GB/T 7383-2020 PDF English
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Non-ionic surface active agents -- Determination of hydroxyl value
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Non-ionic surface active agents--Polyalkoxylated derivatives--Determination of hydroxyl value--Phthalic anhydride method
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Non-ionic surface active agents--Polyalkoxylated derivatives--Determination of hydroxyl value--Phthalic anhydride method
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GB/T 7383-2020: PDF in English (GBT 7383-2020) GB/T 7383-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 71.100.40
G 72
Replacing GB/T 7383-2007
Non-ionic Surface Active Agents - Determination of
Hydroxyl Value
(ISO 4326:1980, Non-ionic Surface Active Agents - Polyethoxylated Derivatives -
Determination of Hydroxyl Value - Acetic Anhydride Method, MOD)
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 14, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Method A - Phthalic Anhydride Method (arbitration method) ... 7
5 Method B - Acetic Anhydride Method (arbitration method) ... 12
6 Method C - Near-infrared spectroscopy ... 15
7 Arbitration Method ... 19
8 Test Report ... 19
Appendix A (informative) Structural Changes between this Standard and ISO
4326:1980 ... 20
Appendix B (normative) Determination of Purity of Phthalic Anhydride ... 22
Appendix C (normative) Determination of Hydroxyl Value outside Fume Hood ... 23
Appendix D (informative) Sampling Range of Specimens with Different Water
Contents and Hydroxyl Values ... 27
Appendix E (informative) Example of Establishment of Calibration Model ... 29
Non-ionic Surface Active Agents - Determination of
Hydroxyl Value
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the determination of hydroxyl value in non-ionic surface active agents.
This Standard is applicable to the determination of hydroxyl value (the hydroxyl value of
adducts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of primary fatty alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty
acids, and their mixtures) of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic poly alkoxy compounds, which is
suitable for the determination of hydroxyl value in 10 ~ 1,000.
The phthalic anhydride method is suitable for the determination of the hydroxyl value of
adducts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of primary and secondary fatty alcohols,
alkylphenols and fatty acids, and their mixtures.
The acetic anhydride method is suitable for the determination of the hydroxyl value of adducts
of ethylene oxide of primary and secondary fatty alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty acids, but not
for the determination of the hydroxyl value of propoxylated products.
The near-infrared method is suitable for non-ionic surface active agents whose hydroxyl value
can be determined by the phthalic anhydride method or the acetic anhydride method.
Interfering substances are as follows:
---Primary and secondary amines, amides, tertiary alcohols, thiols and epoxides generate
side reactions that affect the accuracy of the method.
---Long-chain aliphatic acids and esters generate more stable anhydrides than phthalic
anhydride acetic anhydride, which cannot be completely decomposed at the end of the
determination.
---Other free acids cause interference due to the reaction with the sodium hydroxide
standard solution, and alkalis, including certain tertiary amines, cause interference due
to the reaction with the generated phthalic acid and acetic acid.
The presence of epoxides interferes with the determination. If they can be removed by the low-
temperature vacuum distillation method without changing the hydroxyl value, this method is
still applicable. The above-mentioned treatment can eliminate free ethylene oxide that causes
interferences and with a concentration (mass fraction) higher than 0.5%.
The moisture present in the specimen will react with phthalic anhydride and acetic anhydride,
but this method is still applicable if the measures described in the determination procedures are
followed for prevention.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of
references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this
document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 601 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Volumetric Solutions
GB/T 2384 Dyes Intermediates - General Method for the Determination of Melting Range
GB/T 3143 Color Determination Method of Liquid Chemicals - Hazen Unit - Platinum - Cobalt
Scale
GB/T 6365 Surface Active Agents - Determination of Free Alkalinity or Free Acidity -
Titrimetric Method (GB/T 6365-2006, ISO 4314:1977, IDT)
GB/T 6372 Surface Active Agents and Detergents - Methods of Sample Division (GB/T 6372-
2006, ISO 607:1977, IDT)
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
GB/T 11275 Surface Active Agents - Determination of Water Content (GB/T 11275-2007, ISO
4317:1991, MOD)
GB/T 29858 Standard Guidelines for Molecular Spectroscopy Multivariate Calibration
Quantitative Analysis
ISO 4327 Non-ionic Surface Active Agents - Polyalkoxylated Derivatives - Determination of
Hydroxyl Value - Phthalic Anhydride Method
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 hydroxyl value (OH)
Hydroxyl value refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to
neutralize the acid generated by the esterification of hydroxyl groups in 1 g of specimen with
phthalic anhydride or acetic anhydride.
3.2 modeling samples
Modeling samples refer to a series of representative samples selected for the establishment of
the calibration model.
3.3 validation samples
Validation samples refer to a series of representative samples selected for the validation of the
calibration model.
3.4 calibration
Calibration refers to the process of establishing a model by correlating the concentration or
properties of a group of samples with their spectra.
3.5 calibration model
Calibration model refers to a mathematical expression that expresses the correlation between
the composition and concentration or properties of a group of samples and their spectra.
3.6 estimate
Estimate refers to the process of calculating the concentration or properties of sample
composition using the calibration model and the sample’s spectrum.
3.7 abnormal value
Abnormal value refers to the data points corresponding to samples for which the model estimate
value is significantly different from the reference value.
3.8 mahalanobis distance
Mahalanobis distance represents the covariance distance of the data, which is an effective
method of calculating the similarity of two unknown sample spectra.
4 Method A - Phthalic Anhydride Method (arbitration
method)
4.1 General Rules
The phthalic anhydride method shall comply with the method provided in ISO 4327.
4.2 Principle
In pyridine solution, use phthalic anhydride to esterify the hydroxyl value.
c (NaOH) = 0.5 mol/L, prepare in accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 601.
4.3.4 Phenolphthalein indicator
1 g of phenolphthalein is dissolved in 100 mL of pyridine.
4.4 Instruments and Equipment
4.4.1 Alkaline burette
The capacity is 50 mL.
4.4.2 Flat-bottomed flask
The capacity is 250 mL, with conical ground glass joints.
4.4.3 Air condenser
An air condenser with an effective length greater than 600 mm, with conical ground glass joints.
4.4.4 One-mark pipette
The capacity is 25 mL.
4.5 Determination
4.5.1 General rules
In accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 6372, prepare and store samples. In addition, in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 11275, determine the water content in the sample. All
operations shall be carried out in a well-ventilated fume hood. The glassware used shall be clean
and dry, and the determination of two samples and two blank tests shall be simultaneously
carried out. See Appendix C for the instruments and methods that need to determine the
hydroxyl value outside the fume hood.
4.5.2 Weighing
In accordance with the following calculated amount, weigh the specimen into a pre-weighed
dry flask (accurate to 0.001 g).
When the water content (mass fraction) is lower than 1%, the mass m0 of the specimen is
calculated in accordance with Formula (1):
Where,
m0---the mass of the specimen, expressed in (g);
blank tests and the specimens shall be between 10 mL ~ 15 mL.
If the difference between the two volumes is greater than 15 mL, it means that the specimen
mass is too large (the hydroxyl value is greater than the estimated value), and the specimen size
shall be reduced; if the difference between the two volumes is less than 10 mL, it means that
the specimen mass is too small (the hydroxyl value is smaller than the estimated value), and the
specimen size shall be increased.
4.5.6 Result expression
4.5.6.1 Calculation
The hydroxyl value I (OH) of the specimen shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (4):
Where,
V0---the volume of the sodium hydroxide standard titration solution consumed by the blank
specimen, expressed in (mL);
V1---the volume of the sodium hydroxide standard titration solution consumed by the specimen,
expressed in (mL);
c---the concentration of the sodium hydroxide standard titration solution, expressed in (mol/L);
m0---the mass of the specimen, expressed in (g);
56.10---the relative molecular mass of potassium hydroxide;
X---the positive acid value or negative base value of the specimen, which is determined in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 6365. If this value is less than or equal to 0.3, it shall
be ignored. Take the arithmetic mean of the two determination results as the determination
result.
4.5.6.2 Precision
4.5.6.2.1 Repeatability
The relative deviation of this method shall be less than 1.5%. The determination results shall
comply with the stipulations of GB/T 8170.
4.5.6.2.2 Reproducibility
The values in Table 1 were obtained in 21 laboratories, and at least two results were provided
by an analyst in each laboratory.
glass bottle with a ground stopper. Use the platinum-cobalt color number, in accordance with
the stipulations of GB/T 3143, conduct the determination. If the solution chromaticity exceeds
100 Hazen units, then, it cannot be used.
5.2.4 Sodium hydroxide standard titration solution
c (NaOH) = 0.5 mol/L, prepare in accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 601.
5.2.5 Phenolphthalein indicator
1 g of phenolphthalein is dissolved in 100 mL of pyridine.
5.3 Instruments and Equipment
5.3.1 Alkaline burette
The capacity is 50 mL.
5.3.2 Flat-bottomed flask
The capacity is 250 mL, with conical ground glass joints.
5.3.3 Air condenser
The effective length is 400 mm; the inner tube consists of connected spheres; with conical
ground glass joints.
5.3.4 One-mark pipette
The capacity is 15 mL.
5.4 Determination
5.4.1 General rules
In accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 6372, prepare and store samples. In addition, in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 11275, determine the water content in the sample. All
operations shall be carried out in a well-ventilated fume hood. The glassware used shall be clean
and dry, and the determination of two samples and two blank tests shall be simultaneously
carried out. See Appendix C for the instruments and methods that need to determine the
hydroxyl value outside the fume hood.
5.4.2 Weighing
In accordance with Table 2, weigh the specimen (accurate to 0.001 g), and place it in a dry and
weighed flask.
frequency absorption with bending vibration just fall into the near-infrared spectral region, the
most frequently observed spectral band in the near-infrared region is the hydrogen-containing
group (X-H), and the concentration of the hydrogen-containing group (X-H) and its absorbance
are in a linear relation. Taking the hydroxyl value as an example, use the stoichiometric method
to correlate the hydroxyl value of the known surface active agent sample with its absorbance,
determine the quantitative relations (calibration model) between the two, then, determine the
absorbance of the unknown sample spectrum, and the hydroxyl value of the unknown sample
can be predicted through the calibration model.
This detection method is based on the detection data of Method A or Method B, and its accuracy
depends on the accuracy of Method A or Method B. After excluding the influence of sample
type, chemical composition and physical properties, etc., the detection results are only valid for
the chemical composition and hydroxyl value range of the samples participating in the
calibration.
6.2 Instruments and Equipment
6.2.1 Near-infrared spectrometer
It shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 29858 for the instrument, be equipped with
transmission acquisition accessories. The accompanying software shall have the functions of
near-infrared spectrum acquisition, pre-processing, calculation and modeling.
6.2.2 Constant-temperature heater
6.2.3 Near-infrared sample tube
Special-purpose quartz glass tube.
6.3 Operating Steps
6.3.1 Instrument preparation
Before the determination, in accordance with the requirements of the instruction of the near-
infrared analyzer, pre-heat the instrument and conduct a self-test.
6.3.2 Selection of modeling samples
The modeling samples need to be representative and include the chemical composition existing
in the sample to be tested. The hydroxyl value content among the modeling samples needs to
be evenly distributed, covering the characteristics of the sample to be analyzed, and there needs
to be a large quantity, so as to be able to statistically determine the mathematical relations
between the spectral variables and the hydroxyl value. After removing the abnormal value, each
modeling sample set needs to include at least 30 samples.
6.3.3 Determination of chemical method data
In accordance with the operation method specified in Method A or Method B, determine the
hydroxyl value of the samples in the modeling sample set and obtain the standard hydroxyl
value data for the establishment of the model.
6.3.4 Sample spectrogram acquisition
6.3.4.1 Spectral condition setting
In accordance with the nature of the product, select appropriate spectral conditions, such as:
spectral scanning range, spectral resolution, constant temperature, number of scans and
constant-temperature time, etc., check the instrument signal and set the information of the
sample being determined.
6.3.4.2 Determination of spectral measurement mode
Non-ionic surface active agents are uniform and transparent liquids with good fluidity at a
certain temperature. Select the spectral measurement mode of transmission, and the spectral
acquisition temperature during the modeling needs to be consistent with the subsequent
detection temperature.
6.3.4.3 Sample collection
Put the samples of the modeling sample set whose hydroxyl value is already known into a clean
and dry sample tube and accurately number them. Maintain the temperature in the constant-
temperature heater for not less than 2 min. In accordance with the selected spectral conditions,
collect the blank and collect the sample spectrum. For each sample, collect three to four spectra,
accurately record the sample information and save it.
6.3.5 Establishment of calibration model
Utilize the principle of chemometrics to establish the calibration model. Adopt the data
preprocessing mode provided in the modeling software to preprocess the spectrum, optimize
the wavelength or frequency with a high correlation with the change of the hydroxyl value of
the component. Through the cross-validation of the calibration spectrum, obtain R2 and
RMSECV of the model, so as to evaluate the detection accuracy of the model, and finally form
the calibration model (see Appendix E).
6.3.6 Validation of calibration model
6.3.6.1 Selection of validation samples
The validation of the model is the process of judging the accuracy and repeatability of the
estimated near-infrared hydroxyl value of the validation samples in the validation sample set
and the standard hydroxyl value of the chemical method. In accordance with the same
conditions as the selection of the calibration sample set, select the validation sample set, and
the following conditions need to be followed:
---The validation sample set needs to have a sufficient number to reflect the feasibility of
the model, and its hydroxyl value range must cover at least 95% of the hydroxyl value
range of the calibration sample set, and the distribution shall be uniform;
---The chemical composition of the validation sample set must be within the calibration
sample set.
6.3.6.2 Validation and optimization of model
Through the validation of the validation samples, the precision requirements of the model and
the arbitration method in 4.5.6.2 and 5.4.7 can be evaluated. If necessary, multiple optimized
models under different conditions can be compared, and the model with the highest accuracy,
optimum repeatability and most robustness is selected to finally form a calibration model that
can be used for detection.
6.3.7 Model update and maintenance
During application, in order to ensure the accuracy of the calibration model and enhance the
applicability of the model, it is necessary to continuously test the accuracy and repeatability of
the model, and add calibration samples to the existing model to increase the scope of use of the
model.
6.4 Determination of Hydroxyl Value
In accordance with the determined spectral conditions, pour the sample to be tested into the
sample tube and put it into a constant-temperature heater to heat to the set temperature. Utilize
the software to scan the blank first (before each analysis, a blank test is required to deduct the
blank value), then, measure the sample. The instrument will automatically provide the detection
result of the hydroxyl value of the non-ionic surface active agent to be tested. Other free acids
have interference due to the reaction with sodium hydroxide standard solution. Alkalis,
including certain tertiary amines, cause interference due to the reaction with the generated
phthalic acid and acetic acid. Under this circumstance, the acidity or alkalinity needs to be
corrected (in accordance with the rules provided in GB/T 6365).
6.5 Result Processing and Expression
The processing and expression of results shall comply with the following three requirements:
---In order to obtain valid results, the determination results shall be within the hydroxyl
value content range covered by the calibration model used by the instrument, and the
Mahalanobis distance of the results shall be within the limit of the calibration model
used by the instrument;
---Carry out a parallel test on the same sample (reloading is required), and report the result
as the arithmetic mean, accurate to 0.1;
---For the abnormal data of the instrument alarm, or the abnormal data with obvious
difference from the arbitration method, it is not regarded as a valid determination result.
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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