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[Including 2006XG1] Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specif
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 15629.11-2003 (GB15629.11-2003) | | Description (Translated English) | [Including 2006XG1] Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specif | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | L78 | | Classification of International Standard | 35.110 | | Word Count Estimation | 655,638 | | Date of Issue | 2003-05-12 | | Date of Implementation | 2003-12-01 | | Adopted Standard | ISOIEC 8802-11-1999, MOD | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard relates to Information technology Telecommunications and information between systems Local and metropolitan area networks specific requirements exchange in this standard (hereinafter referred to in this standard) within the scope of the provisions of the local area for fixed, portable and mobile station (point) line connectivity Media Access Control (MAC) and physical Layer (PHY) specifications. | GB 15629.11-2003: [Including 2006XG1] Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specif
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Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 11. Wireless LAN Medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications
ICS 35.110
L78
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
Local and metropolitan area network specific requirements Part 11.
Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer Specification
(ISO /IEC 8802-11..1999, MOD)
2003-05-12 released
2003-12-01 implementation
People's Republic of China
State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine issued
Directory
Preface ⅩⅢ
Introduction ⅩV
1 Summary 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Purpose 1
2 normative reference document 1
3 Terms and definitions 2
4 Abbreviations 6
5 General description 9
5.1 General description of the architecture 9
5.1.1 how the wireless network is different
5.2 Components of this part of the system
5.2.1 Independent BSS as adhoc network 10
5.2.2 Distributed System Concepts 10
5.2.3 Regional Concepts 11
Integration with wired LAN
5.3 Logical service interface 13
5.3.1 STA Service (SS) 13
5.3.2 Distributed System Services (DSS) 14
5.3.3 Multi-logical address space
5.4 Service Overview 15
5.4.1 Message Distribution within DS 15
5.4.2 Services to support distributed services 16
5.4.3 Access and Confidentiality Control Service 17
5.5 Relationship between services 18
5.5.1 Type 1 frames (both states 1, 2, 3 and 4 are allowed)
5.5.2 Type 2 frames (if and only if the link authentication states 2, 3, 4 are allowed)
5.5.3 Class 3 frames (if and only if the associated states 3, 4 are allowed)
5.5.4 Type 4 frames (if and only if the authenticated state 4 is allowed)
Differences between ESS and IBSSLAN
5.7 Message content for support services
5.7.1 Data 20
5.7.2 Associations 21
5.7.3 Reassociation 21
5.7.4 Disassociation 22
5.7.5 Confidentiality 22
5.7.6 Link Authentication 22
5.7.7 Unlocking Link Authentication
5.8 Reference model 23
6 MAC Service Definition 23
6.1 Overview of MAC services
6.1.1 Asynchronous Data Service
6.1.2 Security services 23
6.1.3 MSDU Sorting 23
6.2 Detailed Service Specification 24
6.2.1 MAC Data Service
7 frame format
7.1 MAC frame format
7.1.1 Conventions 26
7.1.2 General frame format 27
7.1.3 frame field 27
7.2 Independent Type Frame Format 31
7.2.1 Control frame 31
7.2.2 Data frame 33
7.2.3 Managing frames 34
7.3 Management frame frame component 37
7.3.1 Fixed field 37
7.3.2 Information Element 41
Identification and Confidentiality
8.1 Identification Service 44
8.1.1 System and port 44
8.1.2 Controlled and uncontrolled access 44
8.2 Authentication Service Unit (ASU)
8.2.1 Public key certificate 47
8.2.2 Public key certificate management 48
8.2.3 Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
8.3 WAI Identification Infrastructure
8.3.1 secure access 49
8.3.2 WAI data format
8.4 WPI Confidentiality Infrastructure 54
8.5 Safety-related Management Information Base 54
8.5.1 MIB attributes associated with authentication
8.5.2 MIB attributes related to confidentiality
8.6 ad hoc network (adhoc) mode
9 MAC sublayer function
9.1 MAC Architecture 56
9.1.1 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) 56
9.1.2 Point coordination function (PCF) 56
9.1.3 Coexistence of DCF and PCF 56
9.1.4 Segmentation/Reorganization Summary 56
9.1.5 MAC Data Service
9.2 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) 57
9.2.1 Carrier Sense Mechanism
9.2.2 MAC level confirmation 58
9.2.3 Interframe Interval (IFS)
9.2.4 Random Backoff Time 60
9.2.5 DCF Access Procedure 61
9.2.6 Transmission rules for directional MPDUs
9.2.7 Transmission rules for broadcast and multicast MPDUs
9.2.8 ACK procedure 66
9.2.9 Detection and recovery of repetitive frames
9.2.10 Timing of DCF 67
9.3 PCF 68
9.3.1 CFP Structure and Timing 69
9.3.2 PCF access procedure
9.3.3 PCF Transmission Procedure 71
9.3.4 Non-competitive polling list
9.4 Sub-paragraph 74
9.5 Reorganization 75
9.6 Multi-rate support 75
9.7 frame exchange sequence
9.8 MSDU transmission limit
10 layer management 77
10.1 Overview of Management Models
10.2 General management primitives
10.3 MLMESAP interface 79
10.3.1 Power Management 79
10.3.2 Scanning 80
10.3.3 Synchronization 82
10.3.4 Link Authentication 83
10.3.5 Unlocking Link Authentication
10.3.6 Associations 86
10.3.7 Reassociation 88
10.3.8 Disassociation 89
10.3.9 Reset 90
10.3.10 Startup 91
10.4 PLMESAP interface 93
10.4.1 PLME-RESET. request 93
10.4.2 PLME-CHARACTERISTICS. request 93
10.4.3 PLME-CHARACTERISTICS. confirm 94
10.4.4 PLME-DSSSTESTMODE. request 96
10.4.5 PLME-DSSSTESTOUTPUT. request 96
11 MAC Sublayer Management Entity
11.1 Synchronization 97
11.1.1 Basic method 97
11.1.2 Maintaining synchronization 97
11.1.3 Get Synchronization, Scan 99
11.1.4 Adjust STA timer 101
11.1.5 Frequency hopping (FH) Physical layer timing synchronization 101
Power Management 101
11.2.1 Power management in the infrastructure network
11.2.2 Power Management in IBSS 105
11.3 Relevance and Reassignment 107
11.3.1 STA Association Procedure 107
11.3.2 AP Association Rules 107
11.3.3 STA reassociation procedure 108
11.3.4 AP reassociation procedure 108
11.4 Management Information Base (MIB) Definition 108
12 Physical Layer (PHY) Service Specification 108
12.1 Scope 108
12.2 PHY function 108
12.3 PHY Service Detail Specification 108
12.3.1 Application areas and areas 108
12.3.2 Service overview 109
12.3.3 Overview of Interactions 109
12.3.4 Basic services and options 109
12.3.5 PHY-SAP Detailed Service Specification 110
13 PHY management 113
14 2.4 GHz frequency, frequency and frequency spectrum (FHSS) for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency bands Physical layer specification 114
14.1 Summary 114
Summary of FHSSPHY
14.1.2 FHSSPHY function 114
14.1.3 Service specification methods and notices 114
14.2 FHSSPHY specific service parameter list 114
14.2.1 Summary 114
14.2.2 TXVECTOR parameter 114
14.2.3 RXVECTOR parameter 115
14.3 FHSSPLCP Sublayer 115
14.3.1 Summary 115
14.3.2 PLCP frame format 116
14.3.3 PLCP state machine 118
14.4 PLMESAP layer management
14.4.1 Summary
14.4.2 FHPHY Dedicated MAC Sublayer Management Entity (MLME) Procedure 127
14.4.3 Management entity state machine for the FHPHY layer
14.5 FHSSPMD Sublayer Service 129
14.5.1 Scope of application and areas
14.5.2 Service overview 130
14.5.3 Overview of Interactions 130
14.5.4 Basic services and options 130
14.5.5 PMD_SAP Detailed Service Specification
14.6 FHSSPMD sublayer, 1.0 Mbit/s 134
14.6.1 1Mbit/sPMD Code of Practice 134
14.6.2 Regulatory requirements 134
14.6.3 Operating frequency range 135
14.6.4 Number of working channels 135
14.6.5 Working channel center frequency 136
14.6.6 Occupied channel bandwidth 138
14.6.7 minimum frequency hopping rate 138
14.6.8 Frequency hopping sequence 138
14.6.9 useless launch 140
14.6.10 Modulation 140
14.6.11 Channel data rate 141
14.6.12 Channel switching/dwell time 141
14.6.13 The received switching time is received
14.6.14 PMD emission specification
14.6.15 PMD Receiver Specification 142
14.6.16 Operating temperature range 143
14.7 FHSSPMD sublayer, 2Mbit/s 143
14.7.1 Summary 143
14.7.2 4-phase GFSK modulation 143
14.7.3 Channel data rate 144
14.8 FHSSPHY Management Information Base (MIB) 145
14.8.1 Summary 145
14.8.2 FHPHY attribute 145
14.9 FHPHY parameter 151
15 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for the 2.4 GHz band specified for ISM applications PHY Specification 152
15.1 Summary 152
15.1.1 Scope 152
15.1.2 DSSSPHY function 152
15.1.3 Service specification methods and notices 153
15.2 DSSSPLCP sublayer 153
15.2.1 Summary 153
15.2.2 PLCP frame format
15.2.3 PLCP Field Definition 153
15.2.4 PLCP/DSSSPHY data scrambler and descrambler 155
15.2.5 PLCP Data Modulation and Modulation Rate Changes 156
15.2.6 PLCP sending procedures
15.2.7 PLCP RECEIVING PROCEDURE 157
15.3 DSSS Physical Layer Management Entity (PLME) 159
15.3.1 PLME_SAP Sublayer Management Primitives
15.3.2 DSSSPHYMIB 159
15.3.3 DSPHY Features 161
15.4 DSSSPMD Sublayer
15.4.1 Scope of application and areas
15.4.2 Service overview 162
15.4.3 Overview of Interactions 162
15.4.4 Basic Services and Options 162
15.4.5 PMD_SAP Detailed Service Specification
15.4.6 PMD GENERAL OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS 169
15.4.7 PMD emission specification 171
15.4.8 PMD Receiver Specification 174
16 Infrared (IR) PHY specification
16.1 Summary 175
16.1.1 Scope 175
16.1.2 IRPHY function 175
16.1.3 Service specification method and notation 176
16.2 IRPLCP sublayer 176
16.2.1 Summary 176
16.2.2 PLCP frame format 176
16.2.3 PLCP Modulation and Rate Changes 176
16.2.4 PLCP field definition
16.2.5 PLCP procedures 178
16.3 IRPMD Sublayer 179
16.3.1 Summary 179
16.3.2 PMD GENERAL OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS 179
16.3.3 PMD Transmitter Specification 180
16.3.4 PMD Receiver Specification 183
16.3.5 Energy Detection, Carrier Sense and CCA Definition
16.4 PHY attribute 185
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) Form Table 187
A. 1 Introduction 187
A. 2 abbreviations and special symbols
A. 2.1 Status symbol 187
A. 2.2 Abbreviations 187
A. 3 Fill in the PICS form
A. General Structure of PICS Form
A. 3.2 Additional information 188
A. 3.3 Exception information 188
A. Conditions Item 188
A. 4 PICS form table 189
A. 4.1 Implementation recognition
A. 4.2 Summary of Agreements
A. 4.3 IUT Configuration 189
A. 4.4 MAC Protocol 189
A. 4.5 FHPHY function 193
A. 4.6 Direct Sequence PHY Function 196
A. 4.7 Infrared baseband PHY function.199
Appendix B (informative) Frequency hopping sequence 202
Appendix C (Normative Appendix) Form Description of MAC Operations 214
C. 1 MAC official description
C. 1.1 Basic assumptions 217
C. 1.2 Notation 217
C. 1.3 Modeling techniques 217
C. 2 Data type and operator definition of MAC state machine
C. 3 for the MAC station state machine 264
C. 4 MAC access point state machine 335
Appendix D (Normative Appendix) ASN of the MAC and PHY Management Information Base. 1 Code 398
Reference 441
Figure 1 Basic Service Set 10
Figure 2 Distributed system and access point 11
Figure 3 Extended service set 11
Figure 4 A typical signal strength Figure 12
Figure 5 shows the coverage area 12
Figure 6 Connection to other GB 15629LAN 13
Figure 7 This part of the complete architecture 14
Figure 8 Relationship between state variables and services
Figure 9 conforms to the complete architecture of this section
Figure 10 IBSS logical architecture
Figure 11 Basic reference model composition for this section
Figure 12 MAC frame format 27
Figure 13 Frame control field 27
Figure 14 Sequence control field 31
Figure 15 controls the subfield value 32 of the frame control field in the frame
Figure 16 RTS frame 32
Figure 17 CTS frame 32
Figure 18 ACK frame 32
Figure 19 PS-Pol frame 33
Figure 20 CF-End frame 33
Figure 21 CF-End + CF-ACK frame 33
Figure 22 data frame 33
Figure 23 Managing Frame Format 34
Figure 24 link verification algorithm serial number fixed field 38
Figure 25 Link Authentication Switch Number Fixed Field 38
Figure 26 Beacon spacing fixed field 38
Figure 27 Capability information fixed field
Figure 28 Current AP Address Fixed Field 39
Figure 29 Listen Interval Fixed Fields 39
Figure 30 Reason code fixed field
Figure 31 AID fixed field 40
Figure 32 Status code fixed field 40
Figure 33 Timing fixed field 41
Figure 34 Element Format 41
Figure 35 SSID Element Format
Figure 36 supports the rate element format 42
Figure 37 FH parameter collection element format 42
Figure 38 DS parameter collection element format 42
Figure 39 CF parameter collection element format 43
Figure 40 TIM element format 43
Figure 41 IBSS parameter collection element format 44
Figure 42 Schematic diagram of the discriminator system
Figure 43 Authentication status of the controlled port 45
Figure 44 Usage of controlled and uncontrolled ports
Figure 45 Identify system structure
Figure 46 Schematic diagram of WAI logical topology based on ASU
Figure 47 Format of the public key certificate 47
Figure 48 STA access authentication flow chart
Figure 49 Basic format of data packet for WAI authentication system
Figure 50 accesses the data field 51 of the authentication request packet
Figure 51 STA certificate content definition 51
Figure 52 Signature algorithm definition 52
Figure 53 Definition of certificate validity period
Figure 54 accesses the data content of the authentication response packet 52
Figure 55 STA certificate authentication result information definition 52
Figure 56 AP certificate identification result information definition 53
Figure 57 Data content of the key negotiation request packet
Figure 58 Key information in response to packet data
Figure 59 WAI authentication system data packet basic format 54
Figure 60 Data content of the certificate authentication request message 54
Figure 61 Data content of the certificate authentication response message 54
Figure 62 MAC architecture 56
Figure 63 Subparagraph 57
Figure 64 Relationship between IFS 59
Figure 65 Example of CW's exponential growth
Figure 66 Basic Access Mechanism
Figure 67 Evacuation Procedure 62
Figure 68 RTS/CTS/Data/ACK and NAV settings
Figure 69 Transmission of multi-segment MSDUs using SIFS
Figure 70 segmented MSDU and RTS/CTS 64
Fig. 71 has an RTS/CTS 65 which has a transmission priority and has not been confirmed
Figure 72 MPDU 66 for direct data/ACK
Figure 73 DCF timing relationship
Figure 74 CFP/CP alternation 69
Figure 75 beacon frame and CFP 69
Figure 76 Delayed beacon and shortened CFP example 70
Figure 77 PCF frame transfer example 71
Figure 78 GET and SET operations
Figure 79 Beacon transmission on busy network 98
Figure 80 Transmission of beacon frames in IBSS 98
Figure 81 explores response 100
Figure 82 Infrastructure network power management operations (no PCF operation) 103
Figure 83 Power Management in IBSS - Basic Methodology 106
Figure 84 Status Chart Comment Example 116
Figure 85 PLCP frame format 116
Figure 86 Frame Synchronous Scrambler/Descrambler 118
Figure 87 PLCP data whitener format
Figure 88 PLCP top state diagram 118
Figure 89 sends the state machine 119
Figure 90 Data whitener coding procedures
Figure 91 sends status timer 123
Figure 92 CS/CCA state machine 124
Figure 93 CS/CCA Status Timing 125
Figure 94 receives the state machine 126
Figure 95 Data whitening decoding protocol
Figure 96 Receive timing 128
Figure 97 PLME state machine 129
Figure 98 PMD layer reference model 130
Figure 99 Transmitting the modulation mask 141
Figure 100 4 Phase GFSK Transmit Modulation 144
Figure 101 PLCP frame format
Figure 102 Implementation of CCITTCRC-16
Figure 103 CRC calculation example 155
Figure 104 Data scrambler 155
Figure 105 Data descrambler 156
Figure 106 PLCP send procedure 156
FIG. 107 PLCP transmission state machine 157
Figure 108 PLCP reception procedure 158
Figure 109 PLCP receive state machine 159
Figure 110 PMD layer reference model
Figure 111 Transmit Spectrum Mask 171
Figure 112 Transmitting the applied slope 172
Figure 113 Transmitting the power down slope 172
Figure 114 Example of modulation accuracy measurement
Figure 115 Chip clock with baseband eye pattern 173
Figure 116 PLCPDU frame format 176
Figure 117 Basic pulse shape 181
Figure 118 Transmitter Radiation Model Mask 1 182
Figure 119 Mask 2 Device Orientation Figure 182
Figure 120 Transmitter Radiation Model Mask 2 183
Figure 121 Transmit Spectrum Mask 183
Table 1 Valid combinations of types and subtypes
Table 2 Data type frame to go to DS field with combination from DS field 28
Table 3 Duration/ID field encoding 29
Table 4 Address field contents 34
Table 5 beacon frame body 35
Table 6 Disassociates the associated frame body 36
Table 7 Associations request frame 36
Table 8 Associated response frame body 36
Table 9 reassociates request frame 36
Table 10 reassociates the response frame body 36
Table 11 inquires about request frame 37
Table 12 inquires the response frame 37
Table 13 Link Authentication Frame 37
Table 14 Unlock Link Frame 37
Table 15 STA usage of CF-Polable subfields and CF-Pol request subfields
Table 16 AP usage of CF-Polable subfields and CF-Pol request subfields
Table 17 Reason code 39
Table 18 Status code 40
Table 19 Element ID 41
Table 20 Frame Sequence 76
Table 21 CF frame sequence 76
Table 22 Power Management Mode
Table 23 PHY-SAP Peer-to-Peer Service Primitives 109
Table 24 PHY-SAP Sublayer to Sublayer Service Primitives 109
Table 25 PHY-SAP Service Primitive Parameters 109
Table 26 Vector Description 110
Table 27 TXVECTOR parameter 115
Table 28 RXVECTOR parameters 115
Table 29 PSF bit description 117
Table 30 PLCP Field Bit Description 121
Table 31 PMD_SAP Peer Service Primitives
Table 32 PMD_SAP Sublayer to Sublayer Service Primitives
Table 33 List of PMD primitive parameters
Table 34 Transmit Power Level 133
Table 35 Operating frequency range 135
Table 36 Number of working channels 135
Table 37 China, North America and European standards (except Spain and France) 136
Table 38 Japanese Standard
Table 39 Spanish Standard
Table 40 French Standard
The symbol is encoded as a carrier offset (1Mbit/s, 2-GFSK)
Table 45 1Mbit/sDp 143
Table 46 The symbol is encoded as carrier offset 143
Table 47 2Mbit/sDp 145
Table 48 FHSSPHY attribute 145
Table 49 admin field code 148
Table 50 Supported Data Rate Codes (SupportedDataRatesTX) 148
Table 51 Supported Data Rate Codes (SupportedDataRatesRX) 148
Table 52 Transmitting antenna number 149
Table 53 Receiving antenna number 149
Table 54 Diversity Support Code 149
Table 55 Diversity Select Antenna Code 150
Table 56 Transmit power level 150
Table 56a FHPHY parameter 151
Table 57 MIB Properties Default/Range 159
Table 58 DSPHY Features 161
Table 59 PMD_SAP Peer-to-Peer Service Primitives 163
Table 60 DSSSPMD_SAP Peer-to-Peer Service Plot 163
Table 61 PMD_SAP sublayer pair sublayer service primitives 163
Table 62 List of PMD primitive parameters
Table 63 DSSSPHY Frequency Channel Scheme
Table 64 1Mbit/sDBPSK Code Table 170
Table 6 2Mbit/sDQPSK coding table 170
Table 66 Transmit Power Level 171
Table 67 IRPMD_SAP Peer-to-Peer Service Primitives 179
Table 68 16-PPM Basic Rate Mapping 179
Table 69 4-PPM Enhanced Rate Mapping 180
Table 70 Peak Optical Power 181 as a function of the transmitter radiation mask
Table 71 Definition of Transmitter Radiation Model Mask 1
Table 72 Definition of Transmitter Radiation Model Mask 2
Table 73 Definition of receiver visual area
Table 74 IRPHYMIB attributes 185
Table 75 IRPHY Features
Table B. 1 Frequency hopping sequence group 1 202
Table B. 2 Frequency hopping sequence group 2 206
Table B. 3 Frequency hopping sequence group 3 210
Foreword
Section 8, 14.6.2, 14.6.3, 15.4.6.1, 15.4.6.5, 15.4.7 of this Part. One, first
15.4.7.5, Article 16.3.3 is mandatory and the rest is recommended.
This section is part 11 of the "Requirements for Telecommunication and Information Interchange LAN and Metropolitan Area Network Specific Requirements for Information Technology Systems".
ISO /IEC 8802-11..1999 "Information technology systems for remote communications and information exchange LAN and metro specific requirements
Part 11. Wireless LAN Media Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layer Specification (English version).
This part is the basic specification of wireless LAN media access control and physical layer and its expansion. The following specifications and related extension specifications for
Its children.
"Wireless LAN media access control and physical layer specification. 5GHz frequency band high-speed physical layer extension specification"
"Wireless LAN media access control and physical layer specification. 2.4GHz band higher speed physical layer extension specification"
"Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer Specification. Work Extension Specification in Additional Management Area"
"Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer Specification. MAC Layer Enhancement Specification for Quality of Service"
"Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer Specification. Access Point Work Specification"
"Wireless LAN media access control and physical layer specification. 2.4GHz band higher speed (rate greater than 20Mbit/s) expansion"
"Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer Specification. 5GHz Band Spectrum Management"
"Wireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer Specification. Secure MAC Layer Enhancement Specification"
This part of the revision using ISO /IEC 8802-11..1999, compared with ISO /IEC 8802-11..1999, the main differences are as follows.
--- in accordance with Chinese habits to modify some of the layout format;
--- standard structure and the preparation of rules by GB/T 1.1-2000;
The main difference between this part and ISO /IEC 8802-11..1999 is the wireless LAN security component involved in the standard. original
Chapter 8 "Identification and Confidentiality" uses the WEP mechanism to implement authentication and encryption in wireless LANs, and the current WEP mechanism
Has been widely confirmed does not have the equivalent of cable security, it is not adopted;
This part uses the WAPI mechanism to realize the security of the wireless local area network, and in accordance with the October 7,.1999 promulgated the Chinese people
The Republic of China State Council Decree No. 273 "Commercial Password Management Regulations", has been sent to the State Password Management Committee approved and
Approval.
The main expression of the WAPI mechanism is de...
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