
4.3.2 Dose limit and potential exposure risk limit
4.3.3 Optimization of protection and safety
4.4.4 Qualified expert
4.6 Confirmation of Safety
4.6.1 Safety assessment
The safety assessment shall be carried out for protection and safety measures of source in practice
in different stages (including site selection, design, manufacture, installation, debugging, running,
maintenance and decommission), to.
4.6.2 Monitoring and verification
4.6.3 Records
The records of monitoring and verification shall be preserved, including equipment inspection
and calibration records.
5 Major Requirement for Intervention
5.1 Basic Principles
5.1.1 In order to reduce or avoid exposure, only when the adopted protective action or remedial
action is justifiable under intervention condition, this action shall be adopted.
5.1.2 The form, scale and duration of any protective action or remedial action shall be optimized to
obtain maximum net benefit considering as a whole under general social and economic condition.
5.2 Management Requirements
5.2.1 Emergency exposure condition
5.2.2 Prolonged exposure condition
For the prolonged exposure condition exceeding or possibly exceeding relevant action level, the
relevant intervening organization shall establish general or special remedial action plan for field
location according to demand through relevant department recognition. The legal person responsible for
implementation shall ensure to carry out according to authorized remedial action plan during adopting
remedial action.
5.2.3 Protection of worker and public
5.2.4 Report requirements
When the emergency exposure condition requiring adopting protective action happens or predicts
to happen, the registrant and licensee shall immediately report to relevant intervening organization
and regulatory authority and shall report to them at any time.
5.3 Radiation Protection Requirements
5.3.1 When the advantage of intervention is predicted to be large than disadvantage after com-
prehensive consideration of health protection, social and economic factors, the intervention is
justifiable. If the dose level is close to or is predicted to be close to the level given out in E1 of
Appendix E (Normative), the protective action or remedial action adopted under any condition shall
be nearly always justifiable.
5.3.2 In intervention plan, the intervention level and action level of optimization shall be specified;
the determination of this optimized intervention level and action level shall be based on the criteria
given out in E2 of Appendix E (Normative) and Appendix H (Informative), and the national conditions
and local actual conditions shall be considered, such as.
5.3.3 During accident response process, the justifiability of intervention and planned optimization
degree of intervention level shall be taken into account again according to the following factors.
6 Control of Occupational Exposure
6.1 Responsibility
6.1.1 The registrant, license holder and employing unit shall be in charge of the protection for staff
against occupational exposure and shall observe the relevant requirements relevant of this standard.
6.1.2 The registrant, license holder and employing unit shall promise to all the staff members who
are engaged in activities that is or may be subject to occupational exposure.
6.1.3 When the registrant, license holder and employing unit are employing new staff members, the
record of the employees in the original employing unit and other relevant data shall be acquired.
6.1.4 Registrant, license holder and employing unit shall require the staff members to observe this
standard, if necessary, administrative management measures shall be taken to ensure inform the staff
members of that they are responsible for protecting themselves and others from suffering radiant
exposure and maintaining the source safety.
6.1.5 Obligations and responsibilities of staff members are.
6.1.6 Once the situation that this standard is violated or not observed is discovered by staff members,
it shall be reported to registrant, license holder or employing unit as soon as possible.
6.2 Dose Control of Occupational Exposure
6.2.1 Dose control of normal exposure
The dose control of normal exposure shall be in accordance with those specified in 4.3.2 and the
relevant requirements in 4.3.3 about the radiation protection optimization shall also be observed.
6.2.2 Dose control in special circumstances
6.3 Working Conditions
6.4 Sub-zoning of Exposure Working Spaces
The exposure working spaces may be divided into control area and supervision area for the
convenience for radiation protection regulation and occupational exposure control.
6.4.1 Control area
6.4.2 Supervision area
6.5 Allocation and Application of Personal Protective Equipment
6.5.1 Registrant, license holder and employing unit shall provide applicable and adequate personal
protective equipments which meet the requirements of relevant standard for staff members according
to actual requirements, such as protective clothing, protective apron, protective gloves, protective mask
and respiration protector and shall inform them of the performance and operation method of the used
protective equipments.
6.5.2 The staff members shall be guided in terms of how to correctly use the respiration protector
and whether or not it is worn properly shall be examined.
6.6 Occupational Exposure Monitoring and Evaluation
6.6.1 Registrant, license holder and employing unit shall establish proper occupational exposure
monitoring program to carry out corresponding monitoring and assessment according to the specific
circumstance of its practice and source in the principle of radiation protection optimization. The
monitoring and evaluation results shall be reported to the audit and management department periodically;
when exception occurs, it shall be reported at any time.
6.6.2 Individual monitoring and evaluation
6.6.3 Monitoring and evaluation of working space
6.6.4 Quality guarantee of monitoring
The quality guarantee shall run through the whole process from monitoring program establishment
to monitoring results evaluation Monitoring program must cover quality guarantee requirements to
ensure. The measuring equipments are provided with the required measurement characteristics (such
as accuracy, stability, measuring range and resolution capacity) and all these are properly maintained;
the measurement and analytic procedure are correctly established and implemented and the monitoring
results are correctly recorded, evaluated and safe kept.
6.7 Occupational Exposure Management of Registrant, License Holder and Employing Unit
6.8 Occupational Health Surveillance
6.9 Occupational Exposure Record
7 Control of Medical Exposure
7.1 Responsibility
7.1.1 The license holder shall be responsible for the protection and safety of the subject and the
patient. And medical practitioner and health professional, radiation protection officer, qualified expert
and supplier of medical exposure equipments concerned shall also assume corresponding responsibility
respectively.
7.1.4 The medical practitioner and health professional concerned shall report the existing problems
and demands on protection and safety of the subject and the patients to the license holder in time and
corresponding measures shall be taken as much as possible to ensure the protection and safety of the
subject and the patients.
7.2 Soundness Judgment of Medical Exposure
7.3 Protection Optimization of Medical Exposure
In addition to the relevant requirements of protection optimization as specified in other chapters of
this standard, the following requirements shall also be applied to for the protection optimization of
medical exposure. 7.3.1 Equipment requirements
7.3.1.1 The used radiation source for medical exposure shall be in accordance with the relevant
requirements of radiation source safety as specified in other chapters of this standard; and it used
system for medical exposure shall especially be designed into the one that could discover the faults of
any single part in time in order to reduce the non-planned medical exposure on the patients to the
minimum and to avoid or reduce artificial error as much as possible.
7.3.2 Operation requirements
7.3.3 Quality guarantee of medical exposure
7.4 Guidance Level and Dose Constraint of Medical Exposure
7.4.1 Guidance level of medical exposure
7.4.2 Guidance level for medical exposure of radio-diagnosis
See G 1 of Appendix G (Informative) for the common X-ray photography, X ray CT scan,
mammary gland X-ray photography and X raying of typical adult subject.
7.4.3 Guidance level for medical exposure of nuclear medicine diagnosis
See G2 of Appendix G (Informative) for the activity guidance level of common nuclear medicine
diagnosis for typical adult subject.
7.4.4 Other relevant dose constraints
7.5 Prevention and Investigation of Accident Medical Exposure
7.5.1 Any reasonable measure shall be taken, such as escalate the sense of safety culture for all the
persons concerned, to prevent the potential accident medical exposure.
7.5.2 License holder shall investigate the following events in time.
8 Control of Public Exposure
8.1 Responsibility
8.1.1 The registrant and license holder shall control the source which they are responsible for or the
public exposure induced during practice unless this type of exposure is ruled out or the practice or
source causing this type of exposure is exempted according to those specified in this standard. For the
ruled out natural source exposure or the non-exempted natural source, except that the exposure caused
by radon is below the action level of prolonged exposure as established by the audit and management
department, the registrant and license holder shall carry out the relevant requirements of this standard
(see 3.1.3.2) according to those specified by the audit and management department.
8.1.2 In terms of the source, the registrant and license holder shall be responsible that.
8.2 Control of External Exposure Source
If a certain external exposure source is confirmed by the audit and management department to
cause public exposure, the registrant or license holder of such source shall ensure that.
8.3 Control of Radioactive Pollutions in Unopened Place
Registrant and license holder shall ensure that.
8.4 Control of the Visitor
Registrant and license holder shall.
8.5 Radioactive Waste Management
8.6 Control of Radioactive Substances Discharging Into the Environment
8.7 Monitoring of Public Exposure
8.8 Manag
ement of Consumer Goods with Radioactive Substance
9 Control of Potential Exposure -- Safety of Source
9.1 Responsibility
9.1.1 Registrant and licensee shall be responsible for the potential exposure control of the source
(safety of source) of which they are in charge, shall implement the general requirements specified in
Chapter 3 and the major requirements specified in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of this standard, and also
shall implement the detail requirements specified in this chapter according to the actual conditions of
the source of which they are in charge.
9.1.2 The registrant and licensee shall cooperate with the supplier, designer or constructor (maker)
through authentic modes, like contract, to guarantee the source in practice being.
9.2 Safety Assessment
9.3.1 General requirements
9.3.1.1 The design and construction (creation) of source shall guarantee that.
9.3.2 Location or positioning of source
9.3.2.1 When locating the source that has a large amount of radioactive substances and may cause
mass release of these radioactive substances, those various location characteristic that may affect the
radiation safety of this source and the location characteristics that may be affected by this source, as
well as the feasibility of implementing off-site intervention (including implementing emergency plan
and protective action) all shall be taken into account.
9.3.3 Accident prevention and consequence alleviation
9.3.4 Design improvement
9.4 Requirements for Running and Operation
9.4.1 General requirements
9.4.2 Interrogation and examination of source
9.4.4 Accident treatment criteria
9.4.4.1 For reasonably predicted running and operation error or accident of responsible source, the
registrant and licensee shall prepare well in advance, and can take necessary action to respond and
rectify if required.
9.5 Quality Assurance
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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