GB/T 5171.21-2016 PDF English
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Small power motors - Part 21: General test methods
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GB/T 5171.21-2016: Small power motors - Part 21: General test methods---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT5171.21-2016
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.30
K 20
Small power motors - Part 21.General test methods
Issued on. AUGUST 29, 2016
Implemented on. MARCH 01, 2017
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions, symbols... 6
4 Basic requirements for test... 11
5 Test preparation... 20
6 Temperature rise test... 21
7 Determination of efficiency... 28
8 Locked-rotor test... 41
9 Other test items... 42
Annex A (normative) Correction methods for instrument loss... 60
Annex B (normative) Determination of correction value Tc of dynamometer
torque reading... 62
Annex C (normative) Specification for selection, preparation, arrangement,
installation and connection of thermocouples... 63
Annex D (informative) Test report template for loss analysis method (method B)
... 66
Bibliography... 68
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 5171 specifies terms and definitions, symbols involved in
general test methods for small power motors, basic requirements for the test,
test preparation, temperature rise test, efficiency determination, as well as
locked-rotor test and other test methods.
This Part is applicable to the products defined in GB/T 5171.1.
The special test items and methods of various types of small power motors that
are not specified in this Part need to be supplemented in the test method
standards for this type of small power motors.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB 755, Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 1958, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Geometrical
tolerance - Verification
GB/T 2423 (all parts), Environmental testing - Part 2.Test methods
GB/T 2828.1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1.
Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot
inspection
GB/T 4942.1, Degrees of Protection Provided by the Integral Design of
Rotating Electrical Machined (IP Code) - Classification
GB/T 5171.1, Small Power Motors - Part 1.General Technical Requirements
GB/T 10069.1, Measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machines and the noise limits - Part 1.Method for the measurement of
airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machines
GB/T 12113-2003, Methods of measurement of touch current and protective
conductor current
3 Terms and definitions, symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T
5171.1 and GB 12350 as well as the followings apply.
3.1.1 efficiency
the ratio of output power to input power in the same unit, usually expressed as
a percentage
3.1.2 dynamometer
a device for measuring the torque applied to the rotating parts of the machine
under test; the device can measure and display torque and speed, and is not
limited to the bearing housing structure; the coaxial torque sensor can be used
to directly measure the torque of the measured motor drive shaft
3.1.3 thermal equilibrium
a state that the temperature rise of the heating parts of the motor does not
exceed 1K within half an hour
3.1.4 temperature-rise test
a test to determine the temperature rise of one or several parts of the motor,
under specified operating conditions
3.1.9 operating time limit test
a test to determine the normal operation period that the manufacturer
guarantees to the user under the specified conditions
3.2 Symbols
The following symbols apply to this document.
cosφ - Power factor;
4 Basic requirements for test
4.1 Test ambient conditions
Ambient temperature. 15°C~30°C
Relative humidity. 45%~75%
Atmospheric pressure. 86kPa~106kPa
The ambient temperature during temperature rise and efficiency test. 20°C ±
5°C. For motors equipped with thermostats or thermal fuse, if in doubt, the
ambient temperature during the temperature rise test is maintained at 23°C ± 2°C.
4.2 Test power
4.2.1 AC power
The harmonic voltage factor (HVF) of the AC power supply used for the test
shall not exceed 0.02.When conducting temperature rise and efficiency tests,
the harmonic voltage factor (HVF) shall not exceed 0.015.
4.2.2 Three-phase AC power supply
For three-phase AC power supply, in addition to meeting the requirements in
4.2.1, the negative sequence component of the three-phase voltage system
shall be less than 0.5% of the positive sequence component, and the influence
of zero sequence component shall be eliminated. The negative sequence
component of the measuring current system can be used to replace the
negative sequence component of the measuring voltage system.
4.2.3 DC power supply
The DC power supply equipment used in the test shall not exceed 0.5% of the
nominal source voltage and the output voltage tolerance of each output under
half-rated load. For each output, within the specified load range and under the
most unfavorable supply voltage, the load regulation rate is not more than 0.2%.
4.3 Use of measuring instruments
4.3.1 General
The ambient conditions during the test shall be within the range recommended
by the equipment manufacturer. If applicable, temperature corrections shall be
made to the measured values according to the manufacturer's equipment
instructions.
4.3.2 Measurement of electric quantity
Unless otherwise specified, the accuracy of the electrical measuring instrument
used shall not be less than level 0.5.
4.3.3 Torque measurement
The accuracy of the instrument used to measure torque shall not be less than
level 0.5.When measuring efficiency, it shall not be less than level 0.2.The
measured minimum torque shall be at least 10% of the rated torque of the
torque measuring instrument. If a better grade measuring instrument is used,
the allowable torque range is expanded accordingly.
4.3.4 Measurement of rotating speed
4.3.5 Frequency measurement
The accuracy level of the frequency meter shall not be less than level 0.1.
4.3.6 Temperature measurement
4.3.7 Determination of winding resistance
4.3.8 Other measuring instruments
In order to ensure the accuracy of the test results, other measuring instruments
used in the test process shall also have sufficient accuracy, for example.
5 Test preparation
5.1 Determination of insulation resistance
5.1.1 State of motor during measurement
When measuring the insulation resistance of motor windings, it shall be
respectively carried out under the actual cold state and thermally stable state
(after the temperature rise test). During the exit-factory test, if there are no other
provisions, the measurement is allowed in the actual cold state. When
measuring the insulation resistance, the winding temperature shall be
measured and recorded at the same time. When measuring in the actual cold
state, the surrounding medium temperature can be used as the winding
temperature.
5.1.2 Selection of megohmmeter
According to the rated voltage of the motor, select the megohmmeter according
to Table 1.
5.1.3 Measurement methods
When measuring the winding insulation resistance, if the beginning and end of
each winding circuit have been led out of the casing, then the insulation group
of each winding circuit to the casing and the windings shall be measured
separately. If the winding has been connected inside the motor, when only the
wire end is drawn out, measure the insulation resistance of the wire end to the
casing.
5.2 Determination of cold-state winding temperature θ1 and cold-state
winding resistance R1
Put the motor indoors for a period of time.
6 Temperature rise test
6.1 Overview
The purpose of the temperature rise test is to determine the temperature rise of
windings and certain parts of the motor that are higher than the temperature of
the cooling medium when the motor is running under specified load conditions.
The temperature measurement method is selected according to 4.3 and the
relevant provisions of this Clause.
6.2 General description
Measures shall be taken during the test to minimize the change in the
temperature of the cooling medium.
6.3 Determination of cooling medium temperature at the end of temperature rise test
6.4 Temperature measurement methods for motor winding and other parts
6.4.1 Determination of winding temperature
The temperature of motor windings is measured by resistance method,
including live temperature measurement method.
6.4.2 Determination of iron core temperature
The iron core temperature is measured with a thermometer or thermocouple.
6.5 Temperature rise test method
6.5.1 Determination of load
6.5.2 Duration of various motor temperature rise tests
6.5.4 Determination of winding resistance R2 measured by live
temperature measurement method
When using the live temperature measurement method, the measured
additional current shall not exceed 1% of the rated current of the tested motor.
The stable response time of the thermometer does not exceed 40s.
6.6 Calculation of winding working temperature θ2
The working temperature of the winding refers to the temperature of the winding
when the motor reaches a thermally stable state during the rated load
temperature rise test, calculated according to formula (9).
6.7 Calculation of winding temperature rise Δθ
Winding temperature rise is calculated according to formula (11).
7 Determination of efficiency
7.1 Overview
For motors with sealing rings, if there is no special agreement, the efficiency
measurement shall be carried out after the sealing rings are removed.
7.2 Direct method (method A)
7.2.1 Overview
This is a test method in which the mechanical output power of a motor is
determined by measuring the torque and speed of the shaft. The electrical input
power of the stator is measured in the same test.
7.2.2 Determination of output power
7.2.2.1 Dynamometer method and torque measuring instrument method
Connect the tested motor and the dynamometer or load motor with a torque
measuring instrument.
7.2.3 Calculation of efficiency
The efficiency η of the motor at different loads is calculated according to formula
(17). For dynamometer method and torque measuring instrument method, draw
efficiency curve η=f(P2).
7.3 Loss analysis method (method B)
7.3.1 Overview
This is a test method to determine efficiency by summing up various losses.
7.3.2 Test procedures
7.3.2.1 Rated load test
Winding temperature and resistance at
ambient temperature
7.3.2.1 Rated load test
Winding resistance during rated load test
7.3.2.2 Load loss
Stator and rotor winding losses
7.3.2.3 Load curve test
Torque measurement and winding
resistance measurement
7.3.2.4 No-load test
Winding resistance during no-load test
7.3.2.5 Constant loss
Wind resistance and friction loss, iron loss
7.3.2.6 Additional load loss
From stray loss
8 Locked-rotor test
The locked-rotor test is carried out when the motor is close to the actual cold
state. During the test, the rotor shall be blocked. Apply a rated voltage on the
motor.
9 Other test items
9.1 Dimension inspection
9.1.1 Shape and installation dimension inspection
Vernier caliper or micrometer can be used to check the appearance and
installation dimensions of the motor.
9.1.2 Axial movement
The motor axis is placed horizontally and fixed on the plate. The measuring
head of the dial indicator is placed on the top of the shaft extension. Apply the
force specified in Table 3 to the shaft along the axis. First in one direction, then
in the opposite direction.
9.1.3 Shape error and position error inspection
9.1.3.1 General
The testing principle, testing conditions, evaluation method and testing plan of
the shape error and position error of the motor (hereinafter referred to as the
shape and position error) shall meet the requirements of GB/T 1958.
9.1.3.2 Radial runout of shaft extension
The motor axis is placed horizontally and fixed on the plate. The measuring
head of the dial indicator is placed at half of the shaft extension. Rotate the
shaft slowly and steadily for one revolution.
9.1.3.5 Flatness of foot support surface
Place the motor on the plate. Use feeler gauge to measure the gap between
the motor foot and the plate. Measure the straightness error values of several
sections at different points. The maximum value is the flatness of the foot
support surface.
9.1.3.6 Parallelism of motor axis to foot supporting surface
The motor axis is placed horizontally and fixed on the plate. The axis is
simulated by the upper element line of the shaft extension. The values
measured at two positions on the shaft extension with a measuring distance of
L2 are M1 and M2, respectively.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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